功率半导体是指什么？

分类: 教育/科学 >>科学技术 >>工程技术科学

解析:

“power semiconductor device”和“power integrated circuit(简写为power IC或PIC)”直译就是功率半导体器件和功率集成电路。

在国际上与该技术领域对应的最权威的学术会议就叫做International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs，即功率半导体器件和功率集成电路国际会议。

“power”这个词可译为动力、能源、功率等，而在中文里这些词的含义不是完全相同的。由于行业的动态发展，“power”的翻译发生了变化。

从上世纪六七十年代至八十年代初，功率半导体器件主要是可控硅整流器(SCR)、巨型晶体管(GTR)和其后的栅关断晶闸管(GTO)等。它们的主要用途是用于高压输电，以及制造将电网的380V或220V交流电变为各种各样直流电的中大型电源和控制电动机运行的电机调速装置等，这些设备几乎都是与电网相关的强电装置。因此，当时我国把这些器件的总称———power semiconductor devices没有直译为功率半导体器件，而是译为电力电子器件，并将应用这些器件的电路技术power electronics没有译为功率电子学，而是译为电力电子技术。与此同时，与这些器件相应的技术学会为中国电工技术学会所属的电力电子分会，而中国电子学会并没有与之相应的分学会；其制造和应用的行业归口也划归到原第一机械工业部和其后的机械部，这些都是顺理成章的。实际上从直译看，国外并无与电力电子相对应的专业名词，即使日本的“电力”与中文的“电力”也是字型相同而含义有别。此外，当时用普通晶体管集成的小型电源电路———功率集成电路，并不归属于电力电子行业，而是和其他集成电路一起归口到原第四机械工业部和后来的电子工业部。

20世纪80年代以后，功率半导体行业发生了翻天覆地的变化。功率半导体器件变为以功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(功率MOSFET，常简写为功率MOS)、绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)以及功率集成电路(power IC，常简写为PIC)为主。

这一转变的主要原因是，这些器件或集成电路能在比以前高10倍以上的频率下工作，而电路在高频工作时能更节能、节材，能大幅减少设备体积和重量。尤其是集成度很高的单片片上功率系统(power system on a chip，简写PSOC)，它能把传感器件与电路、信号处理电路、接口电路、功率器件和电路等集成在一个硅芯片上，使其具有按照负载要求精密调节输出和按照过热、过压、过流等情况自我进行保护的智能功能，其优越性不言而喻。国际专家把它的发展喻为第二次电子学革命。

表示被从力量半导体,在弦音器中被从一个直流来源喂喂的一个松鼠笼归纳法马达．在上面， AC 松鼠笼马达不产生一个交换或岔路正弦波如着名的。 假如：它被需要提供可调整 freqquency 的效果给马达。 被迫的交换必须然后用来关掉装置。

The power semiconductor device and the micro electron

power semiconductor device is in the semiconductor device important link, it and the micro electron component relations is close, because the micro electron component required power semiconductor device forms a complete set provides its power source and the execution system.If develops rapidly computer, when CPU from 286,486, to gallops I, II, III, IV…When development, to took the power source the power semiconductor request increasingly is also harsh.For example the present is developing the voltage to be smaller than 1 volt, on the electric current hundred amperes power sources, this must develop the newest MOSFET component to be able to meet the needs.In order to achieve these renew unceasingly the performance index, the power semiconductor device must use the micro electron component similar fine craft.This will also be this article is detailed narrates.

The power semiconductor device and the integrated circuit close union, in the one has arranged in order four aspects in the chart: Namely

1) power and micro electron component in chip manufacture craft already day by day close: The power MOS component in order to achieve a better performance, for example requests to pass condition the resistance lowly, its craft already from 20 year ago several microns technologies rapidly to submicron even deep submicron development.This and the micro electron component development is consistent.

2) the MOS component seal technology is also approaching to the integrated circuit.These for years, the power MOS component has used has inverted (Flip) likely, ball grid array (BGA) and packing forms and so on multi-chip module (MCM).These all are the quite new integrated circuit packing forms.

3) looked from the component structure that, makes the power MOS component and the integrated circuit in the identical chip perhaps the identical packing, is one of recent development directions.Therefore the power semiconductor device equates simply for established separately the component no longer to be appropriate.Take the IR Corporation product as the example, the power integrated circuit, perhaps and IC does in the same place power component, as well as the special advanced component, held its product one above the half.

4) the comprehensive solution (Total Solution) is each kind of component finally conceives.Seeks the component the function integrity, in the solution application all questions is the component manufacturer's ideal.Had the integrated circuit to enter the power semiconductor device, this kind of comprehensive solution plan was easier to realize.Not only to the low power direction is so, even the high efficiency direction is also pursuing a greater integration rate and the comprehensive solution.Certainly, contains all functions by a component not necessarily forever is the preferred plan.For example must consider the rate of finished products the loss, but also must pay attention to the protection customer to develop the electric circuit on own initiative the enthusiasm.

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