标准前面GB是国标的意思

GB 即"国标"的汉语拼音缩写，为中华人民共和国国家标准的意思．

国标编码就是中华人民共和国信息交换汉字编码标准（GB2312－80），

在此标准中制定了每一个汉字及非汉字符号的编码。规定将汉字字符分为87个区，

每个区有94个汉字（94位），因此共制定了87x94＝8178个汉字、字符。

每一个字符的编码由2个字节(Byte, 一个字节有8位--Bit, 可以有256种不同表示)构

成（分别称为高字节和低字节），其值分别为其区位码值各加上32（既16进制的

20H），方便起见把这称作国标码，则国标码所覆盖的范围为2121H－777EH，

如中国的“中”字位于54区48位，其国标码就是5650H。当想在由西方人发明的

计算机中使用汉字时，由于国标码的范围与计算机中使用的 ASCII 码（American Standard

Code for Information Interchange，美国信息交换标准码，只用了一个字节中的低7位，

范围是32-126这95个）重叠，无法分出哪个是中文哪个是西文，于是规定将国标码的高低

字节的最高位均置1（Set the MSB，相当于加上128--16进制的80H），来使之区分于

ASCII 码。这样，在计算机中使用的汉字编码实际上是真正的国标码的高位置1后的变形

码（以后称此码为 GB 码），编码范围是0A1A1H－0F7FEH，前面的“中”字

的 GB 码就是0D6D0H。

在国标中规定：

1区是标点符号及下列以外的各种符号

2区是各种各样的数字符号

3区是全角西文字符（英文字母,数字,符号等）

4区是日文平假名

5区是日文片假名

6区是希腊字母表

7区是俄文字母表

8区是中文拼音字母表

9区是制表符号

10区－15区目前空着备用，

16区－55区是按拼音字母排序的常用汉字（一级汉字）

56区－87区是按部首笔画排序的非常用汉字（二级汉字）

(区位码表)

HZ码是中国留学生为了使汉字信息能在网络上直接传送而产生的。因目前大多数

（西方）网络系统为7位，最高位被屏蔽掉，因此 GB 码无法被直接传输，HZ 码规定

一个~紧接着一个{标志着从此开始的代码是国标码，一直到遇到一个~后紧接着一个}，

或本行结束为止。既利用国标码高字节（区）中没有的~(7EH)，形成进入(Escape in)

--~{，及退出(Escape out)--~}标志，以达到在7位网络系统中直接传递汉字信息的目的。

此时真正的一个的~及后接{符号由两个连续的~~及后接{来表示。

Big5 码是在台湾和香港等地广为使用的计算机汉字编码方案，使用的是繁体字，

因最高位被置1，所以也不能直接在7位的网络系统中传输。

JIS 既 Japan Industry Standard（日本工业标准－－同 GB 意思一样），

但目前在日本的计算机中使用的编码系统较为混乱，常用的有 JIS 码（与 HZ 码类似，

采用进入－退出标志方式），Shift-JIS 码（NEC个人计算机，即NEC98系列均采用此

种编码）和 EUC 编码（与 GB 码一样，采用高低字节最高位均置1来区别于 ASCII 码）

等几种方式，日本的网络系统规定在其上传输电子邮件用 JIS 编码。

PMI-ACP®（Agile Certified Practitioner）是由美国项目管理协会（PMI）于2011年在全球206个国家和地区推出的敏捷实践专业人士资格认证，是目前敏捷领域知识面广，权威度高的没有偏见的敏捷项目管理内容学习，中国每年参加认证考试的人数以100%的速度增长，成为敏捷管理专业人士身份的象征。

PMI为什么要开发PMI-ACP®证书？

在项目管理领域，敏捷方法是一个不断发展的主题。PMI市场研究表明，项目管理从业者正在将敏捷原则与实践用于成功的项目管理。此外，以下证据也表明，各行业对敏捷证书的需求正在不断增加：

