如何在uboot中添加驱动程序_IT百科

Author：杨正date：2016.9.21

目的

在u-boot中添加驱动程序。

详细举例介绍

在uboot中 *** 作寄存器，实现对gpio及外围设备的控制有两种方法，一种是直接在arch/arm/lib/board.c中添加对寄存器的 *** 作代码，如：

#define muxctrl_reg50x200f0014#define GPIO6_DIR 0x201a0400#define GPIO6_1_DATA0x201a0008 #define GPIO6_1 (1 <<1)#define readl(addr) (*(volatile unsigned int*)(addr))#define writel(val, addr) ((*(volatile unsigned int *) (addr)) = (val)) int clear_irled(void){unsigned int reg_valreg_val = writel(0, muxctrl_reg5)// set gpio modereg_val = readl(GPIO6_DIR) reg_val |= GPIO6_1 writel(reg_val, GPIO6_DIR)reg_val = readl(GPIO6_1_DATA) reg_val &= ~GPIO6_1 writel(reg_val, GPIO6_1_DATA)return 0}void start_armboot (void){init_fnc_t **init_fnc_ptr char *s#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_SLAVEchar *e#endif#if defined(CONFIG_VFD) || defined(CONFIG_LCD)unsigned long addr#endif #ifdef CONFIG_HI3516A // defined in the include/configs/hi3516a.hclear_irled() // clear ir led, add by yangzheng 2016.9.21#endif

来自CODE的代码片

snippet_file_0.txt

另一种方法：

1、在driver/下新建hi_gpio目录，如：

[yangzheng@centos6 hi_gpio]$ ls

hi_gpio.c Makefile

hi_gpio.c内容如下：

[yangzheng@centos6 hi_gpio]$ cat hi_gpio.c/********************************************************************************** Copyright: (C) 2016 Yang Zheng<Zheng.yang@avatarcontrols.com> * All rights reserved.** Filename: hi_gpio.c*Description: This file* *Version: 1.0.0(09/21/2016~)* Author: Yang Zheng <zheng.yang@avatarcontrols.com>* ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "09/21/2016 05:41:41 PM"* ********************************************************************************/#include<common.h>#define readl(addr) (*(volatile unsigned int *) (addr))#define writel(val, addr) (*(volatile unsigned int *) (addr) = (val)) #define muxctrl_reg5 0x200f0014#define GPIO6_DIR 0x201a0400#define GPIO6_1_DATA0x201a0008#define GPIO6_1 1 <<1#define REG_SET 1#define REG_CLR 0 #ifdef DEBUG#define DPRINTF(args...) printf(args)#else#define DPRINTF(args...)#endif int clear_irled(void){unsigned int reg_valreg_val = writel(REG_CLR, muxctrl_reg5)// set gpio modereg_val = readl(GPIO6_DIR) reg_val |= GPIO6_1 writel(reg_val, GPIO6_DIR)writel(REG_CLR, GPIO6_1_DATA) DPRINTF("clear ir led...\n")return 0}

来自CODE的代码片

snippet_file_0.txt

Makefile如下（可以拷贝driver目录下的各模块模板）：

[yangzheng@centos6 hi_gpio]$ cat Makefile## Copyright 2000-2008# Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.## See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this# project.## This program is free softwareyou can redistribute it and/or# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as# published by the Free Software Foundationeither version 2 of# the License, or (at your option) any later version.## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTYwithout even the implied warranty of# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the# GNU General Public License for more details.## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License# along with this programif not, write to the Free Software# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,# MA 02111-1307 USA# include $(TOPDIR)/config.mk LIB := $(obj)libhi_gpio.a COBJS-$(CONFIG_HI3516A_GPIO)+= hi_gpio.o COBJS := $(COBJS-y)SRCS:= $(COBJS:.o=.c)OBJS:= $(addprefix $(obj),$(COBJS)) all:$(LIB) $(LIB): $(obj).depend $(OBJS)$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $(OBJS) ######################################################################### # defines $(obj).depend targetinclude $(SRCTREE)/rules.mk sinclude $(obj).depend ########################################################################

