求关于物联网的论文。2000字以上

首先介绍物联网的概念，参考EPOSS的《Internet of Things in 2020》；之后看看物联网相关演讲、报告（近来物联网会议较多，讲演资料也较多），总结分析，前期入手尽量少谈物联网关键技术；接着谈谈物联网的应用（参考《物联网“十二五”规划》），最好谈谈物联网的前景及展望。

京东方在“屏之物联”战略指导下，一直不断加快物联转型的脚步，赋能千行万业。在智慧金融领域，京东方智慧金融解决方案助力中国工商银行北京金融街支行和中国建设银行北京市分行实现金融网点智慧化升级，目前京东方已为全国2800个金融网点提供智慧改造服。2022年，京东方的智慧网点综合管理平台的终端接入数量超过10000台。值得一提的是，京东方专门开发了面向老年群体的适老金融屏，这款产品已在邮储、农行、兴业等多家银行网点落地，可通过人脸识别、语音识别、照片修复等AI技术的应用，解决老年客户服务时效率低、关怀度不高等痛点。京东方还为华英证券打造了智慧楼宇解决方案，已在无锡总部、北京、上海、深圳、成都、武汉等地分支机构，相继落地并投入使用。

元宇宙的内涵逐渐从社交向产业转移，这是物联网应把握的机遇。AIoT领域创造的很多元宇宙应用已经诞生，包括导航、智能楼宇、智慧城市等。对于物联网来说，元宇宙不仅有用，而是已经在用了。元宇宙的架构是七层，其中基础设施层包含物联网、5G、AI，它是进入元宇宙的钥匙”。在彭昭看来，物联网需要把握的并非社交元宇宙，而是产业元宇宙，物联网应通过虚拟反馈到现实，增强人们的生活便利性。
有业内人士进一步向记者解释，“相信元宇宙将对产业带来改进，但2022年元宇宙会不会对物联网带来新的变化，取决于咱们怎么定义元宇宙。目前业界还没有对元宇宙有统一定义，如果元宇宙是扎克伯格说的那种完全虚拟的世界，那明年技术应该进展不到那个地步；如果认为元宇宙是从虚拟回到现实并帮助现实改进的话，那一定会出现很多新的物联网应用”

物联网，被视为继互联网之后的又一次资讯技术革命浪潮，物业，物联网所带来的资产价值将是互联网的数十倍，下一个万亿元级别的资产非其莫属！在资讯时代，以计算机为代表的第一次资产浪潮、以及以互联网、移动通讯网为代表的第二次资产浪潮已经过去，现在人们正面临着以物联网为背景下的第三次资产浪潮。一个万物互联的时代即将到来，各种智能化设备应用，人物感应，都逐步普及到社会各个角落。物联网即将取代互联网，这不是一个趋势，而是一个现实。
物联网的过去、现在和未来究竟如何？物联网对中国来说意味着什么？为什么说物联网是世界给中国的大礼包与机遇？物联网未来有哪些趋势？5月25日，加州大学伯克利博士、深圳市蜂群资产服务集团副总裁、深圳市蜂群物联孵化器有限公司CEO林昕，在深圳市物联网智能技术应用协会、中国网·中国物联网频道、深圳市蜂群物联网公益基金会共同主办的物联网创新应用论坛与社会影响力投资项目发布会上，进行题为“物联网的过去、现在和未来”的主题演讲，为现场嘉宾带来一场思维盛宴。
物联网对于中国有何意义？
林昕谈到，物联网不是一个普通的技术，它是一个重大的技术革命，2000年以来，中国连续得到了四个上天给予的大礼包。第一，中国加入WTO，美国总统特朗普认为WTO对美国来说是个亏本买卖，相反中国加入WTO后，出口贸易占世界份额从0跃居到35%，后来居上。第二，数字经济的红利，可以从两个层面来说：一是欧美国家的电讯基础设施在数字压缩技术出现前已经完成，而中国则是在数字压缩技术出现后开始的，因此我们以较低成本就完成了数字化基础建设。二是中国的数字技术被广泛应用在服务领域，如被称为“新四大发明之一”的移动支付，在欧美国家使用比例非常低。第三，得益于梅特卡夫效应。梅特卡夫效应是说在网络基础设施完成后，网络的价值与用户平方成正比，我国人口基数庞大，带来了巨大人口红利。第四，对中国来说，物联网技术和应用将释放更大的梅特卡夫效应。按照梅特卡夫效应原理，人与人链接的互联网时代，网络价值与13亿平方成正比;而万物互联的物联网时代，网络价值则是500亿台机器链接的平方成正比，价值空间可想而知。
物联网未来将如何发展？
林昕表示，物联网的发展经过了很长时间的变迁和探索，应该从以下几个方面入手，分析物联网的发展趋势。首先，从技术革命的角度来看，在历史演变的进程中，人类经历过很多次革命，比如工业革命、资讯技术革命等……但由于历史、政治、思想等多方面的原因，我国在清朝时期错过了工业革命，这直接导致了我们日后近百年的时间过着被屈辱被奴役的日子。其次，物业天津，从资讯技术革命的角度上来看，我国科技行业起步比较晚，但起步后国家在基础设施上进行了大量投资，促进了资讯技术的飞速发展。“我国现在的资讯技术水平不亚于世界上的任何一个国家，当今世界互联网十大公司有四家属于中国，这足以看出我们国人的实力。现在我们已经步入物联网技术革命时代，紧接而来的将是人工智能技术革命和基因新工程革命时代，在这一点上，美国的媒体就曾断言今后物联网技术革命的赢家会是中国。”
从数字经济的角度看，我国从1967年数字经济开始步入正轨后，先后经历了计算机时代和互联网时代，当下我们面临着数字经济的物联网时代，这也是数字经济的第三个阶段。“我们国家发展数字经济的时机非常好，我们只用了西方国家四分之一的成本就完成了他们之前的工作，也因此数字经济就是上天给予我们的一个大礼包。”
物联网实际就是互联网的下一个阶段，互联网时代，各个国家都走在增速的道路上，中国进步的速度更是令国外媒体咋舌。林昕坦言，基于我国的人口基数大，其实更加为互联网商业时代的发展提供了巨大的机遇。有人曾预计，中国物业搜索，物联网在2025年全世界会接500亿个点，西方的媒体认为，这500亿点80%-90%都会在在中国。“物联网，它是一个大号的梅特卡夫效应，500亿的连接正在发生，2020年以后会有一个更大的飞跃。”最后，林昕博士对中国物联网的未来进行了一个精彩的总结。

What would a good city look like
To make a better city, planners aimed at creating a city in which the insalubrious environment and social structure would be defeated by a reordering of physical and social arrangements, so that all the citizens could attain the benefits of beauty, community, and democracy In Harvey’s opinion, the better city should confront on the postmodernist challenge to political economy, and deal with environmental sustainable