.PMI会员、证书持有者和采纳了敏捷原则与实践的个人希望PMI为其提供认证、认可与培训机会。

.许多拥有传统项目管理技能的项目专业人员认识到，众多行业与组织对敏捷原则与实践的需求正在不断增加。这些从业者都迫切希望将敏捷原则与实践加入他们的项目管理技能集。

.为内部和外部客户提供项目管理服务的企业组织也意识到了敏捷原则与实践带来的价值：加快项目交付，减少因误解或错误确定需求而产生的浪费与成本。

敏捷原则与实践能够为组织带来哪些价值？

采用敏捷原则与实践的组织声称，他们通过敏捷技能获得了以下价值：

.适应不断变化的业务需求，使组织得以对需求的增加、变化或消除施加更多影响

.尽早提供持续客户反馈，改进了企业与客户之间的交流，也为企业所有者提供支持，帮助他们获取并审查重要信息，用于做出正确决策，引导项目在开发流程中的发展方向

.尽早获得可测投资回报

.提高项目进度的可见性和影响力，有助于及早发现问题

.采用递增式交付，取代项目结束时的一次性交付模式，减少了产品与流程浪费。

所以PMI敏捷认证对从业人员有这些方面的提升：

第一层敏捷的实践知识

第二层对各种不同敏捷术语的理解

第三层在各种环境下，应用敏捷方法的能力

第四层对敏捷方法的理解

从而帮助从业人员更好的掌握敏捷项目管理方法并应用于实践。

常用缩写

AAMOF as a matter of fact

ADN any day now

AFAIC as far as I'm concerned

AFAICS as far as I can see

AFAICT as far as I can tell

AFAIK ＝ as far as I know 就我所知

AFAIR as far as I remember

AFK away from keyboard

AISB as I said before

AISI as I see it

AIUI as I understand it

AKA - " Also Known As"

AKA also known as

ANFAWFOS and now for a word from our sponsor

ANFSCD And now for something completely different...

ARP - " Address Resolution Protocol"

ARQ - " Automatic Repeat Request"

ASAP as soon as possible

ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) ：美国信息交换标准码。

ASP(Active Server Pages) ：是一种基于 Windows NT 的 IIS 的服务器端的脚本编写环境。

ATLA another three letter acronym

AWGTHTGTATA Are we going to have to go through all this again?

AWGTHTGTTA Are we going to have to go through this again?

AYOR at your own risc

BAK back at keyboard

BBL be back later 稍后便回

BBS - " Bulletin Board Software" and " Bulletin Board System"

BBS be back soon

BCNU be seeing you

BF boyfriend

BFN bye for now

Big5 ：大五码，中文内码之一， 此码代表中文繁体字， 为港、台地区广泛使用。

BIOS(Basic Input and Output System) ：基本输入输出系统。

BOT back on topic

BRB ＝ be right back 很快回来

Browser ：浏览器，一种可在 Internet 上任何地方查找和访问文件的程序， 如网景公司 (Netscape) 所推出的 Netscape Navigator 或微软公司 (Microsoft) 的 Microsoft Internet Explorer 。

BSD - " Berkeley Software Distribution"

BSF but seriously folks

BST but seriously though

BTAIM be that as it may

BTDT been there done that

BTHOM Beats the hell outta me!

BTSOOM Beats the shit out of me!

BTW ＝ by the way 顺便说一下

BTWBO Be there with bells on.

Cc: - " Carbon Copy"

CD(Compact Disc) ：光盘。

CGI - " Comman Gateway Interface"

CGI(Common Gateway Interface) ：通用网关接口，通用网关接口，是 Web 服务器与外部应用程序之间的一个接口标准。

CIU(Computer Interface Unit) ：计算机接口部件。

CMIIW Correct me if I'm wrong.

COTFLGOHAHA Crawling on the floor laughing guts out and having a heart attack.

CU See you.

CUA commonly used acronym

CUL See you later. 再会

CUL8R See you later.

CWYL Chat with you later.

CYA Cover your ass.

D&C Duck and cover.

DBMS(Date Base Mananement System) ：数据库管理系统。

DC ＝ Washington D ． C 华盛顿特区

DDE(Dynamic Date Exchang) ：动态数据交换。

DEC(Digital Equipment Corporation) ：数字设备公司。

DES - " Data Encryption Standard"

DIIK ＝ damned if I know 我的确不知道

DILLIGAD Do I look like I give a darn?!

DILLIGAF Do I look like I give a fuck!

