物联网应用领域有哪些?

物联网的应用如下：
1、智能仓库。物联网一个很好的应用。它能准确的提供仓库管理各个环节数据的真实性，对于生产企业，可以根据这个数据合理的把控库存量，调整生产量。物联网中利用SNHGES系统的库位管理功能，可以准确提供货物库存位置，这就大大提高了仓库管理的效率。
2、智能物流。运用条形码、传感器、射频识别技术、全球定位等先进的物联网通信技术，实现物流业运输、仓储、配送、装卸等各个环节的智能化。不仅货物运输更加的自动化，而且作出的全面分析还能及时的处理问题对物流过程作出调整，优化了管理。大大提高了物流行业的服务水平，还节约了成本。
3、智能医疗。利用物联网技术，实现患者和医务人员、医疗机构、医疗设备的互动，实现医疗智能化。物联网医疗设备中的传感器与移动设备可以对患者的生理状态进行捕捉，把生命指数记录到电子健康文件中，不仅自己可以查看，也方便了医生的查阅，实现远程的医疗看病。很好的解决当前的医疗资源分布不均，看病难的问题。
4、智能家庭。物联网的出现让我们的日常生活更加的便捷。不远的将来一台手机，就可以 *** 作家里大多数的电器，查看它们的运行状态。寒冷的冬天，我们可以提前打开家里的空调，回到家就暖暖的。物联网还能准确的定位家庭成员的位置，你再也不用担心孩子跑的找不见人，省心省力。
5、智能农业。物联网在农业中的应用就更加的广泛。监测温湿度，监视土壤酸碱度，查看家禽的状态。在这些数据的支持下，农户就可以合理进行科学评估，安排施肥，灌溉。监测到的天气情况比如降水，风力等又为我们抗灾、减灾提供了依据。提高了产量，降低了减产风险。
6、智能交通。物联网将整个交通设备连在一起。主要是用图像识别为核心技术。可以准确的收集到交通车流量信息，通过信号灯等设备进行流量的控制，这个技术的运用，会让堵车成为历史。管理人员利用这个技术能将道路、车辆的情况掌握的一清二楚，驾驶违章无处可逃，交通事故也能及时的得到处理。人们的出行得到了很大的方便。
7、智能电力。电力工程是一项重大的民生工程，对电网的安全检测是一项必修科目。以南方电网与中国移动通过M2M技术进行的合作为例，因为物联网的运用，使得自动化计量系统开始启动，使得故障评价处理时间得到一倍的缩减。

论文中英对照，可能有错误，但应该不会很多。
随着计算机、网络技术的不断发展，网络虚拟实验室得到越来越多的应用。 With the computer, the continuous development of network technology, network virtual laboratory to be more and more applications 介绍了虚拟实验室的基本特点及其体系结构，实现虚拟实验室的四种关键技术： Java、ActiveX、VRML、ASP，最后探讨了虚拟实验室开发过程当中应注意的几个问题。 Introduced the basic characteristics of virtual laboratory and its architecture, the realization of virtual laboratory four key technologies: Java, ActiveX, VRML, ASP, the last of the development process of virtual laboratory should pay attention to several problems 关键词虚拟实验室远程教育现代教育技术迅速崛起的现代教育技术把虚拟实验引入到了实验教学中。 Key words virtual laboratory of modern educational technology distance education the rapid rise of the modern educational technology into the virtual experiment experimental teaching 虚拟实验的应用改变了传统的教育模式，使得教与学方式发生了革命性的变化。 Application of virtual experiment to change the traditional mode of education and teaching and learning approach makes revolutionary change took place 目前，用于实验教学的计算机虚拟实验软件非常丰富，加上高校计算机及网络资源，为虚拟实验的开设提供了必要的基础条件。 At present, for the experimental teaching of computer software, rich virtual experiment, together with the Universities computer and network resources for the creation of virtual experiments to provide the necessary basic conditions 通过网络虚拟实验室，能够通过计算机在网络中模拟一些实验现象，它不仅仅能够提高实验教学效果，更加重要的是对一些缺乏实验条件的学生，通过网络同样能够身临其境地观察实验现象，甚至和异地的学生合作进行实验。 Through the network of virtual labs, through computer simulation in the network a number of experimental phenomena, it is not only to improve the effectiveness of experimental teaching, and more importantly, the lack of experimental conditions on some of the students, through the network to feel the same experimental phenomena observed, students in different places and even co-operation and carry out such experiments 1 网络虚拟实验室的发展及其特点网络虚拟实验就是在WEB中创建出一个可视化的环境，其中每一个可视化的物体代表一种实验对象。 1 of the development of virtual laboratory network and the characteristics of the network is in the WEB virtual experiment to create a visual environment, a visualization of each of these objects on behalf of an experimental object 通过鼠标的点击以及拖曳 *** 作，用户可以进行虚拟的实验。 