来自CODE的代码片

snippet_file_0.txt

2、在顶层Makefile添加如下代码：

LIBS += drivers/hi_gpio/libhi_gpio.a

3、在include/configs/hi3516a.h中添加如下代码：

#define CONFIG_HI3516A_GPIO

在include下增加hi_gpio.h文件，内容如下：

[yangzheng@centos6 u-boot-2010.06]$ cat include/hi_gpio.h/******************************************************************************** * Copyright: (C) 2016 Yang Zheng<Zheng.yang@avatarcontrols.com>* All rights reserved. * * Filename: hi_gpio.h *Description: This head file is control hisi gpio * *Version: 1.0.0(09/21/2016~) * Author: Yang Zheng <zheng.yang@avatarcontrols.com>* ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "09/21/2016 06:09:49 PM" * ********************************************************************************/#ifndef __HI_GPIO_H__#define __HI_GPIO_H__ extern int clear_irled(void)#endif

来自CODE的代码片

snippet_file_0.txt

4、在arch/arm/lib/board.c 里面调用即可，如：

[yangzheng@centos6 u-boot-2010.06]$ vim arch/arm/lib/board.c void start_armboot (void){init_fnc_t **init_fnc_ptr char *s#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_SLAVEchar *e#endif#if defined(CONFIG_VFD) || defined(CONFIG_LCD)unsigned long addr#endif #ifdef CONFIG_HI3516A_GPIO clear_irled() // clear ir led, add by yangzheng 2016.9.21#endif……

来自CODE的代码片

snippet_file_0.txt

重新编译即可，调试uboot的方法：

如果设备有网口，可用tftp服务下载：

sf probe 0

mw.b 82000000 ff 0x80000

tftp 82000000 u-boot.bin

Go 82000000

如果没有网口，可用串口下载：

sf probe 0

mw.b 82000000 ff 0x80000

loady 82000000 u-boot.bin

go 82000000

移植步骤：

1.修改根目录的Makefile中的ARCH=arm，CROSS-COMPILE=arm-linux-

2.在arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c中，将163行的s3c24xx_init_clocks(16934400)改为s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000)。

3.修改arch/arm/tools/mach-types中379行的362改为168，因为uboot中定义的机器码是168.

4.修改arch/arm/boot/中的Makefile文件，在58行添加@cp -f arch/arm/boot/zImage zImage.bin，实现把生成的zImage文件复制到内核源码根目录下。

5.在根目录的Makefile的1164行添加rm -f zImage.bin，使得在执行make distclean在清除产生的文件的同时，把内核根目录下的zImage也清除。

6.修改arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c中111行的static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[]的nandflash分区为：

[0] = {

.name = "Andy_uboot",

.offset = 0x00000000,

.size = 0x00040000,

[1] = {

.name = "Andy_kernel",

.offset = 0x00200000,

.size = 0x00200000,

[2] = {

.name = "Andy_yaffs2",

.offset = 0x00400000,

.size = 0x0FB80000,

}

7.修改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c中的839行为chip->ecc.mode=NAND_ECC_NONE

8.修改arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c中100行为.ulcon = 0x03。

9.在drivers/serial/samsung.c的51行添加

#include

在433行添加：

if (port->line == 2) {

s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPH(6), S3C2410_GPH6_TXD2)

s3c2410_gpio_pullup(S3C2410_GPH(6), 1)

s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPH(7), S3C2410_GPH7_RXD2)

s3c2410_gpio_pullup(S3C2410_GPH(7), 1)

}

10.用git工具下载最新的yaffs2源代码。

具体为在终端输入git clonegit://www.aleph1.co.uk/yaffs2下载最新的yaffs2，下

载完成给内核打补丁，进入yaffs目录，执行

./patch-kernel.sh c m opt/Andy/linux-2.6.38（以自己的内核目录为准）,其中的c代表复制，m代表复合类型。

11.用make menuconfig配置linux内核。

12.执行make zImage，将生成的zImage.bin下载到TQ2440。

13.制作文件系统。

解压busybox-1.18.4.tar.bz2，修改busybox-1.18.4中的Makefile，在164行和190行分别修改为CROSS-COMPILE=arm-linux-和ARCH=arm。执行make，然后在执行make install。将生成_install复制到根目录，添加文件系统文件，用天嵌提供的mkyaffs2image生成root.bin的可执行文件，下载到开发板。

14.启动开发板，打印信息如下：

Start Linux ...

