摩根大通公司简单介绍 成国内首家纯外资券商

1、摩根大通

这家风投机构的名字大家应该经常听到。就在前几天，摩根下调了对小米的估值，还因此导致小米的股价下跌呢，想必大家都还能有些许印象。摩根大通的总部位于纽约，总资产高达25万亿美元，是美国知名的最大金融服务机构之一。

除了苹果、Facebook这次知名的国外企业有摩根大通的投资外，国内也有不少企业和他有着千丝万缕的联系。平安、蒙牛乳业、四环医药、天合化工……去年就连中国人民银行都授予其担任美国人民币业务的清算行!

2、红杉资本

这个名字大家也比较熟悉了。1972年成立于美国硅谷的红杉资本，在中国有着本地化的基金。我们在很多企业的幕后名单中，都能看到红杉资本的名字。阿里巴巴、大众点评、赶集网、高德、京东、聚美、新浪……让人没想到的是，就连中通快递红杉资本都“没放过”!

3、晨兴资本

这家风投机构的名气并没有前面的高，但是我们要看的是他投资的企业，估计看下来大多是我们熟悉的。搜狐、YY、中国国家地理、迅雷、小米、快手、天天动听、keep……值得一提的是，晨兴投资来自于晨星集团，虽说是在美国成立的，但是却是由香港恒隆地产的陈启宗和陈乐宗所创立的。

4、DCM资本

这家风投公司总部同样位于美国，早期就开始专业从事风投工作了。和在中国的出名不同，在美国甚至没有太多人知道这家公司是做风投的。当然了，国内众多知名的企业，同样少不了他的身影。

当初的“中国亚马逊”当当网、人人网、前程无忧、58同城、唯品会、互动百科……基本都是大家熟知的平台。

看。摩根大通公司官网显示，该公司入职年薪需要本科及以上学历，是看学历的。摩根大通集团于1968年根据特拉华州法律注册成立，总部位于美国纽约市，公司是一家全球领先的金融服务公司，也是美国最大的银行机构之一。

这两天又一条新闻引起了大家的讨论，那就是摩根大通将以一家纯外资的证券公司的身份在国内开展业务了，那么很多朋友就想知道摩根大通是做什么呢？这篇文章就跟大家聊聊。

摩根大通集团，2000年12月由J．P．摩根公司和大通曼哈顿公司合并而成，是美国主要的商业银行。业界称西摩或小摩，中国人习惯称之为“摩根银行”，总部在美国纽约，总资产25万亿美元，总存款高达15万亿美元，占美国存款总额的25%，分行6000多家，是美国最大金融服务机构之一。

摩根大通是全球盈利最佳的银行之一，拥有超过25万亿美元的资产，管理的资金超过15万亿美元。公司在全球拥有772名销售人员，覆盖近5000家机构投资者客户；股票研究覆盖5238家上市公司，其中包括3175家亚洲公司。

8月6日，摩根大通宣布，中国证监会已对摩根大通证券（中国）有限公司控股股东，摩根大通国际金融有限公司受让5家内资股东所持股权，成为摩根大通证券（中国）唯一股东的事项准予备案。摩根大通证券（中国）将成为中国首家外资全资控股的证券公司。

摩根大通已扎根中国市场一百年，在国内布局了证券、期货、基金公司，早前已透露过有意将三家合资公司的持股比提升至100%。

继摩根大通证券、野村东方国际证券之后，证监会去年在三个工作日内火速核准设立大和证券、星展证券。大和证券的控股股东是株式会社大和证券集团总公司，持股比例为51%。星展证券的发起方为新加坡最大的商业银行星展银行（DBS），原名为新加坡发展银行。由此可知，面对国外券商的入局，国内的券商其实压力不小。

