World's first semiconductor rectifier and the transistor is, when no power semiconductor or microelectronics semiconductor division. In 1958, China began the first research topic Thyristor (originally known as PNPN device). In similar time, the study of integrated circuits began gradually. From semiconductor devices to the two direction. The former became the basis for power electronics, while the latter led to the development and micro-electronics and information electronics.
According to the system, power system devices are classified to the machinery, integrated circuits, electronic systems are included. As the semiconductor leader in the electronic systems, coupled with the semiconductor integrated circuits is the main body, which after a long-term evolution of integrated circuits in a number of occasions, has become almost synonymous with semiconductor devices only.
At the end of the sixties and early seventies, the country has set off a "SCR" hot. The boom continued a long time, great influence, and therefore still believe that the domestic power of semiconductors is the main SCR. The late seventies, the development of a thyristor family. And called the name of a standardized "thyristor." As the technology to regulate the power switch, so the wear and tear on a small device, so as the energy trump card. Its application is to cover all fields. China was first mooted in 1979, the establishment of Power Electronics Society, IEEE slightly earlier than the establishment of the United States Institute of Power Electronics (Power Electronics Society). Power Electronics Society of China was founded, as a result of the importance of professional development is very rapid. However, because the focal point was the relationship, it does not like the United States become an independent professional institutes, and was subsequently set up part of the China Electrotechnical Society.
The translation and definition of Power Electronics for Power Electronics (the original idea was also known as the Power Electronics), and the popularity of power electronics played a role. Mechanical, electrical, electronic and other departments are very concerned about its development. Related to the power semiconductor devices has also been known as the power electronic devices. However, this name is very difficult to find abroad, but the corresponding terms. "Electricity" in reference to electronic access to universal, but also left a number of sequels. People mistakenly believe that only high-power direction is the "power" of the main electronic devices, and the difficulty of the rapid development of the MOSFET as a "power electronics" of the other main. From that point, I would like to use power semiconductor devices as the subject of this article, and power electronic devices can be used to express a broader sense to include other non-semiconductor, including a variety of power electronic devices.
The development of power semiconductor devices in three stages
The development of power semiconductor devices can be divided into three stages. The first stage is 60 to the seventies, when the various types of thyristors and power transistors Darlington significant development, or what might be called the era of bipolar. Its clients are mainly for industrial applications, including power systems, such as locomotive traction. The second stage is 80 to the nineties, due to the rise of the power MOSFET to power electronics into a new area. Modern 4C booming industry: the Communication, Computer, Consumer, Car (communication, computer, consumer electronics, automobiles) to provide a new vitality. Before and after the twenty-first century, the development of power semiconductor devices have entered the third phase, that is, and integrated circuit combined with a growing stage, Figure 1 and Figure II made to the above description of a simple sum. Of course, first of all need to focus on that here is this: when the continuous development of power semiconductor devices, the previous stage has not been the dominant product from the stage of history. For example, SCR is still an important product. China has in recent years the introduction of ultra-high-power thyristor, thyristor-controlled technology, such as China's major power transmission project, providing a key device. Recently, in considering the introduction of IGCT technology. In this regard it should be said that has gradually moved towards the world. This is our country going on the many major infrastructure. Although the view from the United States, the production of high-power thyristors have been less and less on the economic development of the two countries are not identical. I draw in Figure 2 in power semiconductor devices in both directions in the development. The left side of the bipolar nature of the direction toward the integration of ultra-high-power and direction. The right direction is unipolar, it is more established and integrated circuits of the inseparable relationship between closely.
