2022考研英语翻译暑期强化备考：倒装句解决法则

1. 表系主倒装

例1：Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.(2003年翻译)

表系主的倒装指的是，表语置于系动词之前。在例1中，系动词是is，表语是Implicit within Tylor’s definition，主语是the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior，出现表系主的倒装的原因是主语比较长，为了避免头重脚轻，所以就将主语放到了后面。像该句中的主语中就嵌套了一个同位语从句that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior，解释说明the concept，主语就比较长。表系主倒装结构的翻译还是整体顺译，所以上句的参考译文为：在泰勒的定义里比较隐晦的是这样一个概念：文化是一种习得的、共享的和模式化的行为。

(2)Than引导的比较状语从句的倒装

例2：Parents watch more TV than do their children.

该句中的than do their children还原一下，应该为than their children watch TV，但是我们会发现这样的话整个句子会显得很冗长、啰嗦，所以，在than引导的比较状语从句中，如果从句谓语使用do/did/does来代替主句中出现的动词内容，那么该从句使用全部倒装。在翻译的时候，可以翻译为“与...相比，主句”。所以例2可理解为：与孩子相比，父母看更多的电视。

接下来再通过一个试题例句进一步巩固一下这个知识点：

例3：Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.(2011年完形)

本句主干为Those reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons，forced to exercise their smiling muscles是V-ed粉刺短语做后置定语，修饰those，than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown是比较状语，其中嵌套了一个whose mouths were contracted in a frown定语从句，suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around是一个结果状语，其中嵌套了that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around宾语从句。

整句参考译文为：与那些嘴巴收缩成皱眉状的人相比，那些被迫去练习笑肌的人对于有趣的卡通漫画反应更加强烈。