综合以上信息，国内的金融行业进一步开放，是市场变的更加成熟的证明，而且国外券商的入局，也可以发挥鲶鱼效应，逼迫国内公司进步，希望这篇文章能给大家带来帮助！

At this rate, Jamie Dimon may soon have to start being nice about JPMorgan Chase's investment bank自2004年进入摩根大通以来，戴蒙经常对该公司投行业务的表现感到失望，而这位首席执行官也常常公开表达他的这种不满。Since he arrived in 2004, Mr Dimon has often been disappointed with the investment bank's performance And JPMorgan's chief executive has been characteristically unbuttoned in sharing that disappointment in public不过，摩根大通发布的第四季度业绩报告显示，该公司比一些同行更好地度过了这次信贷市场动荡。But JPMorgan's fourth-quarter figures next week are expected to confirm that it has steered through the credit market turmoil much better than some of its rivals相比于花旗(Citigroup)、美林(Merrill Lynch)、瑞银(UBS)和摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)等竞争对手，摩根大通的损失规模要小。The figures will not be pretty, with analysts expecting heavy credit-related writedowns But JPMorgan will have suffered much less damage than rivals such as Citigroup, Merrill Lynch, UBS and Morgan Stanley摩根大通投行业务联席首席执行官比尔�6�1温特斯(Bill Winters)表示，这一切归功于判断，而非运气。该行在受打击最严重的领域并没有太多风险敞口，“因为我们做出了这样的选择”。Bill Winters, co-chief executive of JPMorgan's investment bank, says that is down to judgment, not luck The bank did not have big exposures in the worst-hit areas "because we chose not to"例如，摩根大通放弃了结构性投资工具(SIV)。事实证明，这种表外基金让竞争对手花旗集团头疼不已。For example, JPMorgan gave a pass to structured investment vehicles, the off-balance-sheet funds that have proved such a headache for rival Citigroup2003年，当摩根大通收购总部位于芝加哥的美一银行(Bank One)时，也接管了一只位于伦敦的结构性投资工具。当时，戴蒙是美一银行的首席执行官。In 2003, when JPMorgan acquired Bank One, the Chicago-based bank run by Mr Dimon, it inherited a London-based SIV温特斯表示：“我们对它进行了研究。我们试图搞清楚它是一个好设想的原因，但未能找到答案。”因此，摩根大通在2005年将它卖给了渣打银行(Standard Chartered)，而后者现在正被迫解散它。"We looked at it We tried to work out why it was a good idea and couldn't," Mr Winters says So in 2005, JPMorgan sold it to Standard Chartered, which is now being forced to unwind it摩根大通在信贷紧缩时期取得的相对较好的业绩，出乎很多观察人士的意料，他们原本以为，该公司的表现会与它“易于发生事故”的名声相符。JPMorgan's relatively good performance during the credit squeeze has surprised many observers who presumed it would live up to its accident-prone reputationBut Mr Winters, and his co-chief executive at the investment bank, Steve Black, say it has learnt from those past accidents不过，温特斯与另一位投行业务联席首席执行官史蒂夫�6�1布莱克(Steve Black)表示，该公司从过去的事故中汲取了教训。The most important single choice JPMorgan made was not to be big in the business of selling collateralised debt obligations based on residential mortgage securities摩根大通做出的一个最重要的选择就是：不要把基于住宅按揭证券的债务抵押债券(CDO)销售业务做得太大。It would have been a natural thing for JPMorgan to do One of the pioneers of structured credit in the 1990s, JPMorgan is a leader in parts of the CDO business But in the mortgage-backed side, it was second division本来，对于摩根大通而言，把这块业务做大做强是自然而然的事。作为上世纪90年代结构信贷的先驱之一，摩根大通是CDO部分业务领域的领导者。不过在按揭抵押证券方面，它仅位居第二集团。"We saw other firms doing massive business and we put pressure on our people to figure out where we were going wrong," Mr Winters says“我们看到其它公司开展了大量此类业务，于是要求手下人员找出我们出错的地方，”温特斯表示。"We ran the numbers every way we could But when you factored in the riskiness of what you have to hold, we couldn't figure out how you would make any money"“我们尽可能到处收集数据。不过，当你把自己不得不承担的风险考虑进来的时候，我们看不出你怎么能赚钱。”Other banks, such as Citigroup and Merrill, have suffered billions of dollars of losses on the senior tranches of CDOs they retainedThe generous yield provided by those tranches suggested they were much riskier than widely assumed And so it proved其它投行，例如花旗和美林，因为手中持有的高级CDO而蒙受了巨额损失。Mr Winters says JPMorgan's experience securitising corporate loans in the late 1990s underlined the danger of such assumptions这些CDO提供高额回报率，意味着它们的风险比人们普遍假设的更大。事实也证明了这一点。