However I think green buildings could make good cities, and also citizens will have a best quality of life According to the World Green Building Council’s definition, “to significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and on the building occupants, green building design and construction practices address: sustainable site planning, safeguarding water and water efficiency, energy efficiency, conservation of materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality”The green building, which is sustainable in the built environment, can reduce environmental impact but also provide better buildings The technologies associated with green buildings include:
-Energy conservation
-Water conservation
-Material selection
-Use of renewable materials
-Occupant health and indoor environment quality
-Site ecology
-Recycling
The green building can be residential, commercial, retail and industrial buildings For example, the green building uses water-mining plant to recycle water on toilet flushing, watering the garden, and washing cars The building also uses phase-change materials for cooling, automatic night-purge windows, wavy concrete ceilings, which saves a lot of money and become more sustainable
The idea of green and healthy cities is becoming more important nowadays The better city should be planed for health and well-being by planners, and they will mainly focus on service facilities, educations The good city will also need to be safe in community, and make community more walkable, and has an urban design with exquisite streetscape However the planner keeps developing new ideas of how cities should be changed, therefore the city will become more livable and sustainable in the future
Reference:
Susan S Fainstein, can we make the cities we want The urban movement
Richard Reed and Sara J Wilkinson (Oct, 2006) Green building-issues for the valuation process, Uiversity of Melbourne
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The ascendancy of the Net economy
As we cross the threshold into the next century, human society is beginning its move from the industrial economy into the knowledge-based economy The general trend is that the 21st century will be a new era of the knowledge-based economy As mentioned in my previous article, the most notable characteristics of this new era of the knowledge-based economy is information-driven economic growth and globalisation This article will deal with the information aspects of the knowledge-based economy
In more specific terms, the application of information to the economy is best exemplified in the networking of communication, or the so-called Net economy This Net refers to the computer network of satellites, optic fibres, cables and telephone lines that connect the whole world With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second
Singapore has an early start in networking If we deposit a sum of money at a particular POSB branch, we can withdraw our money from any other POSB branches in Singapore This was an early step in networking The networks of the future would have greater significance and implications
