一、概述
最近在群里听到各种讨论okhttp的话题,可见okhttp的口碑相当好了。再加上Google貌似在6.0版本里面删除了httpClIEnt相关API,对于这个行为不做评价。为了更好的在应对网络访问,学习下okhttp还是蛮必要的,本篇博客首先介绍okhttp的简单使用,主要包含:
一般的get请求 一般的post请求 基于http的文件上传 文件下载 加载图片 支持请求回调,直接返回对象、对象集合 支持session的保持最后会对上述几个功能进行封装,完整的封装类的地址见:http://xiazai.jb51.net/201611/yuanma/okhttputils-master_jb51.zip
使用前,对于AndroID Studio的用户,可以选择添加:
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.4.0'
或者Eclipse的用户,可以下载最新的jarokhttp he latest JAR ,添加依赖就可以用了。
注意:okhttp内部依赖okio,别忘了同时导入okio:
gradle: compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:1.5.0'
最新的jar地址:okio the latest JAR
二、使用教程
(一)http Get
对了网络加载库,那么最常见的肯定就是http get请求了,比如获取一个网页的内容。
//创建okhttpClIEnt对象OkhttpClIEnt mOkhttpClIEnt = new OkhttpClIEnt();//创建一个Requestfinal Request request = new Request.Builder() .url("https://github.com/hongyangAndroID") .build();//new callCall call = mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request); //请求加入调度call.enqueue(new Callback() { @OverrIDe public voID onFailure(Request request,IOException e) { } @OverrIDe public voID onResponse(final Response response) throws IOException { //String HTMLStr = response.body().string(); } });
1.以上就是发送一个get请求的步骤,首先构造一个Request对象,参数最起码有个url,当然你可以通过Request.Builder设置更多的参数比如:header、method等。
2.然后通过request的对象去构造得到一个Call对象,类似于将你的请求封装成了任务,既然是任务,就会有execute()和cancel()等方法。
3.最后,我们希望以异步的方式去执行请求,所以我们调用的是call.enqueue,将call加入调度队列,然后等待任务执行完成,我们在Callback中即可得到结果。
看到这,你会发现,整体的写法还是比较长的,所以封装肯定是要做的,不然每个请求这么写,得累死。
ok,需要注意几点:
1、onResponse回调的参数是response,一般情况下,比如我们希望获得返回的字符串,可以通过response.body().string()获取;如果希望获得返回的二进制字节数组,则调用response.body().bytes();如果你想拿到返回的inputStream,则调用response.body().byteStream()
看到这,你可能会奇怪,竟然还能拿到返回的inputStream,看到这个最起码能意识到一点,这里支持大文件下载,有inputStream我们就可以通过IO的方式写文件。不过也说明一个问题,这个onResponse执行的线程并不是UI线程。的确是的,如果你希望 *** 作控件,还是需要使用handler等,例如:
@OverrIDepublic voID onResponse(final Response response) throws IOException{ final String res = response.body().string(); runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @OverrIDe public voID run() { mTv.setText(res); } });}
2、我们这里是异步的方式去执行,当然也支持阻塞的方式,上面我们也说了Call有一个execute()方法,你也可以直接调用call.execute()通过返回一个Response。
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(二) http Post 携带参数
看来上面的简单的get请求,基本上整个的用法也就掌握了,比如post携带参数,也仅仅是Request的构造的不同。
Request request = buildMultipartFormRequest( url,new file[]{file},new String[]{fileKey},null);FormEnCodingBuilder builder = new FormEnCodingBuilder(); builder.add("username","张鸿洋");Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(builder.build()) .build(); mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback(){});
大家都清楚,post的时候,参数是包含在请求体中的;所以我们通过FormEnCodingBuilder。添加多个String键值对,然后去构造Requestbody,最后完成我们Request的构造。
后面的就和上面一样了。
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(三)基于http的文件上传
接下来我们在介绍一个可以构造Requestbody的Builder,叫做MultipartBuilder。当我们需要做类似于表单上传的时候,就可以使用它来构造我们的requestbody。
file file = new file(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"balabala.mp4");Requestbody fileBody = Requestbody.create(MediaType.parse("application/octet-stream"),file);Requestbody requestbody = new MultipartBuilder() .type(MultipartBuilder.FORM) .addPart(headers.of( "Content-disposition","form-data; name=\"username\""),Requestbody.create(null,"张鸿洋")) .addPart(headers.of( "Content-disposition","form-data; name=\"mfile\"; filename=\"wjd.mp4\""),fileBody) .build();Request request = new Request.Builder() .url("http://192.168.1.103:8080/okhttpServer/fileUpload") .post(requestbody) .build();Call call = mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request);call.enqueue(new Callback(){ //...});
上述代码向服务器传递了一个键值对username:张鸿洋和一个文件。我们通过MultipartBuilder的addPart方法可以添加键值对或者文件。
其实类似于我们拼接模拟浏览器行为的方式,如果你对这块不了解,可以参考:从原理角度解析AndroID (Java) http 文件上传
ok,对于我们最开始的目录还剩下图片下载,文件下载;这两个一个是通过回调的Response拿到byte[]然后decode成图片;文件下载,就是拿到inputStream做写文件 *** 作,我们这里就不赘述了。
接下来我们主要看如何封装上述的代码。
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三、封装
由于按照上述的代码,写多个请求肯定包含大量的重复代码,所以我希望封装后的代码调用是这样的:
(一)使用
1.一般的get请求
OkhttpClIEntManager.getAsyn("https://www.baIDu.com",new OkhttpClIEntManager.ResultCallback<String>() { @OverrIDe public voID onError(Request request,Exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } @OverrIDe public voID onResponse(String u) { mTv.setText(u);//注意这里是UI线程 } });
