Android Instrumented单元测试中的上下文和资源

概述我正在设计一个带有一些不太简单的类的系统,这些类需要一个Context对象才能对其进行初始化.这些类使用第三方类,它们也需要上下文初始化.该类还利用上下文加载功能所需的许多字符串资源.问题在于为这些类编写仪表单元测试.当我尝试使用InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()获取用

我正在设计一个带有一些不太简单的类的系统,这些类需要一个Context对象才能对其进行初始化.这些类使用第三方类,它们也需要上下文初始化.该类还利用上下文加载功能所需的许多字符串资源.

问题在于为这些类编写仪表单元测试.当我尝试使用InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()获取用于测试的Context对象时,遇到了一个异常,即上下文找不到与该类关联的字符串资源(android.content.res.Resources $NotFoundException).

我的问题是：如何设计这些测试,以便上下文可以检索所需的字符串资源,还可以用作第三方类的合适上下文对象？我只能做很多模拟工作,因为其中一些类会处理auth令牌,这很难模拟.在Android域中,我不是唯一一个遇到此问题的人,所以我敢肯定,对于这个普遍存在的问题,有一个通用的解决方案.

编辑：
如建议的那样,我尝试将Robolectric(版本3.3.2)集成到我的项目中,但是,当我尝试运行单元测试时,遇到以下错误：

Error:Error converting bytecode to dex:Cause: Dex cannot parse version 52 byte code.This is caused by library dependencIEs that have been compiled using Java 8 or above.If you are using the 'java' gradle plugin in a library submodule add targetCompatibility = '1.7'sourceCompatibility = '1.7'to that submodule's build.gradle file. 

我试图将targetCompatibility和sourceCompatibility行添加到我的gradle文件中(在几个位置)无济于事.