Generally, there are two aspects of the Net One is the networking between businesses and their customers The other is the networking between individual businesses, or the regional and even global networking between industrial production and scientific research The examples of the POSB and Internet shopping belong to the first aspect
From a long-term perspective, Internet shopping is but a low-level aspect of the Net, and it is not likely to become the most important trend After all, most merchandise are unsuitable for Internet shopping Besides, if everyone shops on the Net, what will happen to our Orchard Road Or New York's Broadway A friend said if he were to force his daughter to shop on the Net instead of letting her shop at Orchard Road, the daughter would rather kill herself
Therefore, the second aspect of the Net will be more important Its significance goes beyond that of connecting businesses There have been reports of simultaneous consultation of doctors from all over the world, surgery on the Net and cooperation in research and development made possible by the Internet These are early examples of high-level networking
The president of Intel, producer of the Pentium micro-processors, feels that the new synergy between computers and Net technology will have multiple implications for industry of the future The sheer power of electronic commerce (e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically Sporting goods company Puma was on the verge of bankruptcy back in 1992 From 1993, Puma began to diffuse its production, logistics and marketing divisions to 80 Net enterprises worldwide, and the results were spectacular Puma was transformed from a sickly feline into a magnificent beast The reason for this transformation is that intra- and inter-business electronic links greatly increase the efficiency of production, planning, the collecting of information and data exchange As the business is rapidly being rationalized, production figures go up while costs come down
The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of "electronic currency" With the emergence of a phantom electronic currency, everyone of us would be affected At the moment, developed areas in Europe, the United States and Asia are already studying the possibility of an electronic currency The main publication of the Association of Electrical Engineers of America even devoted a special edition to electronic currency
Electronic currency is not only about currency It refers to an entire finance system on the Net It includes a virtual numeric currency, an electronic system of withdrawals, transfers and loans, and Smartcards (electronic purses) of all shapes and sizes The appearance of an electronic currency system implies the emergence of "virtual banks" and "virtual enterprises"
Actually, the rudimentary beginnings of a virtual bank appeared in the US in 1995 as the Security First Network Bank, the world's first Internet bank Although it is a small and insignificant bank, it represents the trend of the future In time to come, we may even have to forsake the familiar paper currency
