with的用法及短语搭配，复合结构的常见用法

【英语语法】with复合结构的常见用法

一、“with复合结构”的定义及构成

with+宾语+宾语补足语

With his homework finished, he went out playing football with his friends happily.

他写完作业，出去开心地和朋友们踢足球。

二、“with复合结构”的用法

1. with+宾语+副词

The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.

所有的灯都亮时，广场显得更加美丽。

With his parents away, Tom becomes naughtier.

父母不在，汤姆变得更淘气了。

2. with+宾语+形容词

With the door and windows open, the room was very cold.

门窗大开，屋内很冷。

With her parents dead, the girl had to left school.

她父母死了，那女孩只好辍学。

3. with+宾语+介词短语

The teacher came in with a book in his hand.

老师手里拿着书走进来。

The girl looked up with tears in her eyes.

那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。

4. with+宾语+名词

They set up a football team, with Tom their head.

他们建立了一支足球队，汤姆当队长。

With a native our guide, we needn’t be afraid to get lost.

有本地人当向导，我们不必担心会迷路。

5. with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与动作构成逻辑上的主谓关系）

With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.

随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。

With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy.

老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。

6. with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与动作构成逻辑上的动宾关系）

With the work done, she felt greatly relieved.

工作完成了，她大大地松了一口气。

With his hair cut, he looks much younger.

理了头发，他显得年轻多了。

7. with+宾语+不定式（表示动作将要发生）

With her to go with us, we’re sure to have a pleasant journey.

有她和我们一起去，我们的旅途一定会很愉快。

With Mr. Smith to teach them English next term, they will be greatly improved in spoken English.

下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语会大有提高。

三、拓展

否定形式为“without+宾语+补足语”

The house caught a big fire last night, without anything left in it.

昨天晚上房子起了大火，烧得什么都不剩了。

四、巩固练习

1. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。

(1) The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes _________ (fix) on the wall.

(2) I live in the house with its door _________ (face) to the south.

(3) They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights _________ (burn).

2. 用with复合结构完成下列句子。

(1) ______________________ (有很多工作要做), I couldn’t go to see the doctor.

(2) ______________________ (心存梦想), he went to Hollywood.

【参考答案】

1. (1) fixed

解析：由短语fix one’s eyes on sth.可知，eyes作with的宾语，与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应该用过去分词表示被动的含义。

(2) facing

解析：door作with的宾语，与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应该用现在分词表示主动的含义。

(3) burning

解析：lights作with的宾语，与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应该用现在分词表示主动的含义。

2. (1) With a lot of work to do

(2) With a dream in heart