Copy linux kernel from 0x00200000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x00200000 ... Copy Kernel to SDRAM done,NOW, Booting Linux......

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.

Linux version 2.6.38-Andy (root@Andy) (gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-176) ) #15 Fri Apr 8 20:21:42 CST 2011

CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177

CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache

Machine: Andy's TQ2440 development board!

ATAG_INITRD is deprecatedplease update your bootloader.

Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback

CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)

S3C244X: core 400.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz

CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on

Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256

Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0

PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)

Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

Memory: 64MB = 64MB total

Memory: 60896k/60896k available, 4640k reserved, 0K highmem

Virtual kernel memory layout:

vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)

fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)

DMA : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000 ( 2 MB)

vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xf6000000 ( 792 MB)

lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000 ( 64 MB)

modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16 MB)

.init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0025000 ( 116 kB)

.text : 0xc0025000 - 0xc0399000 (3536 kB)

.data : 0xc039a000 - 0xc03bac40 ( 132 kB)

SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1

NR_IRQS:85

irq: clearing pending ext status 00080000

irq: clearing subpending status 00000003

irq: clearing subpending status 00000002

Console: colour dummy device 80x30

console [ttySAC0] enabled

Calibrating delay loop... 199.47 BogoMIPS (lpj=498688)

pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301

Mount-cache hash table entries: 512

CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok

gpiochip_add: gpios 288..303 (GPIOK) failed to register

gpiochip_add: gpios 320..334 (GPIOL) failed to register

gpiochip_add: gpios 352..353 (GPIOM) failed to register

NET: Registered protocol family 16

S3C2440: Initialising architecture

S3C2440: IRQ Support

DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33

DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34

DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35

DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36

S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off

bio: create slab at 0

SCSI subsystem initialized

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs

usbcore: registered new interface driver hub

usbcore: registered new device driver usb

s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10

s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 97 KHz

s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.23.

cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain

NET: Registered protocol family 2

IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)

TCP reno registered

UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

NET: Registered protocol family 1

RPC: Registered udp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.

msgmni has been set to 118

io scheduler noop registered (default)

s3c2440-uart.0: ttySAC0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440

s3c2440-uart.1: ttySAC1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440

s3c2440-uart.2: ttySAC2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440

loop: module loaded

s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=2, 20ns Twrph0=6 60ns, Twrph1=2 20ns

s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: NAND ECC disabled

NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)

NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!

Scanning device for bad blocks

Bad eraseblock 62 at 0x0000007c0000

Bad eraseblock 1435 at 0x00000b360000

cmdlinepart partition parsing not available

Creating 3 MTD partitions on "NAND":

0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "Andy_uboot"

0x000000200000-0x000000400000 : "Andy_kernel"

0x000000400000-0x00000ff80000 : "Andy_yaffs2"

dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31

Now use the default MAC address: 10:23:45:67:89:ab

eth0: dm9000e at c4810000,c4814004 IRQ 51 MAC: 10:23:45:67:89:ab (EmbedSky)

ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver

s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI

s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1

s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000

usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001

usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1

usb usb1: Product: S3C24XX OHCI

usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.38-Andy ohci_hcd

usb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xx

hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found

hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected

Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...

usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage

USB Mass Storage support registered.

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial

usbserial: USB Serial Driver core

USB Serial support registered for pl2303

usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303

pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver

s3c2410_udc: debugfs dir creation failed -19

mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

s3c-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling

s3c-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0

i2c /dev entries driver

s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid

usbhid: USB HID core driver

ALSA device list:

No soundcards found.