Through mouse clicks and drag and drop operation, users can conduct virtual experiments 网络虚拟实验实现的基础是多媒体计算机技术与网络技术的结合。 Network virtual experiment is based on the realization of multi-media computer technology and network technology 无论是学生还是教师，都可以自由地、无顾虑地随时进入虚拟实验室 *** 作仪器，进行各种实验。 Whether students or teachers, are free and without hesitation to operate at any time to enter the virtual laboratory apparatus, to carry out various experiments 为实验类课程的教学改革及远程教育提供了条件和技术支持。 Experimental curriculum reform and teaching conditions for the provision of distance education and technical support 许多国内外从事实验室工作的研究者们在实践中还提出这样一些概念：Digital Lab、MBL（Micro-computer Based Lab），尽管这些名词不统一，但他们的实践从不同的层面实现了虚拟实验室。 Many at home and abroad to engage in laboratory work in practice, the researchers also proposed the concept of such: Digital Lab, MBL (Micro-computer Based Lab), although these terms are not uniform, but they practice at different levels from a virtual experiment Room 1．1 印地安那州立大学的MBL化学实验室该实验室在给新生开化学实验课时用计算机来辅助做这样一些事，用计算机采集与分析实验数据，用计算机展示实验，在网上发布相关的实验指导材料。 11 of the Indiana State University chemical laboratory of the MBL laboratory chemistry experiments to open new classes to help with the computer do something with computer acquisition and analysis of experimental data, using computer experiments show that in the relevant online Experimental guidance material 12 芝加哥伊利诺伊大学数字化有机化学实验室该实验室充分利用网络资源，在网上提供了一系列的实验教学指导：在线实验教材；实验教学时间表；实验测评方法、形式、时间；虚拟实验；相关教学资源的链接等。 12 University of Illinois at Chicago, the number of the laboratory of organic chemistry lab full use of network resources, the Internet has provided a series of experimental teaching guide: online experimental materials; experimental teaching timetable; experimental evaluation of methods, forms, time; virtual experiments; related to teaching Links and other resources 他们还用计算机进行实验教学的教务管理。 They also experiment with computer teaching educational administration 13 卡罗莱纳州立大学的LAAP（Learn Anytime Anywhere Physics）他们利用Java技术建立了基于Web的探索式虚拟物理实验室，主要有以下几个模块：基于Java Applet的虚拟实验设备和实验设施；相关的实验课程模块；实验学习结果评价模块；协作学习模块。 13 Carolina State University LAAP (Learn Anytime Anywhere Physics) using Java technology to build Web-based virtual physics laboratory to explore, mainly in the following modules: Java Applet based virtual laboratory equipment and laboratory facilities; related An experimental course module; experimental study and the results of the evaluation module; collaborative learning module 虚拟实验室最大的优点是成本低，效率高。 Virtual Laboratory biggest advantage is low cost, high efficiency 因为“软件即为仪器”，这样就可解决因实验经费不足或高档次、高价位设备缺乏所不能开出的实物实验，同时也不会造成因使用不当，管理不善等因素造成的仪器损坏、元器件丢失等现象。 Because "software is the instrument," and this could be the lack of funds resulting from the experimental or high-grade, high-priced equipment can not be opened by the lack of physical experiments, but also will not lead to a result of improper use caused by such factors as poor management of equipment damage, missing components and so on 同时虚拟实验还可以模拟实验室中没有的设备，而且还可以不受时空的限制方便地进行实验。 