功率半导体是指什么？

分类: 教育/科学 >>科学技术 >>工程技术科学

解析:

“power semiconductor device”和“power integrated circuit(简写为power IC或PIC)”直译就是功率半导体器件和功率集成电路。

在国际上与该技术领域对应的最权威的学术会议就叫做International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs，即功率半导体器件和功率集成电路国际会议。

“power”这个词可译为动力、能源、功率等，而在中文里这些词的含义不是完全相同的。由于行业的动态发展，“power”的翻译发生了变化。

从上世纪六七十年代至八十年代初，功率半导体器件主要是可控硅整流器(SCR)、巨型晶体管(GTR)和其后的栅关断晶闸管(GTO)等。它们的主要用途是用于高压输电，以及制造将电网的380V或220V交流电变为各种各样直流电的中大型电源和控制电动机运行的电机调速装置等，这些设备几乎都是与电网相关的强电装置。因此，当时我国把这些器件的总称———power semiconductor devices没有直译为功率半导体器件，而是译为电力电子器件，并将应用这些器件的电路技术power electronics没有译为功率电子学，而是译为电力电子技术。与此同时，与这些器件相应的技术学会为中国电工技术学会所属的电力电子分会，而中国电子学会并没有与之相应的分学会；其制造和应用的行业归口也划归到原第一机械工业部和其后的机械部，这些都是顺理成章的。实际上从直译看，国外并无与电力电子相对应的专业名词，即使日本的“电力”与中文的“电力”也是字型相同而含义有别。此外，当时用普通晶体管集成的小型电源电路———功率集成电路，并不归属于电力电子行业，而是和其他集成电路一起归口到原第四机械工业部和后来的电子工业部。

20世纪80年代以后，功率半导体行业发生了翻天覆地的变化。功率半导体器件变为以功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(功率MOSFET，常简写为功率MOS)、绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)以及功率集成电路(power IC，常简写为PIC)为主。

这一转变的主要原因是，这些器件或集成电路能在比以前高10倍以上的频率下工作，而电路在高频工作时能更节能、节材，能大幅减少设备体积和重量。尤其是集成度很高的单片片上功率系统(power system on a chip，简写PSOC)，它能把传感器件与电路、信号处理电路、接口电路、功率器件和电路等集成在一个硅芯片上，使其具有按照负载要求精密调节输出和按照过热、过压、过流等情况自我进行保护的智能功能，其优越性不言而喻。国际专家把它的发展喻为第二次电子学革命。

功率半导体器件，也叫电力电子器件均具有导通和阻断两种工作特性。原理是：通过控制门极信号控制功率半导体器件的导通和关断。半控型器件，只可控制其导通，不可控制其关断。全控型器件，导通和关断都可控制。

In addition to improvements in chip performance, the shell packaging technology is also a great breakthrough, IR inversion in the development of field-effect transistor, also known as "FlipFET" on the basis of this year introduced the DirectFET, as shown in Figure 6. Its source and gate inversion result can be directly welded in the printed circuit board, the drain at the top of the weld metal in its shell, if necessary, by the radiator or direct contact with the equipment enclosure. DirectFET size equivalent to the traditional SO-8 plastic (plastic with an area of about 4x5 mm2) shell. In such a small device, the first structure of a double-sided cooling. It is a lead frame, no-lead solder joints of the device, it brought about a series of advantages: it's non-resistor chip package (DFPR) is only 0. 1mW, device thickness of only 0. 7mm, resistance and parasitic inductance have dropped significantly. Such characteristics make it especially suitable for the above-mentioned computer of the latest generation of CPU. In the multi-phase circuits, each with only two of 30 security DirectFET can transfer current. Increase its current rate of 400 per delicate security, the working frequency of 1-2 MHz.