不能全部复制上来，字数太多请在这里看吧http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz=14804161
charge 电荷，充电，起电
charge carrier 载荷子
charge conservation 电荷守恒
charge density 电荷密度
charge distribution 电荷分布
charge to mass ratio 荷质比
charged particle 带电粒子
charging by contact 接触起电
charging by friction 摩擦生电
charging by induction 感应起电
charging by sharing 授受起电
charging time constant 充电时间常数，充电时间常量
Charles's law 查理定律
choke 扼流，抗流，扼流圈，抗流圈
choke circuit 扼流电路，抗流电路
chromatic aberration 色差
chromatic dispersion 色散
cinefilm soundtrack 电影胶片声迹
circle of least confusion 最少模糊圈，明晰圈
circuit 电路
circuit board 电路板
circuit breaker 断路器
circuit symbol 电路符号
circular coil 环形线圈
circular motion 圆周运动
circular orbit 圆周轨道
circular pulse 圆形脉冲
circular wave 圆形波
circular wavefront 圆形波阵面，圆形波前
clamp 夹钳，夹紧
clap-echo method 「拍掌—回声」法
cleave 裂开
clinical thermometer 体温计
clip 夹子
clockwise moment 顺时针力矩
closed circuit 闭合电路
closed pipe 闭管
closed tube 闭管
closed-loop control system 死循环控制系统
closed-loop gain 死循环增益
closed-loop voltage gain 死循环电压增益
closely packed 密堆积的
cloud chamber 云室
cloud chamber track 云室径迹
coaxial 共轴，同轴
coaxial cable 同轴电缆，同轴�
作者： FC3 2005-5-1 11:47 回复此发言
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5 回复：物理词汇_ 英
D
d.c. generator 直流发电机
d.c. motor 直流电动机
Dalton's law of partial pressures 道尔顿分压定律
damped harmonic motion 阻尼谐动
damped harmonic oscillation 阻尼谐振
damped oscillation 阻尼振荡
damping 阻尼
damping force 阻尼力
dark fringe 暗纹
data 数据
dating 年代测定
daughter nucleus 子核
daughter nuclide 子核素
de Broglie relation 德布罗意关系式
de Broglie wave 德布罗意波
dead time 失效时间
decade capacitance box 十进电容箱
decade resistance box 十进电阻箱
decay 衰变
decay analogue 衰变模拟
decay constant 衰变常数，衰变常量
decay curve 衰变曲线 �
decay law 衰变定律
decay product 衰变产物
decelerate 减速
deceleration 减速度
decibel 分贝
decode 译码，解码
decoder 译码器，译码器
deflection 偏转
deflection plate 偏转板
deflection system 偏转系统
deflection tube 偏转管
deformation 形变
degradation of energy 能量退降，能量递降
degree 度
degree Celsius 摄氏度
degree of freedom 自由度
demagnetization 去磁，退磁
demonstration diode 演示用二极管
demonstration meter 演示用电表
density 密度
depletion layer 耗尽层，阻挡层
depth of field 景深
derived quantity 导出量
derived unit 导出单位
destructive interference 相消干涉
detection 探测
detector 探测器
detector of radiation 辐射探测器
deuterium 氘，重氢
deuteron 氘核，重氢核
deviation 偏向，偏差
device 装置，设计，器件
diamagnetism 抗磁性
diaphragm 光阑，膜片
diatomic molecule 双原子分子
dielectric 电介质，介电的
dielectric constant 介电常数，介电常量，电容率
dielectric polarization 电介质极化
dielectric strength 电介质强度
differential equation 微分方程
differential input voltage 差动输入电压
diffracted ray 衍射线，绕射线�
diffraction 衍射，绕射
diffraction grating 衍射光栅，绕射光栅
diffuse reflection 漫反射
diffusion 扩散，漫射
diffusion cloud chamber 扩散云室
digital 数字的
digital display 数字显示
digital signal 数字讯号
digital-to-analogue conversion 数模转换
dimension 量纲，因次，维，大小
dimensional analysis 量纲分析，因次分析
diminished 缩小
diode 二极管
diode probe 二极管微波探测器
dioptre 屈光度，焦度
dipole 偶极子
direct current 直流电
direction 方向，方位
direction of propagation 传播方向
directly heated cathode 直热式阴极
discharge 放电
disintegration 蜕变
dislocation 位错
dispersion 色散
dispersive power 色散能力，色散本领，色散率
displacement 位移，排量
displacement can 排水罐