At the same time, virtual experiments can not simulate the laboratory equipment, but also can be exempted from the restrictions of time and space to easily carry out such experiments 另外，虚拟实验室还应具备一些基本特征：与现实的一致性（或现实的延伸）、高度交互性、实时的信息反馈。 In addition, the virtual laboratory should also have some basic features: the coherence and reality (or an extension of reality), highly interactive, real-time feedback 2 网络虚拟实验室体系结构网络虚拟实验室应是一个集虚拟实验教学管理系统、实验课教学指导系统，网络实验仿真等为一体的功能强大的网上运行系统。 2 Network architecture of Virtual Laboratory Virtual Laboratory should be a set of virtual experiment management system for teaching, laboratory teaching guidance systems, network simulation and so on into a powerful operating system online 各部分之间相互联系相互补充，仅具有相对独立性。 Interlinkages between the various parts of each other, only with relative independence 开发虚拟环境，实现实验仿真应是虚拟实验室建设的核心部分。 The development of a virtual environment, the realization of experimental simulation is a virtual laboratory should be the core of the building 图1是虚拟实验室体系结构图。 Figure 1 is a virtual laboratory system structure 3 构建网络虚拟实验室的关键技术目前国内的虚拟实验室研究还处于萌芽阶段，国外已经有很多大学进行了这方面的研究。 3 build a network of key technology of virtual laboratory virtual current laboratory research is still in its infancy, many universities abroad have carried out studies in this area 总结他们所使用的技术，可以看出大多可以划分下面几类： 31 Java技术Java是一个广泛使用的网络编程语言，它是一种新的计算概念。 Summing up their use of technology, we can see that the majority can be divided into the following categories: 31 Java technology is a widely used Java web programming language, it is a new computing concept 首先，作为一种程序设计语言，它简单、不依赖于机器的结构、具有可移植性、安全性、并且提供了并发的机制、具有很高的性能。 First of all, as a programming language, it is simple, is not dependent on the structure of the machine with portability, security, and provides a mechanism for concurrency, high performance 其次，它最大限度地利用了网络，Java的小应用程序（applet）可在网络上运行而不受CPU和环境的限制。 Secondly, to maximize the use of its network, Java applets for (applet) can be run on the network without restrictions on CPU and the environment 另外，Java还提供了丰富的类库，使程序设计者可以很方便地建立自己的系统，这一点对于构建网上虚拟实验室系统来说也是非常关键的。 In addition, Java also provides a rich class library, so that process designers can easily build their own systems, this point for building a virtual laboratory system is also very crucial 32 ActiveX控件ActiveX技术允许不同软件开发的组件在网络上可以互相进行 *** 作。 32 ActiveX Controls ActiveX technology allows different software components on the network can operate with each other Ac鄄tiveX使用了微软的组件对象技术使得本地的组件可以和网络上的组件进行通信，使用ActiveX开发的另一个好处在于它的代码复用性，也就是说在虚拟实验室的开发过程中，一个实验仪器可以在多个实验环境中重复使用，这一点对于持续开发过程尤为重要。 Ac Juan tiveX use of Microsoft's Component Object technology enables local and network components can be components of the communication, the development of the use of ActiveX Another advantage is that it is code reuse, that is to say in a virtual laboratory development process, an experimental device which can be the environment in a number of experiments re-use, this is particularly important in the process of sustainable development 这种技术使得一个大的工程项目可以划分成小块的组件，也就相当于把复杂工程简单为一个个组成部分，完成了每个组成部分之后集成起来就可以得到最终的项目。 