对于一般的请求,我们希望给个url,然后CallBack里面直接 *** 作控件。
2.文件上传且携带参数
我们希望提供一个方法,传入url,params,file,callback即可。
OkhttpClIEntManager.postAsyn("http://192.168.1.103:8080/okhttpServer/fileUpload",// new OkhttpClIEntManager.ResultCallback<String>() { @OverrIDe public voID onError(Request request,IOException e) { e.printstacktrace(); } @OverrIDe public voID onResponse(String result) { } },// file,// "mfile",// new OkhttpClIEntManager.Param[]{ new OkhttpClIEntManager.Param("username","zhy"),new OkhttpClIEntManager.Param("password","123")} );
键值对没什么说的,参数3为file,参数4为file对应的name,这个name不是文件的名字;
对应于http中的
<input type="file" name="mfile" >
对应的是name后面的值,即mfile.
3.文件下载
对于文件下载,提供url,目标dir,callback即可。
OkhttpClIEntManager.downloadAsyn( "http://192.168.1.103:8080/okhttpServer/files/messenger_01.png",Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getabsolutePath(),new OkhttpClIEntManager.ResultCallback<String>() { @OverrIDe public voID onError(Request request,IOException e) { } @OverrIDe public voID onResponse(String response) { //文件下载成功,这里回调的reponse为文件的absolutePath }});
4.展示图片
展示图片,我们希望提供一个url和一个imagevIEw,如果下载成功,直接帮我们设置上即可。
OkhttpClIEntManager.displayImage(mImageVIEw,http://images.csdn.net/20150817/1.jpg);
内部会自动根据imagevIEw的大小自动对图片进行合适的压缩。虽然,这里可能不适合一次性加载大量图片的场景,但是对于app中偶尔有几个图片的加载,还是可用的。
四、整合Json
很多人提出项目中使用时,服务端返回的是Json字符串,希望客户端回调可以直接拿到对象,于是整合进入了Json,完善该功能。
(一)直接回调对象
例如现在有个User实体类:
package com.zhy.utils.http.okhttp;public class User { public String username ; public String password ; public User() { // Todo auto-generated constructor stub } public User(String username,String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } @OverrIDe public String toString() { return "User{" + "username='" + username + '\'' + ",password='" + password + '\'' + '}'; }}
服务端返回:
{"username":"zhy","password":"123"}
客户端可以如下方式调用:
OkhttpClIEntManager.getAsyn("http://192.168.56.1:8080/okhttpServer/user!getUser",new OkhttpClIEntManager.ResultCallback<User>(){ @OverrIDe public voID onError(Request request,Exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } @OverrIDe public voID onResponse(User user) { mTv.setText(u.toString());//UI线程 }});
我们传入泛型User,在onResponse里面直接回调User对象。
这里特别要注意的事,如果在Json字符串->实体对象过程中发生错误,程序不会崩溃,onError方法会被回调。
注意:这里做了少许的更新,接口命名从StringCallback修改为ResultCallback。接口中的onFailure方法修改为onError。
(二) 回调对象集合
依然是上述的User类,服务端返回
[{"username":"zhy","password":"123"},{"username":"lmj","password":"12345"}]
则客户端可以如下调用:
OkhttpClIEntManager.getAsyn("http://192.168.56.1:8080/okhttpServer/user!getUsers",new OkhttpClIEntManager.ResultCallback<List<User>>(){ @OverrIDe public voID onError(Request request,Exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } @OverrIDe public voID onResponse(List<User> us) { Log.e("TAG",us.size() + ""); mTv.setText(us.get(1).toString()); }});
唯一的区别,就是泛型变为List<User> ,ok , 如果发现BUG或者有任何意见欢迎留言。
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源码
ok,基本介绍完了,对于封装的代码其实也很简单,我就直接贴出来了,因为也没什么好介绍的,如果你看完上面的用法,肯定可以看懂:
package com.zhy.utils.http.okhttp;import androID.graphics.Bitmap;import androID.graphics.BitmapFactory;import androID.os.Handler;import androID.os.Looper;import androID.Widget.ImageVIEw;import com.Google.gson.Gson;import com.Google.gson.internal.$Gson$Types;import com.squareup.okhttp.Call;import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback;import com.squareup.okhttp.FormEnCodingBuilder;import com.squareup.okhttp.headers;import com.squareup.okhttp.MediaType;import com.squareup.okhttp.MultipartBuilder;import com.squareup.okhttp.OkhttpClIEnt;import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;import com.squareup.okhttp.Requestbody;import com.squareup.okhttp.Response;import java.io.file;import java.io.fileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.inputStream;import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;import java.lang.reflect.Type;import java.net.cookieManager;import java.net.cookiePolicy;import java.net.filenameMap;import java.net.URLConnection;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Set;/** * Created by zhy on 15/8/17. */public