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https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/callback-using-interfaces-java/

Callback in C/C++ : The mechanism of calling a function from another function is called “callback”. Memory address of a function is represented as ‘function pointer’ in the languages like C and C++. So, the callback is achieved by passing the pointer of function1() to function2().
Callback in Java : But the concept of a callback function does not exist in Java because Java doesn’t have pointer concept. However, there are situations where one could speak of a callback object or a callback interface. Instead of passing the memory address of a function, interface is passed that refers to the location of a function.

百度百科上的定义：回调函数就是一个被作为参数传递的函数。说的应该就是C/C++中的回调函数概念。在Java中表现行为为一个实现特定接口的对象。

比如JDBC https://www.w3schools.blog/spring-resultsetextractor-tutorial