This technology enables a large project can be divided into small components, it is equivalent to the complexity of the project as a simple component, was completed after each component can be integrated into the final project 可以开发ActiveX组件的环境有很多，其中开发效率最高和最易上手的是Visual Ba鄄sic。 ActiveX components can be developed a lot of environment in which to develop the most efficient and most易上手is Visual Ba Juan sic 33 VRML技术VRML是虚拟实境描述模型语言(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) 的简称。 33 VRML technology is VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) the short title 它是描述虚拟环境中场景的一种标准，也是在网上实现虚拟现实的关键性技术。 It is described in a virtual environment of a standard scene, but also the Internet to achieve the key technologies of virtual reality VRML的基本特征包括分布式、交互式、平台无关、三维、多媒体集成、逼真自然等，被成为“第二代WEB”，已经被越来越多的人们所重视。 The basic feature of VRML, including distributed, interactive, platform-independent, three-dimensional, multi-media integration, life-like nature, was a "second-generation WEB", has been more and more people paying attention to 国际标准化组织1998年1月正式将其批准为国际标准。 International Organization for Standardization in January 1998 officially approved as international standards VRML是一种建模语言，其基本目标是建立Internet上的交互式三维多媒体，也就是说，它是用来描述三维物体及其行为的，可以构建虚拟境界。 VRML is a modeling language, its basic goal is to establish a three-dimensional Internet, interactive multimedia, in other words, it is used to describe the three-dimensional objects and their behavior, you can build a virtual realm 用VRML实现与Internet虚拟现实交互有下面几个好处：丰富了媒体表现形式、协同工作角色的可视化管理、改善了协同环境的用户界面、增强了协同环境的交互性。 With the Internet using VRML interactive virtual reality has the following advantages: rich media manifestations, the role of the visual work of management, to improve the collaborative environment of the user interface, enhanced interactive collaborative environment 可见，将VRML融合到网上虚拟实验室的开发过程中，既可以增强表现力和用户的接受力，又可以实现较好的协同工作虚拟化环境。 Can be seen that the VRML into the development of online virtual laboratory process, can enhance performance and user acceptance, but also work together to achieve a better virtual environment 34 ASP技术ASP（Active Server Pages，动态服务器端网页），内含在Internet Information Server 30及其以上版本中，提供一个服务器端的脚本环境，用于产生和执行动态、高效率的网络服务器应用程序。 34 ASP technology ASP (Active Server Pages, Dynamic server-side page), including in the Internet Information Server 30 and above versions, to provide a server-side scripting environment for the generation and implementation of dynamic and efficient web server applications ASP不只是动态的网页，它更是当今众多的Web应用程序实作方式之一，它负责整个Web应用程序的控制部分。 ASP pages not only dynamic, it is today a large number of Web applications is one of the ways to make, which is responsible for the entire Web application control part ASP提供五个内建的对象供使用者调用，即Re鄄quest对象（取得用户信息）、Response对象（传送信息给用户）、Server对象（提供访问服务器的方法、属性）、Application对象（用于多个使用者在多个网页间共享信息）和Session对象（用于单个使用者在多个网页间共享信息）。 