class OkhttpClIEntManager{ private static OkhttpClIEntManager mInstance; private OkhttpClIEnt mOkhttpClIEnt; private Handler mDelivery; private Gson mGson; private static final String TAG = "OkhttpClIEntManager"; private OkhttpClIEntManager() { mOkhttpClIEnt = new OkhttpClIEnt(); //cookie enabled mOkhttpClIEnt.setcookieHandler(new cookieManager(null,cookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER)); mDelivery = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()); mGson = new Gson(); } public static OkhttpClIEntManager getInstance() { if (mInstance == null) { synchronized (OkhttpClIEntManager.class) { if (mInstance == null) { mInstance = new OkhttpClIEntManager(); } } } return mInstance; } /** * 同步的Get请求 * * @param url * @return Response */ private Response _getAsyn(String url) throws IOException { final Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .build(); Call call = mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request); Response execute = call.execute(); return execute; } /** * 同步的Get请求 * * @param url * @return 字符串 */ private String _getAsstring(String url) throws IOException { Response execute = _getAsyn(url); return execute.body().string(); } /** * 异步的get请求 * * @param url * @param callback */ private voID _getAsyn(String url,final ResultCallback callback) { final Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .build(); deliveryResult(callback,request); } /** * 同步的Post请求 * * @param url * @param params post的参数 * @return */ private Response _post(String url,Param... params) throws IOException { Request request = buildPostRequest(url,params); Response response = mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request).execute(); return response; } /** * 同步的Post请求 * * @param url * @param params post的参数 * @return 字符串 */ private String _postAsstring(String url,Param... params) throws IOException { Response response = _post(url,params); return response.body().string(); } /** * 异步的post请求 * * @param url * @param callback * @param params */ private voID _postAsyn(String url,final ResultCallback callback,Param... params) { Request request = buildPostRequest(url,params); deliveryResult(callback,request); } /** * 异步的post请求 * * @param url * @param callback * @param params */ private voID _postAsyn(String url,Map<String,String> params) { Param[] paramsArr = map2Params(params); Request request = buildPostRequest(url,paramsArr); deliveryResult(callback,request); } /** * 同步基于post的文件上传 * * @param params * @return */ private Response _post(String url,file[] files,String[] fileKeys,Param... params) throws IOException { Request request = buildMultipartFormRequest(url,files,fileKeys,params); return mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request).execute(); } private Response _post(String url,file file,String fileKey) throws IOException { Request request = buildMultipartFormRequest(url,null); return mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request).execute(); } private Response _post(String url,String fileKey,params); return mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request).execute(); } /** * 异步基于post的文件上传 * * @param url * @param callback * @param files * @param fileKeys * @throws IOException */ private voID _postAsyn(String url,ResultCallback callback,request); } /** * 异步基于post的文件上传,单文件不带参数上传 * * @param url * @param callback * @param file * @param fileKey * @throws IOException */ private voID _postAsyn(String url,null); deliveryResult(callback,request); } /** * 异步基于post的文件上传,单文件且携带其他form参数上传 * * @param url * @param callback * @param file * @param fileKey * @param params * @throws IOException */ private voID _postAsyn(String url,request); } /** * 异步下载文件 * * @param url * @param destfileDir 本地文件存储的文件夹 * @param callback */ private voID _downloadAsyn(final String url,final String destfileDir,final ResultCallback callback) { final Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .build(); final Call call = mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request); call.enqueue(new Callback() { @OverrIDe public voID onFailure(final Request request,final IOException