DIY do it yourselves

DIY(er)(Do It Yourself) ：自己动手做，泛指 *** 作、使用、安装、维护计算机的人。

DNPM darn near pissed myself

DNS - " Domain Name Service"

Domain ：域，称为网络区域， 每区有独立的运行方式。

DOS(Disk Operating System) ：磁盘 *** 作系统，是一种早期最常见的 *** 作系统。

DUCWIC Do you see what I see?

DVD(Digital Video Disk) ：数字视盘。

DWISNWID Do what I say not what I do.

DYHWIH Do you hear what I hear?

DYJHIW Don't You just hate it when...

E2EG ear to ear grin

EIDE(Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics interface) ：增强型集成驱动器电子接口标准，传输速度高，适于大硬盘。

EIN(Educational Information Network) ：教育信息网。

Elm - " Electronic Mail for UNIX"

E-mail ：电子邮（函）件，是计算机应用软件的通用术语， 可使用户在不同的计算机上发送信息， 电子邮件是网络上最常用的通信方式。

EOD end of discussion

EOF end of file

EOS end of show

ESAL Eat shit and live!

ETLA extended three letter acronym

FAAK falling asleep at keyboard

FAFWOA for a friend without access

FAQ - " Frequently asked questions"

Fcc: - " File Carbon Copy"

FIFO first in first out

Firewall ：防火墙，用来分割网域、过滤传送和接收资料、及防制非法入侵。

FITB Fill in the blank.

FOAD Fuck off and die.

FOAF friend of a friend

FOAFOAG father of a friend of a girlfriend

FOAG father of a girlfriend

FOC free of charge

FTASB faster than a speeding bullet

FTF ＝ face to face 面对面

FTL faster than light

FTP - " File Transfer Protocol" (now often seen in lower case as " ftp" )

FTP(File Transfer Protocol) ：文件传输协议，是 Internet 网上最早使用的文件传输程序。

FU fucked up

FUBAR - " F'd Up Beyond All Recognition"

FUBAR fucked up beyond all recognition

FUBB fouled up beyond belief

FUD (spreading) fear, uncertainty, and disinformation

FWIW ＝ for what it's worth 对其价值而言

FYA for Your amusement

FYE for Your entertainment

FYI ＝ for your information 供参考

GA go ahead

GAFIA get away from it all

GAL get a life

Gateway ：网关，资料传输在不同的网段相接的接口。

GB ：国标码，中文内码之一， 此码代表中文简体字， 为中国大陆广泛使用。

GD&R - " Grinning, Ducking and Running (After snide remark)"

GF girlfriend

GFAK go fly a kite

GG - " Good Game"

GGN gotta go now

GIGO garbage in, garbage out

GIWIST Gee, I wish I'd said that.

GMT - " Greenwich Mean Time"

GMTA great minds think alike

GNU - " GNU is Not Unix (recursive)"

GR&D grinning, running &ducking

GTFOOMF Get the fuck out of my face.

GUI - " Graphical Users Interface"

HAK hugs and kisses

HAND - " Have A Nice Day"

HAND have a nice day

HLOL hysterically laughing out loud

HLOLARAWCHAWMP hysterically laughing out loud and rolling around while clapping hands and wetting my pants

homepage ：主页，在任何超文本系统中， 作为进入 Web 有关文档的初始入口点的文档。

HOMPR Hang on, mobile phone's ringing.

HP who's then running horrified into the street beeing killed accidentally by a yellow bulldozer ROTFLBTCUTS ... ... unable to stop

HTH - " Hope This/To Help(s)"

HTML - " HyperText Markup Language"

HTML ：超文本标示语言，此语言专用在全球互联网上， 为网上标准格式化的一种， 需用浏览器来观看。

HTTP - " HyperText Transfer Protocol"

HTTP ：超文本传送方式，此为网页常用的传送方式之一。

HWS(PEST) husband wants sex (please excuse slow typing)

hyperlink ：超链，此为连接另一些网页的入囗， 含有此连接点的文字通常以蓝字底线显示。

hypertext ：超文本，此文件规格含有超文本处理语言， 可以通过链接至其它地方， 用於网页上。

IAC in any case

IAE ＝ in any event 无论如何

IAE in any event

IANAL I am not a lawyer (also IANAxxx, such as IANACPA)

IANALBIPOOTV I am not a lawyer, but I play one on TV

IARTPFWTSIOWIM I am repeating this parrot-fashion with out the slightest idea of what it means.