ASP provides a total of five built-in objects for users to call, that is, Re Juan quest object (to obtain user information), Response object (to send information to the user), Server object (the server to provide access methods, properties), Application object (with in a variety of users to share information between multiple pages) and the Session object (for individual users to share information between multiple pages) 4 网络虚拟实验室开发过程当中应注意的几个问题计算机软件技术发展到今天，为虚拟实验室开发提供了极大的方便。 4 virtual laboratory network development process should pay attention to several issues of the development of computer software technology to today, for the development of virtual laboratory provides great convenience 目前开发所需的系统软件或工具均支持面向对象的程序设计。 At present, the development of the necessary system software or tools to support object-oriented programming 它们都有事件驱动的支持，消息循环的程序设计方法及多媒体 *** 作技术。 They have the support of event-driven news cycle of programming and multimedia skills 在开发过程当中要注意以下几个问题：事件触发时机的选择，实际 *** 作当中某个按钮按下后并不立即反映，需要延时回应，外部接口的输入信号或其它信息往往是定时触发或随机触发的事件，若为随机触发的事件则可用一定时限内的随机数来取代固定时间。 In the development process should pay attention to the following questions: Event trigger timing, the actual operation of them after a button press does not immediately reflect the need to delay response to the external interface of the input signal or other information from time to time is often triggered or random trigger events, if the random trigger events are available for a certain period of time the random number to replace the fixed time 事件联锁关系或动态顺序关系可以存放在一张数据库表中描述，修改方便。 Interlocking relationship between events or dynamic order can be stored in a database table is described, modify convenience 给定相应的条件、控制范围，自动形成数据表，使数据和程序独立。 Given the appropriate conditions, control, data tables automatically, so that an independent data and programs 模拟声音，要使实验达到逼真，除了模拟控制台实物景象，还要模拟它们实验环境中的各种声音，如汽笛声、按钮按动声、内部机械动作声等。 Analog voice, to achieve the realistic experiment, in addition to the physical simulation of the console scene, but also simulation of their experimental sounds in the environment, such as the whistle sound, the sound button pressed, the internal mechanical action, such as sound 这样，才能使学生在实验室有身临其境的感觉，全身心地投入学习。 In this way can help students in the laboratory are immersive feeling, to fully participate in the study 模拟台面各种动作的结果，台面上每个控件的动作都会触发一定的事件。 Simulation results of the table a variety of movements, control the movements of each table will trigger a certain event 这些事件在实物设备中是靠机械、电子电路等去完成，而现在将这些机械及电子逻辑关系使用计算机软件实现。 These events in the physical devices by mechanical, electronic circuits, such as to complete, and now to the relationship between mechanical and electronic logic using computer software 故障发生器，在实际工作中除了设备正常情况下的 *** 作，还有各种意外情况，如某些设备故障的情况。 Fault generator, in practical work in addition to equipment operation under normal circumstances, there are a variety of unforeseen circumstances, such as the failure of some equipment 此时，要求在虚拟系统中也能模拟手柄失灵、仪表信号不显示及自然灾害发生的情况等，即给实验增加一些难度，强化学生实际 *** 作能力。 At this point, the request in a virtual simulation system can also handle failures, instrument signals and do not show the case of natural disasters and so on, that is, to increase the difficulty of the experiment, the actual operation to strengthen the capacity of students 5 结束语虚拟实验技术在实验教学中具有广阔的应用、发展前景，随着虚拟实验的普及，其优越性会被越来越多的人认识。 