可以分三步来做：
做两个简单的守护进程，并能正常运行
监控进程是否在运行
启动进程
综合起来就可以了，代码如下：
被监控进程thisisatest.c（来自http://www.cnblogs.com/ringwang/p/3528093.html）：
#include<unistd.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/param.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<time.h>
void init_daemon()
{
int pid
int i
pid=fork()
if(pid<0)
exit(1) //创建错误，退出
else if(pid>0) //父进程退出
exit(0)
setsid()//使子进程成为组长
pid=fork()
if(pid>0)
exit(0)//再次退出，使进程不是组长，这样进程就不会打开控制终端
else if(pid<0)
exit(1)
//关闭进程打开的文件句柄
for(i=0i<NOFILEi++)
close(i)
chdir("/root/test") //改变目录
umask(0)//重设文件创建的掩码
return
}
void main()
{
FILE *fp
time_t t
init_daemon()
while(1)
{
sleep(60)//等待一分钟再写入
fp=fopen("testfork2.log","a")
if(fp>=0)
{
time(&t)
fprintf(fp,"current time is:%s\n",asctime(localtime(&t))) //转换为本地时间输出
fclose(fp)
}
}
return
}
监控进程monitor.c：
#include<unistd.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/param.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<limits.h>
#define BUFSZ 150
void init_daemon()
{
int pid
int i
pid=fork()
if(pid<0)
exit(1) //创建错误，退出
else if(pid>0) //父进程退出
exit(0)
setsid()//使子进程成为组长
pid=fork()
if(pid>0)
exit(0)//再次退出，使进程不是组长，这样进程就不会打开控制终端
else if(pid<0)
exit(1)
//关闭进程打开的文件句柄
for(i=0i<NOFILEi++)
close(i)
chdir("/root/test") //改变目录
umask(0)//重设文件创建的掩码
return
}
void err_quit(char *msg)
{
perror(msg)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
// 判断程序是否在运行
int does_service_work()
{
FILE* fp
int count
char buf[BUFSZ]
char command[150]
sprintf(command, "ps -ef | grep thisisatest | grep -v grep | wc -l" )
if((fp = popen(command,"r")) == NULL)
err_quit("popen")
if( (fgets(buf,BUFSZ,fp))!= NULL )
{
count = atoi(buf)
}
pclose(fp)
return count
// exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)
}
void main()
{
FILE *fp
time_t t
int count
init_daemon()
while(1)
{
sleep(10)//等待一分钟再写入
fp=fopen("testfork3.log","a")
if(fp>=0)
{
count = does_service_work()
time(&t)
if(count>0)
fprintf(fp,"current time is:%s and the process exists, the count is %d\n",asctime(localtime(&t)), count) //转换为本地时间输出
else
{
fprintf(fp,"current time is:%s and the process does not exist, restart it!\n",asctime(localtime(&t))) //转换为本地时间输出
system("/home/user/daemon/thisisatest")//启动服务
}
fclose(fp)
}
}
return
}
具体CMD命令：
cc thisisatest.c -o thisisatest
./thisisatest
cc monitor.c -o monitor
./monitor
tail -f testfork3.log -- 查看日志
#include <stdio.h>main()
{
int i,r,p1,p2,fd[2]
char buf[50],s[50]
pipe(fd)//创建匿名管道，fd[0]为读端，fd[1]为写端
while((p1=fork())==-1)//创建子进程P1，直至成功为止（p1!=-1）
if(p1==0) //子进程P1执行逻辑
{
lockf(fd[1],1,0)//锁定管道写端，保证写入数据的完整性
sprintf(buf,"child process P1 is sending messages!\n") //在buf中填入准备写入管道的信息数据
printf("child processP1!\n")//打印“子进程P1正在运行”
write(fd[1],buf,50)//向管道写端fd[1]写入buf中的数据，写完后该数据即可以从读端fd[0]读出
sleep(5)//睡眠5秒
lockf(fd[1],0,0)//解锁管道写端
exit(0)//子进程P1退出
}
else //主进程的执行逻辑
{
while((p2=fork())==-1)//创建第二个子进程P2
if(p2==0) //子进程P2的执行逻辑
{
lockf(fd[1],1,0)//锁定管道写端，保证数据写入完整
sprintf(buf,"child process P2 is sending messages!\n")//在buf中填入准备写入管道的信息数据
printf("child processP2!\n")//打印“子进程P2正在运行”
write(fd[1],buf,50) //向管道写端fd[1]写入buf中的数据，写完后该数据即可从读端fd[0]读出
sleep(5) //睡眠5秒
lockf(fd[1],0,0) //解锁管道写端
exit(0)//子进程P2退出
}
//以下为主进程执行逻辑
wait(0)//等待某个子进程退出
if(r=read(fd[0],s,50)==-1) //从管道读端fd[0]读取P1或者P2写入的数据（视哪个子进程抢先执行到lockf函数）
{
printf(:can't read pipe\n") //读取失败，打印错误信息
}
else
{
printf(:%s\n",s)//打印出读到的信息数据
}
wait(0)//等待第二个子进程退出
if(r=read(fd[0],s,50)==-1) //从管道读端fd[0]读取出P1或者P2写入的数据（视哪个子进程后执行到lockf函数）
{
printf(:can't read pipe\n")//读取失败，打印错误信息
}
else
{
printf(:%s\n",s)//打印读取到的信息数据
}
exit(0)//主进程退出
}
}
总的说来，就是主进程创建了两个子进程P1、P2，这两个子进程分别向管道写入了一行文字，然后主进程从管道另一端将这两行文字读出并打印出来
由于进程的并发执行性，哪个子进程的信息先写到管道是随机的，因此该程序每次运行的输出可能并不相同，两行文字之间可能会相互交换
linux中的进程通信分为三个部分：低级通信，管道通信和进程间通信IPC（inter process communication）。linux的低级通信主要用来传递进程的控制信号——文件锁和软中断信号机制。linux的进程间通信IPC有三个部分——①信号量，②共享内存和③消息队列。以下是我编写的linux进程通信的C语言实现代码。 *** 作系统为redhat9.0，编辑器为vi，编译器采用gcc。下面所有实现代码均已经通过测试，运行无误。
一.低级通信--信号通信
signal.c
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
/*捕捉到信号sig之后，执行预先预定的动作函数*/
void sig_alarm(int sig)
{