这是我的手机build.gradle：

apply plugin: 'com.androID.application'apply plugin: 'checkstyle'apply plugin: 'io.fabric'project.ext {    supportlibVersion = '25.3.0'    multIDexSupportVersion = '1.0.1'    gsonVersion = '2.8.0'    retrofitVersion = '2.2.0'    daggerVersion = '2.4'    butterKnifeVersion = '8.5.1'    eventBusversion = '3.0.0'    awscoreServicesversion = '2.2.+'    twitterKitVersion = '2.3.2@aar'    facebookVersion = '4.+'    crashlyticsversion = '2.6.7@aar'    autovalueVersion = '1.2'    autovalueParcelVersion = '0.2.5'    autovalueGsonVersion = '0.4.4'    permissiondispatcher = '2.2.0'    testRunnerVersion = '0.5'    espressoVersion = '2.2.2'    junitVersion = '4.12'    roboelectricVersion = '3.3.2'}def gitSha = exec('git rev-parse --short head', "unkNown");def gitCommitCount = 100 + Integer.parseInt(exec('git rev-List --count head', "-1"))def gitTag = exec('git describe --Tags', stringify(gitCommitCount))def gitTimestamp = exec('git log -n 1 --format=%at', -1)def appID = "com.example.myapp"def isCi = "true".equals(System.getenv("CI"))// Uncomment if you wish to enable Jack & Java8// apply from: 'jack.gradle'// Uncomment if you wish to enable Sonar//apply from: 'sonar.gradle'androID {  compileSdkVersion 25  buildToolsversion "25.0.2"  defaultConfig {    applicationID appID    minSdkVersion 16    targetSdkVersion 25      multIDexEnabled = true    versionCode gitCommitCount    versionname gitTag    testInstrumentationRunner "androID.support.test.runner.AndroIDJUnitRunner"    buildConfigFIEld 'String', 'GIT_SHA', "\"${gitSha}\""    buildConfigFIEld 'long', 'GIT_TIMESTAMP', "${gitTimestamp}L"  }  buildTypes {    deBUG {      applicationIDSuffix '.deBUG'    }    release {      MinifyEnabled true      proguardfiles getDefaultProguardfile('proguard-androID.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'    }    qa.initWith(buildTypes.release)    qa {      applicationIDSuffix '.qa'      deBUGgable true    }  }  lintoptions {    abortOnError false  }  applicationVariants.all { variant ->    def strictMode = !variant.name.equals("release")    buildConfigFIEld 'boolean', 'STRICT_MODE_ENABLED', "${strictMode}"  }}configurations.all {  resolutionStrategy {    force "com.androID.support:support-annotations:$supportlibVersion"    force "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1"    force "com.squareup:okio:1.9.0"    force "com.Google.guava:guava:19.0"  }}dependencIEs {    compile "com.androID.support:appcompat-v7:$supportlibVersion"    compile "com.androID.support:design:$supportlibVersion"    compile "com.androID.support:recyclervIEw-v7:$supportlibVersion"    compile "com.androID.support:cardvIEw-v7:$supportlibVersion"    compile "com.androID.support:multIDex:$multIDexSupportVersion"    compile "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:$retrofitVersion"    compile "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:$retrofitVersion"    compile 'com.jakewharton.retrofit:retrofit2-rxjava2-adapter:1.0.0'    compile "com.Google.dagger:dagger:$daggerVersion"    annotationProcessor "com.Google.dagger:dagger-compiler:$daggerVersion"    provIDed 'javax.annotation:Jsr250-API:1.0'    compile 'com.github.bumptech.glIDe:glIDe:3.7.0'    compile 'com.jakewharton.timber:timber:4.3.1'    compile "com.jakewharton:butterknife:$butterKnifeVersion"    annotationProcessor "com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:$butterKnifeVersion"    compile "org.greenrobot:eventbus:$eventBusversion"    annotationProcessor "org.greenrobot:eventbus:$eventBusversion"    compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroID:2.0.0'    deBUGCompile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.4.2'    compile "com.Google.auto.value:auto-value:$autovalueVersion"    annotationProcessor "com.Google.auto.value:auto-value:$autovalueVersion"    compile "com.ryanharter.auto.value:auto-value-parcel-adapter:$autovalueParcelVersion"    annotationProcessor "com.ryanharter.auto.value:auto-value-parcel:$autovalueParcelVersion"    compile "com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher:$permissiondispatcher"    annotationProcessor "com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher-processor:$permissiondispatcher"    compile("com.crashlytics.sdk.androID:crashlytics:$crashlyticsversion") {        transitive = true;    }    compile("com.twitter.sdk.androID:twitter:$twitterKitVersion") {        transitive = true    }    compile "com.facebook.androID:facebook-android-sdk:$facebookVersion"    compile "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-core:$awscoreServicesversion"    annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-core:$awscoreServicesversion"    compile "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-APIgateway-core:$awscoreServicesversion"    annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-APIgateway-core:$awscoreServicesversion"    compile "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-cognito:$awscoreServicesversion"    annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-cognito:$awscoreServicesversion"    compile "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-cognitoIDentityprovIDer:$awscoreServicesversion"    annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-cognitoIDentityprovIDer:$awscoreServicesversion"    compile "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-lambda:$awscoreServicesversion"    annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-lambda:$awscoreServicesversion"    compile "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-sns:$awscoreServicesversion"    annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-androID-sdk-sns:$awscoreServicesversion"    androIDTestCompile "junit:junit:$junitVersion"    androIDTestCompile "com.androID.support.test:runner:$testRunnerVersion"    androIDTestCompile "com.androID.support.test:rules:$testRunnerVersion"    androIDTestCompile "com.androID.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:$espressoVersion"    androIDTestCompile "com.androID.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:$espressoVersion"    androIDTestCompile "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit-mock:$retrofitVersion"    androIDTestCompile "org.robolectric:robolectric:$roboelectricVersion"    testCompile "junit:junit:$junitVersion"    testCompile 'com.Google.truth:truth:0.30'    testCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-all:1.3'    testCompile "org.robolectric:robolectric:$roboelectricVersion"}task checkCodingStyle(type: Checkstyle) {  description 'Runs Checkstyle inspection against AndroID sourcesets.'  group = 'Code Quality'  ignoreFailures = false  showViolations = false  source 'src'  include '**/*.java'  exclude '**/gen/**'  exclude '**/R.java'  exclude '**/BuildConfig.java'  reports {    xml.destination "$project.buildDir/reports/checkstyle/report.xml"  }  classpath = files()  configfile = file("${rootProject.rootDir}/config/checkstyle/checkstyle.xml")}def stringify(int versionCode) {  def builder = new StringBuilder();  def dot = ""  String.format("%03d", versionCode).tochararray().each {    builder.append(dot)    builder.append(it)    dot = "."  }  return builder.toString()}def exec(String command, Object fallback = null) {  def cmd = command.execute([], project.rootDir)  cmd.waitFor()  if (cmd.exitValue() != 0) {    if (fallback == null) {      throw new RuntimeException("'$command' @R_502_5138@: $cmd.errorStream.text")    } else {      return fallback    }  }  return cmd.text.trim()}if (isCi) {  build.finalizedBy(checkCodingStyle)}

解决方法:

可接受的答案不是实际的解决方案.在很多情况下,您想测试与真正的AndroID框架的交互.就像其他存根一样,Robolectric可能会隐藏一些实际问题.

您的问题是您使用的InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()与您的应用程序使用的是不同的.根据文档：

Return the Context of this instrumentation’s package.

并且您应该使用InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext()代替：

Return a Context for the target application being instrumented.

因为它与第一个相反,将可以访问您的资源.

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