The group later discovered the risks of holding too much of anything when Chase's exposure to telecoms start-ups cost it dearly when the tech bubble burst温特斯称，JP摩根(JPMorgan)上世纪90年代在企业贷款证券化方面的经历，凸显了这种假设的危险性。Those losses, together with the costs of the group's involvement with Enron and WorldCom, seriously hampered efforts to create a top-tier investment bank from the merger of Chase Manhattan and JPMorgan in 2000该集团后来发现了过多持有任何东西的风险。当科技泡沫破裂时，大通曼哈顿(Chase Manhattan)在电讯初创企业方面的风险敞口令其损失惨重。The banks lost talent after the bubble burst, then again in 2004 when heavy litigation payments slashed the bonus pool Learning another lesson, the investment bank is expected to pay healthy bonuses for last year, in spite of the downturn这些损失，再加上受安然(Enron)和世通(WorldCom)牵连而付出的成本，严重影响了该集团在2000年借助合并大通曼哈顿和JP摩根而创建一流投资银行的努力。Mr Winters, a JPMorgan veteran, and Mr Black, who had joined from Citibank shortly before the merger, were made co-chief executives in 2004 They have since changed most of the senior management on the markets side, overhauled the trading businesses in an attempt to reduce volatility and improve productivity, and invested in areas where the bank was weak在科技泡沫破灭后，以及在2004年，当巨额诉讼赔付严重影响了奖金水平时，银行都损失了不少人才。痛定思痛，尽管去年业绩下滑，但预计JP摩根还是会发放丰厚奖金。These included commodities trading - which JPMorgan had exited in 1997 - and equities, where neither bank had been strong "We have built out most of the gaps we had Right now, we are a top-three player across every asset class across the globe"JPMorgan's trading business lagged behind many of its rivals during the boom, which ended last summer, partly because value at risk was kept flat温特斯是JP摩根的老员工，而布莱克则是在JP摩根和大通合并前不久，从花旗银行(Citibank)跳槽过来的。他们两人在2004年成为联席首席执行官。从那以后，他们更换了市场方面的多数高层管理人员；改革了交易业务，以降低波动性、提高收益率；同时，还在该行的薄弱领域进行了投资。This was not because Mr Dimon does not like risktaking, which Mr Winters insists is a myth, but because he wanted to concentrate on improving productivity of risk capital JPMorgan can claim to be the world's leading corporate finance bank, generating investment banking revenue of $6bn last year, according to Dealogic, ahead of Goldman Sachs, Citi and Morgan Stanley这些领域包括大宗商品交易（JP摩根1997年退出了这项业务）、股票业务（JP摩根和大通曼哈顿无一擅长）。“我们弥补了多数缺口。现在，在全球范围内，在所有资产类别，我们都是行业前三名。”Like other Wall Street banks it has been investing heavily outside the US It remains underweight in Asia, where it generated 13 per cent of its revenue in the first nine months of 2007, though Mr Winters says it is "closing the gap quickly"But it is very strong in Europe and the Middle East, which accounted for 40 per cent of its revenue在结束于去年夏季的信贷繁荣期，摩根大通的交易业务落后于很多对手，部分原因就是风险价值一直比较平稳。Its position in Europe has been bolstered by the tie-up with Cazenove in London in 2004, which has been much more successful than many sceptics predicted这不是因为戴蒙不喜欢冒险（温特斯坚称这是谣传），而是因为他想集中精力提高风险资本的收益率。摩根大通可以自称是全球领先的企业金融银行，Dealogic的数据显示，该行去年的投行业务收入达60亿美元，超过高盛(Goldman Sachs)、花旗和摩根士丹利。Mr Winters, who spent a long time courting Cazenove, was always confident but says "it worked a little better than we hoped"Mr Winters and Mr Black argue that the investment bank is well-placed to thrive in these more challenging times It has an enviable client list, a strong brand, and thanks to Mr Dimon's pursuit of a "fortress balance sheet", it is part of a very well capitalised group Some of its rivals are not in such a happy position与其它华尔街银行一样，摩根大通也一直在大举投资海外。它的亚洲业务依然比例薄弱，在2007年前9个月的收入中，只有13%来自亚洲。温特斯表示，该行正在“迅速弥补差距”。不过，该行在非洲和中东的业务非常强大，其总收入的40%来自于此。它在欧洲的地位，很大程度上得益于2004年与伦敦嘉诚(Cazenove)的合作。这笔交易的成效比很多怀疑人士的预期好得多。温特斯曾经花了很多时间游说嘉诚，他对这笔交易始终抱有信心，但他也说：“这笔交易比我们的预期还要稍微好一点。”温特斯和布莱克认为，这家投行有能力面对这些更具挑战性的时局。它拥有令人羡慕的客户群、一个强大的品牌，而且，得益于戴蒙对“坚实资产负债表”的追求，该行现在是一个资本非常充足的大集团的一部分。《FT商学院》

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