printf("---the signal received is %d. /n", sig)
signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL)//SIGINT终端中断信号，SIG_DFL：恢复默认行为，SIN_IGN：忽略信号
}
int main()
{
signal(SIGINT, sig_alarm)//捕捉终端中断信号
while(1)
{
printf("waiting here!/n")
sleep(1)
}
return 0
}
二.管道通信
pipe.c
#include <stdio.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 30
int main()
{
int x
int fd[2]
char buf[BUFFER_SIZE]
char s[BUFFER_SIZE]
pipe(fd)//创建管道
while((x=fork())==-1)//创建管道失败时，进入循环
/*进入子进程，子进程向管道中写入一个字符串*/
if(x==0)
{
sprintf(buf,"This is an example of pipe!/n")
write(fd[1],buf,BUFFER_SIZE)
exit(0)
}
/*进入父进程，父进程从管道的另一端读出刚才写入的字符串*/
else
{
wait(0)//等待子进程结束
read(fd[0],s,BUFFER_SIZE)//读出字符串，并将其储存在char s[]中
printf("%s",s)//打印字符串
}
return 0
}
三.进程间通信——IPC
①信号量通信
sem.c
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
/*联合体变量*/
union semun
{
int val//信号量初始值
struct semid_ds *buf
unsigned short int *array
struct seminfo *__buf
}
/*函数声明，信号量定义*/
static int set_semvalue(void)//设置信号量
static void del_semvalue(void)//删除信号量
static int semaphore_p(void) //执行P *** 作
static int semaphore_v(void) //执行V *** 作
static int sem_id//信号量标识符
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i
int pause_time
char op_char = 'O'
srand((unsigned int)getpid())
sem_id = semget((key_t)1234, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT)//创建一个信号量,IPC_CREAT表示创建一个新的信号量
/*如果有参数，设置信号量，修改字符*/
if (argc >1)
{
if (!set_semvalue())
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize semaphore/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
op_char = 'X'
sleep(5)
}
for(i = 0i <10i++)
{
/*执行P *** 作*/
if (!semaphore_p())
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
printf("%c", op_char)
fflush(stdout)
pause_time = rand() % 3
sleep(pause_time)
printf("%c", op_char)
fflush(stdout)
/*执行V *** 作*/
if (!semaphore_v())
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
pause_time = rand() % 2
sleep(pause_time)
}
printf("/n%d - finished/n", getpid())
if (argc >1)
{
sleep(10)
del_semvalue()//删除信号量
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)
}
/*设置信号量*/
static int set_semvalue(void)
{
union semun sem_union
sem_union.val = 1
if (semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, sem_union) == -1)
return(0)
return(1)
}
/*删除信号量*/
static void del_semvalue(void)
{
union semun sem_union
if (semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID, sem_union) == -1)
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to delete semaphore/n")
}
/*执行P *** 作*/
static int semaphore_p(void)
{
struct sembuf sem_b
sem_b.sem_num = 0
sem_b.sem_op = -1/* P() */
sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO
if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "semaphore_p failed/n")
return(0)
}
return(1)
}
/*执行V *** 作*/
static int semaphore_v(void)
{
struct sembuf sem_b
sem_b.sem_num = 0
sem_b.sem_op = 1/* V() */
sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO
if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "semaphore_v failed/n")
return(0)
}
return(1)
}
②消息队列通信
send.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#define MAX_TEXT 512
/*用于消息收发的结构体--my_msg_type：消息类型，some_text：消息正文*/
struct my_msg_st
{
long int my_msg_type
char some_text[MAX_TEXT]
}
int main()
{
int running = 1//程序运行标识符
struct my_msg_st some_data
int msgid//消息队列标识符
char buffer[BUFSIZ]
/*创建与接受者相同的消息队列*/
msgid = msgget((key_t)1234, 0666 | IPC_CREAT)
if (msgid == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "msgget failed with error: %d/n", errno)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
/*向消息队列中发送消息*/
while(running)
{
printf("Enter some text: ")
fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ, stdin)
some_data.my_msg_type = 1
strcpy(some_data.some_text, buffer)
if (msgsnd(msgid, (void *)&some_data, MAX_TEXT, 0) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "msgsnd failed/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
if (strncmp(buffer, "end", 3) == 0)
{
running = 0
}
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)
}