IBC inadequate, but cute

IBTD I beg to differ.

IC ＝ I see 我明白

ICCL - " I Could Care Less"

ICMP(Internet Control Messages Protocol) ： Internet 信报控制协议，如果服务器关闭了该协议服务，那么你将无法" ping" 通它。

IDE(Integrated Drive Electronices interface) ：集成驱动器电子接口标准，是硬盘广泛使用的一种接口标准。

IDGAD I don't give a damn.

IDGAS I don't give a shit.

IDK I don't know IDK - " I don't know"

IHTFP - " I have truly found paradise" (or: I hate this f'n place)

IIRC - " If I Recall Correctly"

IIRC If I recall correctly

IITYWIMWYBMAD If I tell you what it means will you buy me a drink?

IITYWTMWYKM If I tell you what this means will you kiss me?

IIWM if it were me (mine)

ILIWTPCT I love it when the plan comes together

ILSHIBAMF I laughed so hard I broke all my furniture!

IMAP(Internet Message Access Protocol) 协议： Internet 消息访问协议，这是一种比 POP3 协议更具先进特性的协议。

IMBO in my biased opinion

IMCAO in my completely arrogant opinion (Use for attracting flames!)

IMCO in my considered opinion

IME in my experience

IMHO ＝ in my humble opinion 依本人愚见

IMNSHO in my not so humble opinion

IMO ＝ in my opinion 在我看来

INPO in no particular order

IO - " Input Output" As in file IO.

IOW ＝ in other words 换句话说

IP Address ：网络协定位址，又称网络地址、 IP 地址， 此地址在全球网络上独一无二， 不可重复。

IP(Internet Protocol) ：网络协议。

IRC - " Internet Relay Chat"

IRL in real life

ISA(Industrial Standard Architecture) ：工业标准结构，是即将淘汰的一种总线结构。

ISO(International Organization for Standardization) ：国际标准化组织。

ISP - " Internet Service Provider"

ISP(Internet Setvice Provider) ： Internet 服务提供商。

ISTM it seems to me

ISTR I seem to recall

IT(Information Technology) ：信息技术。

ITA I totally agree

IYKWIM - " If You Know What I Mean"

IYKWIMAITYD - " If You Know What I Mean And I Think You Do"

IYSWIM If You see what I mean.

JAM Just a minute.

Java ：爪哇语言， Java 是 SUN 公司的编程语言， 用于编制面向网络的小应用程序 (Applet) ， 墒雇�秤卸��男Ч�霸怂愕哪芰Α?

JavaScript ：这是一种在网页中使用的描述语言，可以使网页变得生动活泼。微软版的 JavaScript 被称之为 JScript ，可以在 ASP 中使用。

JM2C - " Just My 2 Cents"

KISS keep it simple, stupid

L ＆ R ＝ later 稍后

LAN - " Local Area Network"

LAN(Local Area Network) ：局域网。

LIFO last in first out

LLTA Lots and lots of thunderous applause!

LMFAO Laughing my fucking ass off.

LOL ＝ laughing out loud 大声笑

LSHMSH laughing so hard my side hurts

LTIP laughing till I puke

MB(Mega Byte) ：百万字节，也称找兆字节，为 1024*1024 个字节。

MDA - " Mail Delivery Agent"

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor"

MFG more friendly garbage

MFTL my favorite toy language

MHOTY my hat's off to you

MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) ：乐器数字接口。

MIME - " Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions"

MMIF my mouth is full MOSFET - "

MTFBWY May the force be with you!

MTG ＝ meeting 会议

MUD - " Multiple User Dungeon" an interactive multiuser game

MYOB Mind your own business!

NALOPKT Not a lot of people know that.