Secondly, you must be focused on power semiconductor devices in the IC direction: as a result of the development of MOSFET and IGBT, and their matching to provide a trigger signal power integrated circuit PIC (Power IC) have also developed rapidly. At that time, also known as MOS gate drive MGD (MOS Gate Driver) or control integrated circuit CIC (Control IC). With the expansion of the scope of application: such as motor drives, lighting, various power supply and so on, CIC of the cultivars have been rapidly increasing. These CIC in the development process

And gradually from a simple function to trigger the special needs of a wide range of applications development. PIC is the earliest that can be used in high voltage IC, therefore, also known as high-voltage IC (HVIC). However, many applications such as communications, computers, portable power supply and so on, they do not require high voltage, but demand for the special needs of the development of application specific integrated circuit. Because of their combination and application of power semiconductor devices, we have the power to include them in a class of semiconductor devices. So now the power semiconductor devices in the family, there are many integrated circuits. Many of these power devices with integrated circuits inside, some outside while the separation of power devices. Judging from this point, the limits of power and microelectronics has become increasingly blurred. If a large number of computer applications in power modulation device voltage LDO (Low Drop Out) is one example. It does not belong to switch applications.

As a result of a large number of integrated circuits into the power semiconductor devices, which consider the power semiconductor integrated circuits and devices to do the same in the chip or device on the development of the natural line of thought. Done in the same chip, the original is the concept of power integrated circuits, but their power often relatively small. Done in the same package, easy to increase power capacity, a number of passive components is also possible to join, here often called multi-chip module (MCM).

IR last year iPOWIR developed is a typical multi-chip module. It will power devices to control the use of integrated circuits, or in combination with pulse-width modulation (PWM) integrated circuit, according to the needs of power supply design, using BGA packaging technology portfolio in the same device (as shown in Figure 7) . Multi-chip device that greatly simplifies the power supply design staff. Components reduces the number and percentage of the area, there has been a lot of performance improvement. iPOWIR development is considered DC-DC conversion of the future. But, in fact, a wide range of applications in other fields, as long as the requirements of further integration, MCM structure and will there will be more and more. Therefore, it is the power semiconductor devices important direction of development.

In the above presentation, the development of MOSFET has been referred to as 4C industry provides an important foundation. 4C industries which, at present it is the most active direction of the product. We can understand: in the communications, computer, consumer electronics and automotive development, will require many, many close contacts and IC of all types of power semiconductor devices. Each of these aspects can be used to introduce a lot of space. Not detailed here.

Add: Conclusion

To sum up, the power semiconductor devices the past few years, constantly changed a lot. So can no longer look at a fixed vision of the development of power semiconductor devices. For example, not simply thyristor power semiconductor devices and an equal sign painting, or drawing an equal sign and discrete devices. Must not power semiconductor devices and microelectronics artificially separated, it seems only semiconductor microelectronics. These will impede the development of power semiconductor devices, in the long run will hinder the development of microelectronic devices. Development strategy in order to avoid the power semiconductor devices as a simple process only to be completed on the low-tech products. And the preferential policies available only to integrated circuit industry. China has not been very good to the development of modern power semiconductor devices, the lack of modern power semiconductor devices is a comprehensive understanding of the factors I am afraid. Information technology to stimulate industrialization in the wave, it is imperative that different semiconductor devices have a balanced development.

Conclusion

To sum up, the power semiconductor devices the past few years, constantly changed a lot. So can no longer look at a fixed vision of the development of power semiconductor devices. For example, not simply thyristor power semiconductor devices and an equal sign painting, or drawing an equal sign and discrete devices. Must not power semiconductor devices and microelectronics artificially separated, it seems only semiconductor microelectronics. These will impede the development of power semiconductor devices, in the long run will hinder the development of microelectronic devices. Development strategy in order to avoid the power semiconductor devices as a simple process only to be completed on the low-tech products. And the preferential policies available only to integrated circuit industry. China has not been very good to the development of modern power semiconductor devices, the lack of modern power semiconductor devices is a comprehensive understanding of the factors I am afraid. Information technology to stimulate industrialization in the wave, it is imperative that different semiconductor devices have a balanced development.

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