displacement-time graph 位移—时间关系线图
dissipative force 耗散力
distance 距离
distance-time graph 距离—时间关系线图
distortion 失真，扭曲，畸变
disturbance 干扰
diverge 发散
diverging lens 发散透镜
diverging mirror 发散镜
division of amplitude 振幅分割
division of wavefront 波阵面分割，波前分割
domain 畴，域
domestic circuit 家居电路
donor 给予体
doped semiconductor 掺杂半导体
doping 掺杂
Doppler broadening 多普勒谱线增宽
Doppler effect 多普勒效应
Doppler shift 多普勒频移
dosage 剂量
dose 剂量
dose rate 剂量率
double pulley 双滑轮
double refraction 双折射
double slit 双缝
double-pole-double-throw switch 双刀双掷开关
doublet 双重线�
drag force 阻力，曳力
drift velocity 漂移速度
driver circuit 驱动电路
driver frequency 驱动频率
driving cell 驱动电池
driving force 驱动力
driving mirror 行车后视镜
dry battery 干电池组
dry cell 干电池
dual trace oscilloscope 双迹示波器
ductile 延性的
Dulong-Petit law 杜隆—珀替定律
dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡
dynamic friction 动摩擦
dynamic resistance 动态电阻
dynamics 动力学
dynamo 发电机
作者： FC3 2005-5-1 11:48 回复此发言
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6 回复：物理词汇_ 英
E
earth 接地，地线�
earthquake waves 地震波
ebonite 硬橡胶，硬质胶
ebonite rod 硬橡胶棒，硬质胶棒
echo 回声，回波
eddy current 涡电流，涡流
eddy current damping 涡流阻尼
eddy current loss 涡流损耗
effective mass 有效质量
efficiency 效率
effort 施力
Einstein's mass-energy relation 爱因斯坦质能关系式
elastic collision d性碰撞
elastic constant d性常数，d性常量
elastic deformation d性形变
elastic hysteresis d性滞后
elastic limit d性极限
elastic strain energy d性应变能
elasticity d性
electric bell 电铃
electric charge 电荷
electric current 电流
electric field 电场
electric field intensity 电场强度
electric field pattern 电场图形
electric fire 电暖炉
electric line of force 电力线�
electric motor 电动机
electric potential 电势，电位
electric power 电功率
electric shock 电震
electrical appliance 电器
electrical conductivity 导电率
electrical energy 电能
electrical oscillation 电振荡
electrical potential energy 电势能，电位能
electrical resonance 电共振
electricity 电，电学
electrode 电极
electrolysis 电解
electrolyte 电解质
electrolytic 电解质的，电解的
electrolytic capacitor 电解质电容器
electromagnet 电磁铁，电磁体
electromagnetic coil 电磁感应圈
electromagnetic contact 电磁触点
electromagnetic force 电磁力
electromagnetic induction 电磁感应
electromagnetic moment 电磁矩
electromagnetic oscillation 电磁振荡
electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射
electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波谱
electromagnetic wave 电磁波
electromagnetism 电磁学
electrometer 静电计
electromotive force 电动势
electron 电子
electron beam 电子束
electron cloud 电子云
electron diffraction 电子衍射，电子绕射
electron drift 电子漂移
electron energy level 电子能级
electron gun 电子q
electron transition 电子跃迁
electron tube 电子管
electron-volt 电子伏特，电子伏
electronics 电子学
electrophorus 起电盘
electroscope 验电器
electrostatic bond 静电键
electrostatic field apparatus 静电场仪器
electrostatic precipitation 静电沉淀法
electrostatics 静电学
element 元素，组件
elliptic orbit 椭圆轨道
elongation 伸长度
emergent ray 出射线 �
emission 发射
emission line 发射谱线 �
emission spectrum 发射光谱，发射谱
emissivity 发射率，比辐射率
emit 发射
emitter 发射极，射极
emitter current 发射极电流，射极电流
enamelled wire 漆包线 �
encode 编码
encoder 编码器
end-correction 端部修正，管口校正量
end-on collision 同向碰撞，尾追碰撞
energetic particle 高能粒子
energy 能量，能
energy band 能带
energy conversion 能量转换
energy conversion efficiency 能量转换效率