receive.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
/*用于消息收发的结构体--my_msg_type：消息类型，some_text：消息正文*/
struct my_msg_st
{
long int my_msg_type
char some_text[BUFSIZ]
}
int main()
{
int running = 1//程序运行标识符
int msgid//消息队列标识符
struct my_msg_st some_data
long int msg_to_receive = 0//接收消息的类型--0表示msgid队列上的第一个消息
/*创建消息队列*/
msgid = msgget((key_t)1234, 0666 | IPC_CREAT)
if (msgid == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "msgget failed with error: %d/n", errno)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
/*接收消息*/
while(running)
{
if (msgrcv(msgid, (void *)&some_data, BUFSIZ,msg_to_receive, 0) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "msgrcv failed with error: %d/n", errno)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
printf("You wrote: %s", some_data.some_text)
if (strncmp(some_data.some_text, "end", 3) == 0)
{
running = 0
}
}
/*删除消息队列*/
if (msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, 0) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "msgctl(IPC_RMID) failed/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)
}
③共享内存通信
share.h
#define TEXT_SZ 2048 //申请共享内存大小
struct shared_use_st
{
int written_by_you//written_by_you为1时表示有数据写入，为0时表示数据已经被消费者提走
char some_text[TEXT_SZ]
}
producer.c
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include "share.h"
int main()
{
int running = 1//程序运行标志位
void *shared_memory = (void *)0
struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff
char buffer[BUFSIZ]
int shmid//共享内存标识符
/*创建共享内存*/
shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(struct shared_use_st), 0666 | IPC_CREAT)
if (shmid == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
/*将共享内存连接到一个进程的地址空间中*/
shared_memory = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0)//指向共享内存第一个字节的指针
if (shared_memory == (void *)-1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
printf("Memory attached at %X/n", (int)shared_memory)
shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_st *)shared_memory
/*生产者写入数据*/
while(running)
{
while(shared_stuff->written_by_you == 1)
{
sleep(1)
printf("waiting for client.../n")
}
printf("Enter some text: ")
fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ, stdin)
strncpy(shared_stuff->some_text, buffer, TEXT_SZ)
shared_stuff->written_by_you = 1
if (strncmp(buffer, "end", 3) == 0)
{
running = 0
}
}
/*该函数用来将共享内存从当前进程中分离,仅使得当前进程不再能使用该共享内存*/
if (shmdt(shared_memory) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
printf("producer exit./n")
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)
}
customer.c
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include "share.h"
int main()
{
int running = 1//程序运行标志位
void *shared_memory = (void *)0
struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff
int shmid//共享内存标识符
srand((unsigned int)getpid())
/*创建共享内存*/
shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(struct shared_use_st), 0666 | IPC_CREAT)
if (shmid == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
/*将共享内存连接到一个进程的地址空间中*/
shared_memory = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0)//指向共享内存第一个字节的指针
if (shared_memory == (void *)-1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
printf("Memory attached at %X/n", (int)shared_memory)
shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_st *)shared_memory
shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0
/*消费者读取数据*/
while(running)
{
if (shared_stuff->written_by_you)
{
printf("You wrote: %s", shared_stuff->some_text)
sleep( rand() % 4 )
shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0
if (strncmp(shared_stuff->some_text, "end", 3) == 0)
{
running = 0
}
}
}
/*该函数用来将共享内存从当前进程中分离,仅使得当前进程不再能使用该共享内存*/
if (shmdt(shared_memory) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
/*将共享内存删除,所有进程均不能再访问该共享内存*/
if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "shmctl(IPC_RMID) failed/n")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)
}
摘自：http://blog.csdn.net/piaojun_pj/article/details/5943736
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