NBD no big deal

NFI no friggin' idea

NFW no fucking way

NH - " Nice Hand"

NIMBY not in my back yard

NIT ＝ night 晚上

NNTP - " Network News Transfer Protocol"

NOS(Network Operate System) ：网络 *** 作系统。

NRN ＝ no reply necessary 不必回答

NS(Network Service) ：网络服务。

NTL nevertheless

NTP - " Network Time Protocol"

NTTAWWT not that there's anything wrong with that

NY ＝ New York 纽约

O.K. - abbreviation of " oll korrect"

OAO over and out

OATUS on a totally unrelated subject

OAUS on an unrelated subject

OBTW oh, by the way

OIC Oh ， I see ．我明白了。

OICQ 使用的便是本协议。

OLE(Object Linking and Embedding) ：对象链接与嵌入。

OLL KORRECT, so the abreviation for those words were O.K.

ONNA Oh no, not again!

ONNTA Oh no, not this again!

OOTB out of the box (brand new)

OOTC obligatory on-topic comment

OS(Operating System) ： *** 作系统。

OSF - " Open Software Foundation"

OSI(Open System Intercinnection) ：开放系统互连。

OTC Over the counter

OTOH ＝ on the other hand 另一方面

OTOOH on the other other hand

OTT over the top

OTTH on the third hand

OTTOMH off the top of my head

OTTOMHAROOB off the top of my head and rolling out of bounds

OTW on the whole

OWTTE or words to that effect P.S. - " Post Script"

PCI(Peripherial Component Interconnect) ：外围设备互连，也是一种总线结构。

PD public domain

PEM ＝ privacy enhanced mail 保密邮件

PERL - " Pratical Extraction and Reporting Language" or " Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister" "

Perl 语言：目前在写 CGI 程序中最流行的一种语言， 大部份用来写给通用网关接口处理一些网页传送。

PINE - " Pine Is Not Elm"

PITA pain in the ass

PLS ＝ please 请

PMFJI - " Pardon Me For Jumping In (another polite way to get into a running discussion"

PMIGBOM Put mind in gear, before opening mouth!

PMJI - " Pardon My Jumping In (another polite way to get into a running discussion"

PMYMHMMFSWGAD Pardon me, you must have mistaken me for some one who gives a damn

POP3 协议：电子邮件接收协议第三版，支持该协议的电子邮件服务器允许用户把服务器端的电子邮件用电子邮件收发程序接收到本地来。

POV point of view PovRay - " Persistence of Vision Ray Tracer"

PPP - " Point-to-Point Protocol"

PS - " Post Script"

RAEBNC Read and enjoyed, but no comment.

RARP - " Reverse Address Resolution Protocol"

Re: - " Regarding" . Often used in mail software.

Req: - " Request" .

RFC - " Request For Comments"

ROTBA reality on the blink again

ROTFFNAR rolling on the floor for no apparent reason

ROTFL ＝ rolling on the floor laughing 笑得在地上打滚

ROTFLAHMS ... and holding my sides

ROTFLASTC ... and scaring the cat

ROTFLBTC ... biting the carpet

ROTFLBTCACTC ... ... and scaring the cat

ROTFLBTCASTCIIHO ... ... ... if I had one

ROTFLBTCDICAJTTWADBSIHPWTRHITSBKABAYB ... dancing in circles and jumping through the window almost dieing by smashing into

ROTFLGO ... guts out

ROTFLMAO - " Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass Off"

ROTFLOL ... out loud

ROTFLOLVH ... out loud very hard

ROTFLSTC ... scaring the cat

ROTFTPOF ... trying to put out flames

ROTFWTIME rolling on the floor with tears in my eyes

RSN real soon now (which may be a long time coming)

RTF - " Rich Text Format"

RTFAQ read the FAQ RTFI read the fucking instructions

RTFM read the fucking manual

RTFMA read the fucking manual, again

RTFMS Read the fucking manual, sir! (from the military)

RTM ＝ read the manual 读指导手册

RUOK Are You OK? SBCN Sitting behind the computer naked.

SCNR Sorry, couldn`t resist.

SCSI(Small Computer Standand Interface) ：小型计算机磁盘标准接口。

SGML - " Standard Generalized Markup Language"

SHM Shit happens, mate. SICS sitting in chair snickering

SIMCA sitting in my chair amused

SITD still in the dark SLIP - " Serial Line Internet Protocol"

SMOP small matter of programming

SMTP - " Simple Mail Transfer Protocol"

SMTP 服务器才能被发送出去。

SMTP(Simple Message Transfer Protocol) 协议：简单邮件传输协议，用于电子邮件的传输。电子邮件需要有

SNAFU situation normal, all fucked up

SNR signal to noise ratio

SO significant other

SOHF - " Sense Of Humor Failure"

SOI stunk on ice sp? - abbreviation of " spelling?"

