剑桥大学诺贝尔奖

剑桥大学诺贝尔奖

　　立思辰留学360分析到，诺贝尔奖是首个每年一次的国际奖项，自1901年来每年都会授予在物理，医学，化学，和平和文学方面取得的成就的人。剑桥大学成员由于很多显著的成就被授予诺贝尔奖，如DNA结构的发现，国民收入会计系统和史诗与叙事心里艺术研究，青霉素的发现。

　　剑桥大学的附属机构比其他任何机构获得诺贝奖都要多。

　　自1904年以来，剑桥大学共有88个附属机构获得了诺贝尔奖，奖项涉及了各个领域：29个诺贝尔物理奖，25个诺贝尔医学奖，21个诺贝尔化学奖，9个诺贝尔经济奖，2个诺贝尔文学奖和1个诺贝尔和平奖。剑桥大学各个学院当中，三一学院获得诺贝尔奖人数最多，共有32位。DorthyHodgkin是剑桥首位诺贝尔奖女性获得者，她致力于用于抵抗贫血症的化合物结构的研究。1950年，Bertrandrussel的《西方哲学史）使其成为了剑桥首位诺贝尔文学奖获得者。历史上仅有4人曾两次获得诺贝尔奖，来自圣约翰和国王学院的FrederickSanger便是其中之一，分别在1958年1980年获得诺贝尔化学奖。

英国剑桥大学的诺贝尔奖得主：

1904 Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh)
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for discovering Argon 诺贝尔物理学奖，发现氩

1906 JJ Thomson
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for investigating the electrical conductivity of gases 诺贝尔物理学奖 1908 Ernest Rutherford
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for atomic structure and radioactivity 诺贝尔化学奖 1915 William Bragg
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics for analysing crystal structure using X-rays 诺贝尔物理学奖 1915 Lawrence Bragg
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for analysing crystal structure using X-rays 诺贝尔物理学奖 1917 Charles Barkla
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for discovering the characteristics of X-radiation 诺贝尔物理学奖 1922 Niels Bohr
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for investigating atomic structure and radiation 诺贝尔物理学奖 1922 Francis Aston
Trinity College 圣三一学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for work on mass spectroscopy诺贝尔化学奖 1922 Archibald Hill
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for work on heat production in the muscles 诺贝尔医学奖 1925 Austen Chamberlain
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Peace, for work on the Locarno Pact 诺贝尔和平奖 1927 Charles Wilson
Sidney Sussex College
Nobel Prize in Physics, for inventing the cloud chamber诺贝尔物理学奖
1927 Arthur Holly Compton
Nobel Prize in Physics, for discovering wavelength change in diffused X-rays 诺贝尔物理学奖 1928 Owen Richardson
Trinity College圣三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for creating Richardson's Law 诺贝尔物理学奖，创建理查森定律 1929 Frederick Hopkins
Trinity / Emmanuel Colleges
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for discovering growth stimulating vitamins诺贝尔医学奖 1932 Lord Adrian
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for work on the function of neurons 诺贝尔医学奖 1932 Charles Sherrington
Caius College凯斯学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for work on the function of neurons 诺贝尔医学奖 1933 Paul Dirac
St John's College
Nobel Prize in Physics, for quantum mechanics诺贝尔物理学奖 1935 James Chadwick
Caius College凯斯学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for discovering the neutron 诺贝尔物理学奖，发现中子 1936 Henry Dale
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for the chemical transmission of nerve impulses 诺贝尔医学奖，神经冲动的化学传递 1937 George Thomson
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for interference in crystals irradiated by electrons诺贝尔物理学奖 1937 Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Fitzwilliam College 菲茨威廉学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for combustion in biology诺贝尔医学奖 1945 Ernst Chain
Fitzwilliam College菲茨威廉学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for the discovery of penicillin诺贝尔医学奖，青霉素的发现 1945 Howard Florey
Caius College 凯斯学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for the discovery of penicillin诺贝尔医学奖，发现青霉素 1947 Edward Appleton
St John's College圣约翰学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for discovering the Appleton Layer诺贝尔物理学奖，发现阿普尔顿层 1948 Patrick Blackett
Magdalene / Kings Colleges抹大拉/国王学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for nuclear physics and cosmic radiation诺贝尔物理学奖，核物理和宇宙辐射

1950 Bertrand Russell
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Literature, for A History of Western Philosophy, 1946诺贝尔文学奖，西方哲学史，1946年