As the Net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward, resulting in the Internet itself becoming the world's largest emerging market Of course, this is just the beginning Although there are many companies which made huge profits investing in the Internet market, they tend to be small companies, like Yahoo, which has been basking in the limelight for quite some time To date, most companies are making losses
The Net and e-commerce will foster a large number of freelancers, and this will affect social structure in a big way The competition for technological superiority in the era of the knowledge-based economy will also be more intense This will definitely promote greater (even global) and more efficient cooperation to maintain competitiveness The highly efficient research and development work conducted on the worldwide Net is best suited for small and medium enterprises to band together and break the monopolies of the "giants"
It is not hard to see that within this new Net economy, especially with its electronic currency and virtual banks, lurks an imminent danger The writer will elaborate on this danger after expounding the other characteristic of the era of the knowledge-based economy-- globalization
经济网络化方兴未艾
在当今跨世纪的年代，人类社会正开始从工业经济这第二阶段开始转入知识经济的第三阶段。21世纪将会是知识经济的新时代。这是一个总趋势。以前有文章也已经谈到，知识经济新时代最显著的特点就是经济发展的信息化和全球化。本文先展望一下信息化这个方面。
具体说，信息化主要是反映在沟通手段的网络化，也就是所谓的网络经济。这网络就是指由卫星、光纤、电缆和电话线路把世界各个角落联系到一起的电脑网络。只要用鼠标一点，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的光速跑到你的电脑荧光屏上。
新加坡是网络化开始得比较早的地区。我们在储蓄银行一个分行存了钱，可以在该行全岛的任何其他分行取钱，就是网络化的一个初步形式。只是未来的网络化，其意义远为深而广。
网络化大致可以有两个方面：一是企业与客户之间供售关系的网络化。二是各企业之间的业务关系，甚至是工业生产和科学研究在地区范围内，以至于全球范围内的网络化。银行的例子和已出现的网上购物，就属于第一个方面。
从长远看，网上购物仅仅是低层次的网络化，未必会成为主要的趋向。毕竟大多数东西并不便于网上购物。何况，大家都在网上购物，我们的乌节路怎么办，纽约的百老汇怎么办？朋友说，要他的女儿在网上购物而不去乌节路，无异于逼她跳楼。
所以说，网络化的第二个方面将会是主要的。它不仅仅只是商务联系，其深远意义还在更高的层次上。曾报道过的全球医生会诊，网上外科手术和通过网络协作科研，就是这种高层次网络化的先例。
生产奔腾(Pentium)微处理器的英特尔公司总裁格罗夫(Grove)认为，新的电脑和网络技术的结合将会对未来产业带来十倍速的影响。通过网络的电子商务(Electronic Commerce)的惊人威力会使贸易发生巨变。美洲豹体育用品公司(Puma)在92年已濒临破产。93年起美洲豹把生产，后勤和销售分散到全世界八十个电脑联网企业，结果成绩斐然，美洲豹从一只病猫恢复成了真正的猛兽。
其原因是这种企业内部或企业之间的电子网络大大提高了生产、统筹、信息综合和资料交换的效率，使业务迅速合理化，不仅促进了生产，也大幅度地降低了成本。
电子商务的高度发展，很可能会把世界带进一个“电子货币”的崭新时代。电子货币这个幽灵的出现，实实在在会冲击到我们每一个人。目前欧美和亚洲的先进地区都已经开始对电子货币进行研究。今年初，最权威的美国电子电气工程师协会的总刊还专门为电子货币出了一期专辑。
所谓电子货币，它并不只是单单指钱币，而是泛指一个电子网络化的金融系统。它包括真正的电子虚拟数字钱币，电子出纳转帐借贷系统和各种形式的智慧卡（电子钱包）。电子货币系统的出现必然又会反过来导致“虚拟银行”和“虚拟企业”的出现。
其实，这种虚拟银行的雏形，全球第一家网络银行(Security First Network Bank)早在1995年就已经在美国出现。虽然它只是微不足道的一家小银行，却代表了未来的潮流。到时候，我们说不定真的会不得不告别那习惯了的纸币。
在网络化高速地推动经济的同时，经济也反过来推动网络市场，使得网络本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。当然在目前而言，还仅仅是一个开始。尽管在投资网络市场中赚大钱的公司已经很多，但往往还是一些小公司。如出足风头的雅虎(Yahoo)就是一例。迄今为止，多数公司还是赔钱的。
网络化和电子商务的潮流将会造就大量的自由职业者，对社会的结构会造成深远的影响。知识经济时代的科技竞争也会更激烈。这必定会促进更大更广以至在全球范围进行高效率的协作，以保持竞争力。这种全球网络化的高效率科学研究尤其适合中小型企业联合起来打破“巨人”的垄断。
不难预见到，这种新的网络化经济，特别是电子货币和虚拟银行，潜在着极为深刻的危机。在进一步介绍了知识经济新时代另一个“全球化”的特点以后，笔者将试对其潜在的危机加以探讨

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