TCP cubic registered

lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers

s3c-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2000-01-02 00:47:19 UTC (946774039)

yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2" rw

yaffs: passed flags ""

VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31:2.

Freeing init memory: 116K

Please press Enter to activate this console.

移植过程中产生的问题及其解决方法将在下一节说明。还有一些驱动没有移植。继续努力！

在移植linux2.6.38过程中，遇见了很多的问题，通过在网上查阅相关信息和在图书馆不停的查阅资料，终于成功了。下面将移植过程中产生的问题及其解放方法与大家共享一下。

1、编译内核时yaffs2出现unknown field 'clear_inode' specified in initializer的

错误，原因是所下载的yaffs2不支持linux2.6.38.

解决方法：最新的yaffs2采用git发布，所以采用git工具下载最新的yaffs2源代码。

具体为在终端输入git clonegit://www.aleph1.co.uk/yaffs2下载最新的yaffs2，下

载完成给内核打补丁，进入yaffs目录，执行

./patch-ker.sh c m opt/Andy/linux-2.6.38（以自己的内核目录为准）,其中的c代表复制，m代表复合类型。

2、移植linux内核到开发板后，出现data abort的错误，错误原因为内核大小超过了2M，

天嵌的Uboot只分配给内核2M的空间，所以报错。

解决方法：精简内核，使其小于2M。或者修改Uboot，是内核大小大于2M。

所以个人认为天嵌的Uboot值得改进，下一步我将移植Uboot，用自己的Uboot就不存在这个问题了。嘿嘿

3.移植内核时，出现Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel后，系统不能启动，网上好多人说是因为在menuconfig选项中的Boot options中的Default kernel command string中没有设置noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0 rootfs=yaffs2 rw。其实不用设置这个参数也可以，我采用在内核配置文件中将Kernel Feature/Provide old way to pass kernel parameters选上就行了，因为天嵌用的bootloader太老了，从打印的内核信息中就可以看出。（ATAG_INITRD is deprecatedplease update your bootloader.）

4.内核启动时，出现Failed to execute /linuxrc的错误，原因是:

(1)文件系统中没有包含linuxrc的可执行文件。在文件系统中添加linuxrc就可完成linux的启动。

(2)在/driver/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c中将chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_SOFT改为chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_NONE并在配置内核中将Samsung S3C NAND Hardware ECC选项删掉。

这个问题纠结了我好久，我遇见这个问题后，先尝试用nfs挂载，能够挂载上，所以我确定肯定是nandflash出了问题了，以为nandflash坏了（因为被我不停的擦写，嘿嘿），后来用天嵌自带的镜像试了是好的，我就明白了，估计是我的nand驱动有问题了，仔细检查驱动，发现内核配置中的Samsung S3C NAND Hardware ECC没有去掉，，一个小小的问题折磨了我这么久。所以一定一定要仔细啊。

5.编译串口驱动是出现error: implicit declaration of function 's3c2410_gpio_cfgpin'的错误，是因为内核版本2.6.38的内核定义s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin是在linux/gpio.h中，所以添加#include 后即可。

6.编译串口驱动是出现error: 'S3C2410_GPH6' undeclared (first use in this function)是因为在内核版本2.6.38的内核定义s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin的函数变量采用的是S3C2410_GPH(6)，而非S3C2410_GPH6，将其改为S3C2410_GPH(6)即可解决问题。

7.linux内核2.6.38的串口程序samsung.c在/driver/tty/serial中。这里与原来的内核版本不一致。这个要注意，内核版本改了，接口也改了，我当时找不到samsung.c，然后通过find命令一看，晕，原来在这里面。

8.在添加yaffs2内核支持时，找不到Kconfig，复制Yaffs2文件夹中的Kconfig_muti到linux内核的fs/yaffs2中，并将Kconfig_muti修改为Kconfig。

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原文地址: http://outofmemory.cn/bake/11965068.html

如何在uboot中添加驱动程序

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