英语中的虚拟语气,是说话者用来表示假设,或难以实现的情况,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。实际上主要是三种时态:与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反。
(1)与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If you took a taxi,you'd get there quicker.
If I knew her number I could ring her up.
(2)与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:
If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time.
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.
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