1950 Cecil Powell
Sidney Sussex College西德尼苏塞克斯学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for nuclear physics and cosmic radiation诺贝尔物理学奖

1951 John Cockcroft
St John's / Churchill Colleges圣约翰/丘吉尔学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei诺贝尔物理学奖 1951 Ernest Walton
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei诺贝尔物理学奖 1952 Richard Synge
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for developing partition chromatography诺贝尔化学奖，开发分区色谱 1952 Archer Martin
Peterhouse彼得学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for developing partition chromatography诺贝尔化学奖，开发分区色谱 1953 Hans Krebs
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for discovering the citric acid cycle诺贝尔医学奖，发现三羧酸循环 1954 Max Born
Nobel Prize in Physics, for fundamental research into quantum mechanics诺贝尔物理学奖 1957 Alexander Todd
Christ's College基督学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for work on nucleotides诺贝尔化学奖 1958 Frederick Sanger
St John's College and fellow of King's College圣约翰学院和大学国王学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the structure of the insulin molecule诺贝尔化学奖，胰岛素分子结构 1959 Philip Noel-Baker
King's College国王学院
Nobel Prize in Peace, for work towards global disarmament诺贝尔和平奖 1962 John Kendrew
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for determining the structure of haemoproteins诺贝尔化学奖，确定haemoproteins结构 1962 Max Perutz
Peterhouse 彼得学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for determing the structure of haemoproteinsPeterhouse诺贝尔化学奖 1962 Francis Crick
Caius / Churchill Colleges凯斯/丘吉尔学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for determining the structure of DNA诺贝尔医学奖，决定了DNA的结构 1962 James Watson
Clare College克莱尔学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for determining the structure of DNA诺贝尔医学奖，决定了DNA的结构 1962 Maurice Wilkins
St John's College 圣约翰学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for determining the structure of DNA诺贝尔医学奖，1962年确定的DNA结构 1963 Alan Hodgkin
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for the transmission of impulses along a nerve fibre诺贝尔医学奖，冲动沿神经纤维传播 1963 Andrew Huxley
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for the transmission of impulses along a nerve fibre诺贝尔医学奖，冲动沿神经纤维传播 1964 Dorothy Hodgkin
Newnham / Girton Colleges 纽纳姆/格顿学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the structure of compounds used to fight anaemia诺贝尔化学奖 1967 Ronald Norrish
Emmanuel College
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the study of fast Chemical reactions诺贝尔化学奖 1967 George Porter
Emmanuel College
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the study of fast Chemical reactions诺贝尔化学奖 1972 Rodney Porter
Pembroke College 彭布罗克学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for the chemical structure of antibodies诺贝尔医学奖 1972 John Hicks
Caius College凯斯学院
Prize in Economics, for the equilibrium theory经济学奖，均衡理论

1972 Kenneth J Arrow
Churchill College丘吉尔学院
Prize in Economics, for the equilibrium theory经济学奖，均衡理论

1973 Brian Josephson
Trinity College
Nobel Prize in Physics, for the tunneling in superconductors and semiconductors诺贝尔物理学奖 1974 Patrick White
King's College国王学院
Nobel Prize in Literature, for an epic and psychological narrative art诺贝尔文学奖，史诗与心理叙述艺术 1974 Martin Ryle
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for the invention of aperture synthesis诺贝尔物理学奖，发明综合孔径 1974 Antony Hewish
Caius / Churchill Colleges 凯斯/丘吉尔学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for the discovery of pulsars诺贝尔物理学奖，发现脉冲星

1977 Nevill Mott
Caius / St John's Colleges凯斯/圣约翰学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for the behaviour of electrons in magnetic solids诺贝尔物理学奖，磁性固体中的电子行为

1977 Philip Anderson
Churchill College丘吉尔学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for the behaviour of electrons in magnetic solids诺贝尔物理学奖，磁性固体中的电子行为 1977 James Meade
Christ's/Trinity Colleges基督/三一学院
Prize in Economics, for contributions to the theory of international trade经济学奖，国际贸易理论的贡献 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for inventing the helium liquefier诺贝尔物理学奖，发明氦液化 1978 Peter Mitchell
Jesus College耶稣学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the energy transfer processes in biological systems诺贝尔化学奖 1979 Abdus Salam
St John's College 圣约翰学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for electromagnetic and weak particle interactions诺贝尔物理学奖，电磁和弱的粒子相互作用 1979 Steven Weinberg
Nobel Prize in Physics, for electromagnetic and weak particle interactions诺贝尔物理学奖，电磁和弱的粒子相互作用