SPAM - " Stupid Persons' AdvertiseMent "

SWAG - " Scientific Wild Ass Guess

SWALK - " Sealed With A Loving Kiss"

SWISH - " Simple Web Indexing System for Humans"

TAFN that's all for now

TANJ there ain't no justice

TANSTAAFL there ain't no such thing as a free lunch

TARFU things are really fouled up

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)/IP(Internet Protocol) 协议：用于网络的一组通讯协议，包括传输协议和网际协议。

TCP/IP - " Transmissions Control Protocol/Internet Protocol"

TGAL think globally, act locally

THOT ＝ thought 思想

TIA - " The Internet Adaptor"

TIA ＝ thanks in advance 先谢谢了

TIC tongue in cheek

TINALO this is not a legal opinion

TINAR this is not a recommendation

TINWIS that is not what I said

TLA ＝ three-letter acronyms 三个字母的缩写词

TLA VG ＝ very good 非常好

TMTOWTDI there's more than one way to do it

TNOTVS theres nothing on TV so,....

TNX thanks TPS(S) this program sucks (severely)

TPTB the powers that be

TRDMC tears running down my cheeks

TSOHF total sense of humor failure

TTBOMK to the best of my knowledge

TTFN ta ta for now

TTUL ＝ talk to you later 以后再说

TTY - " Tele-TYpe"

TTYL talk to you later

TTYRS talk to you real soon

TUFD the user file died

TVM thanks very much

TWIMC - " To Whom It May Concern"

TYCLO Turn your CAPS LOCK off. (Quit shouting.)

TYVM ＝ thank you very much 非常感谢

U ＝ you 你

UBD user brain damage

UDP - " User Datagram Protocol"

UDP(User Datagram Protocol) 协议：用户数据报协议，这是一种架设于TCP/IP 协议之上的快速协议，但不具备较好的安全性

UPGS unfinished project guilt syndrome

UPS(Uninterrupted Power Supply) ：不间断电源。

UR ＝ your 你的

URL - " Uniform Resource Locator"

URL ：全球资源统一定位符，网页在全球互联网上独一无二的定位点。

UTC under the counter

UTT under the table

VCD(Video Compact Disc) ：可视光盘。

VETLA very enhanced

VGA(Video Graphica Array) ：视频图形阵列。

VR virtual reality

VRAM(Video Read Access Memory) ：显示存储器，供显示卡使用。

VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) ：虚拟实境模拟语言， 此语言可使网页产生虚拟现实 (Virtual Reality) 的立体动画效果。

WAB? What another bill?

WAG wild ass guess

WAIS - " Wide Area Information Server "

WAIS(Wide Area Information Server) ：广域网信息服务。

WAN - " Wide Area Networks "

WAN(Wide Area Network) ：广域网或称远距离网络。

WDYMBT What do you mean by that?

WEDS ／ WEDNES ＝ Wednesday 星期三

WGAS Who gives a shit?

WIBAMU Well, I'll be a monkey's uncle.

WIBNI would it be nice if

WMMOWS Wash my mouth out with soap!

WNOHGB where no one has gone before

WRT ＝ with respect to 关于

WRT with regard to

WT without thinking

WTH what the hell

WTTM without thinking too much

WWW or 3W - " World Wide Web "

WWW( World Wide Web) ：万维网，是 Internet 上发展最快的部分， 需用浏览器查阅。

WYLABOCTGWTR Would you like a bowl of cream to go with that remark?

WYLASOMWTC Would you like a saucer of milk with that comment?

WYSIWYG ＝ what you see is what you get 所见即所得

WYTYSYDG What you thought you saw, you didn't get.

YAOTM yet another off-topic message

YHGASP You have got a serious problem

YMMV - " Your Mileage May Vary" (You may not have the same luck I did)

YWIA - " You're welcome in advance"

YWSYLS You win some, you lose some

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