剑桥大学中、英文简介

剑桥大学中、英文简介 The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University, or simply Cambridge) is the second oldest university in England and the fourth oldest in the world. In post-nominals the university's name is abbreviated as Cantab, a shortened form of Cantabrigiensis (an adjective derived from Cantabrigia, the Latinised form of Cambridge).
The university grew out of an association of scholars in the city of Cambridge that was formed, early records suggest, in 1209 by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk.[5] The two "ancient universities" have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, the two universities have a long history of rivalry with each other.
Academically, Cambridge has been ranked one of the world's top five universities, the leading university in Europe, and contends with Oxford for first place in UK league tables. The University's alumni include 87 Nobel Laureates as of 2010. The University is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British universities, the Coimbra Group, the League of European Research Universities and the International Alliance of Research Universities.

Cambridge’s status was enhanced by a charter in 1231 from King Henry III of England which awarded the ius non trahi extra (a right to discipline its own members) plus some exemption from taxes, and a bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX that gave graduates from Cambridge the right to teach everywhere in Christendom.
After Cambridge was described as a studium generale in a letter by Pope Nicholas IV in 1290, and confirmed as such in a bull by Pope John XXII in 1318, it became common for researchers from other European medieval universities to come and visit Cambridge to study or to give lecture courses.

英国剑桥大学（非正式剑桥大学，或只是剑桥）是英国第二古老的大学和世界第四最古老的。在后名词性大学的名字是剑桥大学，缩短了Cantabrigiensis形式（从Cantabrigia派生形容词缩写，剑桥大学Latinised形式）。
该大学在剑桥长大的成立，早在1209年的记录表明，留在与乡亲争端城市牛津学者对他的学者联谊会。[5]这两个“古老的大学”有许多共同的特点，往往统称为牛津剑桥。除了作为英国社会的历史文化和现实的一部分，协会，两所大学有一个彼此竞争的悠久历史。
在学业上，剑桥一直排在世界前5所大学之一，在欧洲领先的大学，在英国排行榜首位与牛津争辩。大学的校友包括87位诺贝尔奖得主为2010年。大学是研究领导的英国大学罗素集团的成员，科英布拉集团，欧洲研究型大学和研究型大学国际联盟联赛。

剑桥大学的地位得到了加强，在1231年由国王亨利三世对英国的授予曼月乐®非trahi额外（以惩戒权其会员章程），加上一些减免税待遇，并在1233年由罗马教皇格雷戈里九，这使毕业生从牛市剑桥的权利，各地基督教教。
经过剑桥被描述为在一个由罗马教皇尼古拉四信在1290年教学仪器兴业，因此在一个由教皇约翰二十二牛市在1318年证实，它成了来自其他欧洲中世纪大学的研究人员共同前来参观学习或剑桥给予讲座课程。