1979 Allan Cormack
St John's College圣约翰学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for developing CAT scans诺贝尔医学奖，发展CAT扫描

1980 Walter Gilbert
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the theory of nucleotide links in nucleic acids诺贝尔化学奖，理论核酸的核苷酸链接 1980 Frederick Sanger
St John's College and fellow of King's College圣约翰学院和国王学院的院士
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the theory of nucleotide links in nucleic acids诺贝尔化学奖，理论核酸的核苷酸链接 1982 Aaron Klug
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the structure of biologically active substances诺贝尔化学奖，生物活性物质的结构 1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for the evolution and devolution of stars1983年Subrahmanyan诺贝尔物理学奖 1983 William Fowler
Pembroke College彭布罗克学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for the evolution and devolution of stars1983年Subrahmanyan诺贝尔物理学奖 1983 Gerard Debreu
Churchill College丘吉尔学院
Prize in Economics, for reforming the theory of general equilibrium经济学奖，一般均衡理论的改革 1984 Richard Stone
Caius College and fellow of King's College 凯斯学院和国王学院的研究员
Prize in Economics, for developing a national income accounting system经济学奖，发展一个国民收入核算体系 1984 Cesar Milstein
Fellow of Darwin and Fitzwilliam Colleges达尔文和菲茨威廉学院院士
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for developing a technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies诺贝尔医学奖，发展单克隆抗体的生产技术 1984 Georges Kohler
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for developing a technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies诺贝尔医学奖，发展单克隆抗体的生产技术 1989 Norman Ramsey
Clare College克莱尔学院
Nobel Prize in Physics, for developing the separated field method诺贝尔物理学奖，1989年为发展中国家的分离场法 1996 James Mirrlees
Trinity College三一学院
Prize in Economics, for studying behaviour in the absence of complete information经济学奖，学习在没有完整的信息的行为 1997 John Walker
Sidney Sussex College西德尼苏塞克斯学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for studying how a spinning enzyme creates the molecule that powers cells in muscles诺贝尔化学奖，研究如何纺纱酶，创建分子，细胞在肌肉权力 1998 Amartya Sen
Trinity College 三一学院
Prize in Economics, for his contributions to welfare economics经济学奖，他在福利经济学的贡献 1998 John Pople
Trinity College三一学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the development of computational methods in quantum chemistry
诺贝尔化学奖，在量子化学计算方法的发展 2000 Alan McDiarmid
Sidney Sussex College西德尼苏塞克斯学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the discovery and development of conductive polymers诺贝尔化学奖，导电聚合物的发现和发展 2000 Paul Greengard
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system诺贝尔医学奖，关于在神经系统信号传导的发现 2001 Tim Hunt
Clare College克莱尔学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle诺贝尔医学奖，细胞周期的关键调节因子的发现 2001 Joseph Stiglitz
Caius College凯斯学院
Prize in Economics, for analyses of markets with asymmetric information经济学奖，信息不对称的市场分析 2002 John Sulston
Pembroke College 彭布罗克学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death诺贝尔医学奖，发现器官发育和程序性细胞死亡的基因调控 2002 Sydney Brenner
King's College国王学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death诺贝尔医学奖，对发现涉及器官发育和程序性细胞死亡的基因调控 2005 Richard R. Schrock
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis诺贝尔化学奖，在有机合成中的复分解方法的发展 2007 Martin Evans
Christ's College基督学院
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells诺贝尔医学奖 2007 Eric Maskin
Jesus College 耶稣学院
Prize in Economic Sciences, for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory经济科学奖，2007年为机制设计理论奠定了基础 2008 Roger Y. Tsien
Churchill / Caius Colleges丘吉尔/凯厄斯学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP诺贝尔化学奖的绿色荧光蛋白GFP的发现和发展 2009 Elizabeth H. Blackburn
Darwin College PhD 1975 达尔文学院，博士1975年
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，发现染色体端粒保护和端粒酶 2009 Venki Ramakrishnan
Trinity College 三一学院
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome诺贝尔化学奖，核糖体的结构和功能的研究 2010 Robert G. Edwards
Emeritus Professor of Human Reproduction
Nobel Prize in Medicine, for the development of in vitro fertilization诺贝尔医学奖