e) { sendFailedStringCallback(request,e,callback); } @OverrIDe public voID onResponse(Response response) { inputStream is = null; byte[] buf = new byte[2048]; int len = 0; fileOutputStream fos = null; try { is = response.body().byteStream(); file file = new file(destfileDir,getfilename(url)); fos = new fileOutputStream(file); while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1) { fos.write(buf,len); } fos.flush(); //如果下载文件成功,第一个参数为文件的绝对路径 sendSuccessResultCallback(file.getabsolutePath(),callback); } catch (IOException e) { sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(),callback); } finally { try { if (is != null) is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { } try { if (fos != null) fos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { } } } }); } private String getfilename(String path) { int separatorIndex = path.lastIndexOf("/"); return (separatorIndex < 0) ? path : path.substring(separatorIndex + 1,path.length()); } /** * 加载图片 * * @param vIEw * @param url * @throws IOException */ private voID _displayImage(final ImageVIEw vIEw,final String url,final int errorResID) { final Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .build(); Call call = mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request); call.enqueue(new Callback() { @OverrIDe public voID onFailure(Request request,IOException e) { setErrorResID(vIEw,errorResID); } @OverrIDe public voID onResponse(Response response) { inputStream is = null; try { is = response.body().byteStream(); ImageUtils.ImageSize actualimageSize = ImageUtils.getimageSize(is); ImageUtils.ImageSize imageVIEwSize = ImageUtils.getimageVIEwSize(vIEw); int inSampleSize = ImageUtils.calculateInSampleSize(actualimageSize,imageVIEwSize); try { is.reset(); } catch (IOException e) { response = _getAsyn(url); is = response.body().byteStream(); } BitmapFactory.Options ops = new BitmapFactory.Options(); ops.inJustDecodeBounds = false; ops.inSampleSize = inSampleSize; final Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is,null,ops); mDelivery.post(new Runnable() { @OverrIDe public voID run() { vIEw.setimageBitmap(bm); } }); } catch (Exception e) { setErrorResID(vIEw,errorResID); } finally { if (is != null) try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } } }); } private voID setErrorResID(final ImageVIEw vIEw,final int errorResID) { mDelivery.post(new Runnable() { @OverrIDe public voID run() { vIEw.setimageResource(errorResID); } }); } //*************对外公布的方法************ public static Response getAsyn(String url) throws IOException { return getInstance()._getAsyn(url); } public static String getAsstring(String url) throws IOException { return getInstance()._getAsstring(url); } public static voID getAsyn(String url,ResultCallback callback) { getInstance()._getAsyn(url,callback); } public static Response post(String url,Param... params) throws IOException { return getInstance()._post(url,params); } public static String postAsstring(String url,Param... params) throws IOException { return getInstance()._postAsstring(url,params); } public static voID postAsyn(String url,Param... params) { getInstance()._postAsyn(url,callback,params); } public static voID postAsyn(String url,String> params) { getInstance()._postAsyn(url,params); } public static Response post(String url,params); } public static Response post(String url,String fileKey) throws IOException { return getInstance()._post(url,fileKey); } public static Response post(String url,fileKey,Param... params) throws IOException { getInstance()._postAsyn(url,String fileKey) throws IOException { getInstance()._postAsyn(url,fileKey); } public static voID postAsyn(String url,params); } public static voID displayImage(final ImageVIEw vIEw,String url,int errorResID) throws IOException { getInstance()._displayImage(vIEw,url,errorResID); } public static voID displayImage(final ImageVIEw vIEw,String url) { getInstance()._displayImage(vIEw,-1); } public static voID downloadAsyn(String url,String destDir,ResultCallback callback) { getInstance()._downloadAsyn(url,destDir,callback); } //**************************** private Request buildMultipartFormRequest(String url,Param[] params) { params = valIDateParam(params); MultipartBuilder builder = new MultipartBuilder() .type(MultipartBuilder.FORM); for (Param param : params) { builder.addPart(headers.of("Content-disposition","form-data; name=\"" + param.key + "\""),param.value)); } if (files != null) { Requestbody fileBody = null; for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { file file = files[i]; String filename = file.getname(); fileBody = Requestbody.create(MediaType.parse(guessMimeType(filename)),file); //Todo 根据文件名设置ContentType builder.addPart(headers.of("Content-disposition","form-data; name=\"" + fileKeys[i] + "\"; filename=\"" + filename + "\""),fileBody); } } Requestbody requestbody = builder.build(); return new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestbody) .build(); } private String guessMimeType(String path) { filenameMap filenameMap = URLConnection.getfilenameMap(); String ContentTypeFor = filenameMap.getContentTypeFor(path); if (ContentTypeFor == null) { ContentTypeFor = "application/octet-stream"; } return ContentTypeFor; } private Param[] valIDateParam(Param[] params) { if (params == null) return new Param[0]; else return params; } private Param[] map2Params(Map<String,String> params) { if (params == null) return new Param[0]; int size = params.size(); Param[] res = new Param[size]; Set<Map.Entry<String,String>> entrIEs = params.entrySet(); int i = 0; for (Map.Entry<String,String> entry : entrIEs) { res[i++] = new Param(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue()); } return res; } private static final String SESSION_KEY = "Set-cookie"; private static final String mSessionKey = "JsESSIONID"; private Map<String,String> mSessions = new HashMap<String,String>(); private voID deliveryResult(final ResultCallback callback,Request request) { mOkhttpClIEnt.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() { @OverrIDe public voID onFailure(final Request request,callback); } @OverrIDe public voID onResponse(final Response response) { try { final String string = response.body().string(); if (callback.mType == String.class) { sendSuccessResultCallback(string,callback); } else { Object o = mGson.fromJson(string,callback.mType); sendSuccessResultCallback(o,callback); } } catch (IOException e) { sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(),callback); } catch (com.Google.gson.JsonParseException e)//Json解析的错误 { sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(),callback); } } }); } private voID sendFailedStringCallback(final Request request,final Exception e,final ResultCallback callback) { mDelivery.post(new Runnable() { @OverrIDe public voID run() { if (callback != null) callback.onError(request,e); } }); } private voID sendSuccessResultCallback(final Object object,final ResultCallback callback) { mDelivery.post(new Runnable() { @OverrIDe public voID run() { if (callback != null) { callback.onResponse(object); } } }); } private Request buildPostRequest(String url,Param[] params) { if (params == null) { params = new Param[0]; } FormEnCodingBuilder builder = new FormEnCodingBuilder(); for (Param param : params) { builder.add(param.key,param.value); } Requestbody requestbody = builder.build(); return new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestbody) .build(); } public static abstract class ResultCallback<T> { Type mType; public ResultCallback() { mType = getSuperclasstypeParameter(getClass()); } static Type getSuperclasstypeParameter(Class<?> subclass) { Type superclass = subclass.getGenericSuperclass(); if (superclass instanceof Class) { throw new RuntimeException("Missing type parameter."); } ParameterizedType parameterized = (ParameterizedType) superclass; return $Gson$Types.canonicalize(parameterized.getActualTypeArguments()[0]); } public abstract voID onError(Request request,Exception e); public abstract voID onResponse(T response); } public static class Param { public param() { } public Param(String key,String value) { this.key = key; this.value = value; } String key; String value; }}
源码地址:demo下载http://xiazai.jb51.net/201611/yuanma/okhttputils-master_jb51.zip
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