5 Conclusion virtual experiment in teaching experiments have broad applications, development prospects, with the popularity of virtual experiments, and its advantages will be more and more people are aware of 但要使虚拟实验技术真正得到推广应用，关键还是观念的改变，首先是教师观念的改变，除了具有创新精神和能力外，还应有一个科学的投资理念，在实验室建设和发展中，充分考虑投资效益，建设现代化的实验室。 But for the virtual experiment really promote the use of technology, the key is to change the concept, first of all, the concept of change in teachers, in addition to the spirit of innovation and capacity, there should be a scientific concept of investment, construction and development in the laboratory, the full consider the investment returns and building a modern laboratory 其次要培养一支高素质的实验队伍，不断地进行知识更新，加强学习，重视信息的收集、加工、应用，了解掌握最新技术，促进实验教学发展。 Second, we must cultivate a high-quality experimental team, continually update their knowledge to enhance learning, importance of information collection, processing, application, understand the latest technology, and promote the development of experimental teaching 虚拟实验的应用和发展，加快了实验室发展和实验教学改革，促进了教育观念的改变。 Application of the virtual experiment and development, to accelerate the development and experimental laboratory teaching reform, the promotion of education to change attitudes 是培养创新人才的新的实验手段。 Is to train innovative talents of the new experimental tools 虚拟实验在21世纪实验教学中必将占有重要地位，无疑会起到很大的作用。 Virtual experiment experimental teaching in the 21st century will certainly occupy an important position, will undoubtedly play a significant role

山东省网络环境智能计算技术重点实验室依托于济南大学信息科学与工程学院，拥有“计算机科学与技术”、“软件工程”一级学科硕士点和“信号与信息处理”、“模式识别与智能系统”、“计算系统生物学”、“物联网工程”二级学科硕士点以及“计算机技术”和“软件工程”工程硕士授权领域。济南大学“计算机科学与技术”专业是国家特色专业及山东省特色专业，“计算机应用技术”学科是山东省特色重点学科。 实验室有智能计算理论与技术、网络计算与信息处理技术、网络虚拟现实技术等三个稳定的核心研究方向，以上稳定方向的部分研究成果达到国内领先水平，受到国际同行的密切关注，各方向的整体研究水平在省内处于领先水平。结合依托单位的学科建设共设立“智能计算与生物信息学”、“网络服务与云计算”、“人机交互技术”、“模式识别与计算机视觉”、“数据挖掘与知识发现”、“物联网及嵌入式计算”、“网络环境下的科学计算及其可视化”、“集成电路设计与服务”等8个主要研究方向团队，作为实验室的主要支撑研究方向。
主要承担计算机网络和智能计算领域的应用基础研究和高新技术开发项目，对国家级课题和具有重要应用价值的企业研究项目优先开放。目前实验室在以下几方面形成了自己的研究特色并取得了一定的理论突破：（1）分层计算智能理论研究成果受到国际同行高度关注和认可；（2）基于网络的水泥材料建模仿真研究形成与美国NIST、荷兰Delft大学在同一领域中的“三足鼎立”之势；（3）三维人手跟踪关键技术研究突破传统的二维模式，多项研究成果受到领域同行以及企业关注。（4）在线网络信息处理及用户行为分析已经形成自己的研究体系。实验室在教育和制造业信息化服务、国际学术活动服务方面的工作成果产生了较大影响，取得了较好的社会效益。

三维可视化
即一种利用计算机技术，再现三维世界中的物体，并能够表示三维物体的复杂信息，使其具有实时交互的能力的一种可视化技术，是对现实世界的真实再现。
就业方向：
（1）方案设计师、概念设计师、软装设计师
（2）设计助理、深化设计、主材设计
（3）效果图设计、三维建模师、产品渲染师
（4）家装设计师、公装设计师、商装设计师
（5）游戏建模方向
（6）视频剪辑方向
……………………
就业面还是非常广的。可以考虑学习。

icode是指微软亚洲研究院的“创新工程实验室”（Innovation Experiment Lab）下的一个项目，旨在通过在线编程比赛的方式，促进年轻人的编程技能和创新能力的提高。目前icode项目包括以下几个方面：
1icode竞赛：在线编程比赛，旨在帮助参赛者提高编程技能和创新能力。
2icode学院：提供在线编程课程和实验，帮助学生掌握编程技能。
3icode开放平台：提供在线编程工具和资源，帮助开发者快速构建应用程序。
4icode创新项目：通过支持创新项目的方式，培养年轻人的创新和创业能力。
以上是icode目前的几个项目，这些项目的设计和实施都是为了促进年轻人的编程技能和创新能力的提高。随着信息技术的快速发展和应用的广泛普及，编程已经成为了一种必备的技能。而icode项目的推出，为广大年轻人提供了一个学习和实践的平台，有助于他们更好地掌握编程技能，提高创新能力，从而更好地适应未来的工作和生活需求。

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