雅思考写作部分里,paraphrase是一个非常重要的技巧。准确的运用paraphrase能够使写作质量提高。在提笔之前,除了读懂题目的要求之外,还需要考虑的是将考题中的关键词进行替换和改写。这是很多同学感到比较棘手的问题,所以在本期的论文中将重点讨论在这方面可以运用的技巧。本论文分成两部分,即重点论述前3大方法:1. 代词替换法作为关键词的“人(person/people)”,“物体(object)”,“事件(event/incident/issue)”,“动作(actitivities/ action)”等可以用代词this, that, these, those, it, they, such (如:such children, such an issue等)这样既可以避免反复重复,还可以增加上下文的一致性和连贯性(unity and coherence)例如:Some people believe that children’s leisure activities must be educational, otherwise they are a complete waste of time.Do you agree or disagree?该考题中的关键词leisure activities,就可以在写作过程中改成these activites, those activities, they, such actitivities 等2. 同义词替换法用考题中关键词的同义词去替换。例如:In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.其中关键词:young people,可以用代词替换法替换成:“those young people,”“such people,”等同时也可以用同义词替换法,替换成“young adults”等; 不要为了替换而替换,有时候就会因为乱换而扣分。笔者有学生将上述“young people”,换成了“young offsprings”,而将后来在他文章中出现的“parents”替换成了“ancestors”!其失分之重要原因在于:关键词的替换强调“对等兑换”,而“年轻人”换成“年轻的后代”,把“父母亲”替换成“祖先”,是非常的悬殊的。拿“祖先”一词为例,“先”字在中文中指的是:“去世的人”,而英文单词“ancestors”也是之前好几代的才可以称作“ancestors”,所以这个替换是“画蛇添足”,同时,让老外“无所适从”,“忍俊不禁”的后是“纠结致死”。该例关键词“work or travel”可以替换成:“to do a job in a workplace”;“ to make some money by working in a workplace”, “to earn a living”, “to become economically independent”; 而travel可以换成“to have a tour”,“to have a trip”,“to gain more experiences through traveling about”关键词“for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies”可以换成“for a relatively long period after finishing secondary education”, “before attending university”,“prior to starting higher education”等3. 定语从句替换法在关键词里面加入定语从句上述例子中,young people可以加入定语从句而变得和原题不是一模一样。如:those young adults who are expected to start university studies综述: 替换考题是好的向考官展示写作能力的方法之一。因为,它体现了考生对于题目的理解,并能在理解的基础上用自己的语言表达出来。即express in your own words,这是雅思考中非常重要的一个标准。在下一次的系列文章中,笔者将会重点讨论替换考题的另外三个重要方法,敬请对考题替换技巧感兴趣的考生继续关注。
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