energy input 能量输入
energy level 能级
energy output 能量输出
energy transfer 能量转移
enriched uranium 浓缩铀
equation of continuity 连续性方程
equation of state 物态方程
equation of uniformly accelerated motion 匀加速运动方程
equatorial orbit 赤道轨道
equilibrium 平衡
equilibrium condition 平衡条件
equilibrium spacing 平衡间距
equipartition of energy 能量均分
equipotential 等势的，等位的
equipotential line 等势线，等位线 �
equipotential surface 等势面，等位面
equivalent capacitance 等效电容
equivalent inductance 等效电感
equivalent resistance 等效电阻
erect 正立
escape velocity 逃逸速度
ether 以太，醚
evacuation 抽成真空
evaporation 蒸发
excess pressure 超压，逾电压
excitation 激发
excitation energy 激发能
excitation potential 激发电势，激发电位
excitation voltage 激发电压
excited 受激
excited energy level 受激能级
excited state 受激态
expansion 膨胀
expansivity 膨胀系数，膨胀率
exponential change 指数式改变
exponential decay 指数式衰变
exposure 曝光量，照射
extension 伸长
external force 外力
external work 外功
extra high tension 超高电压
extra-nuclear structure 核外结构
extraordinary ray 非常光线 �
extrapolation 外推，外推法
extrinsic semiconductor 含杂质半导体
eyepiece 接目镜，目镜
作者： FC3 2005-5-1 11:51 回复此发言
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7 回复：物理词汇_ 英
F
f-number f数，光圈数
f-stop f制光圈
far point 远点
farad 法拉
Faraday constant 法拉第常数，法拉第常量
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction 法拉第电磁感应定律
fast breeder reactor 快中子增殖反应堆
feedback 反馈
feedback amplifier 反馈放大器
feedback resistance 反馈电阻
ferromagnetic substance 铁磁性物质
ferromagnetism 铁磁性
fictitious force 假力，伪力
fidelity 保真性，保真度
field coil 场线圈
field effect transistor 场效应晶体管
field intensity 场强
field lines 场力线 �
field magnet 场磁铁，场磁体
field of view 视场，视野
field strength 场强
figure of merit 优值，灵敏值
filament 灯丝，丝极
filter capacitor 滤波电容器
filter circuit 滤波电路
filter pump 滤泵
final state 终态，末态
final velocity 末速度
fine-adjustment 微调，细调
fire alarm 火警警报器，火警钟
first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律
first order spectrum 第一级光谱，第一级谱
fission 裂变
fission reactor 裂变反应堆
fixed point 定点
fixed pulley 定滑轮
fixed resistor 定值电阻器
flat coil 扁平线圈
flat solenoid 扁平螺线管
flat-bottomed flask 平底烧瓶
Fleming's left hand rule 弗林明左手定则
Fleming's right hand rule 弗林明右手定则
floating body 浮体
fluid 流体
fluid dynamics 流体动力学
fluorescence 荧光
fluorescent screen 荧光屏，荧光幕
flux 通量
flux density 通量密度
fly-back 回扫
flywheel 飞轮
focal length 焦距
focal plane 焦平面
focus 焦点，聚焦，对焦
focus control 聚焦控制
follower circuit 跟随电路
foot pump 脚踏泵
force 力
force constant 力常数，力常量
force polygon 力多边形
force resolution 力的分解
force triangle 力三角形
force-extension curve 施力—伸长关系曲线 �
forced oscillation 受迫振荡
former 框
forward biased 正向偏压
forward current 正向电流
fossil fuel 化石燃料
Foucault's rotating mirror method 傅科旋转镜法
frame of reference 参考坐标系，参考系
Franck-Hertz experiment 弗兰克—赫兹实验
Fraunhofer diffraction 夫琅和费衍射，夫琅和费绕射
Fraunhofer lines 夫琅和费谱线 �
free electron 自由电子
free fall 自由下坠，自由下落
free falling body 自由落体
free oscillation 自由振荡
free path 自由程
free space 自由空间
freeze 凝固
freezing point 凝固点
freon 氟利昂，二氯二氟甲烷
frequency 频率
frequency modulation 调频，频率调制
frequency response 频率响应
Fresnel diffraction 菲涅耳衍射，菲涅耳绕射
Fresnel's biprism 菲涅耳双棱镜
friction 摩擦，摩擦力
friction compensated 补偿摩擦作用
frictionless motion 无摩擦运动
fringe 条纹
fringe pattern 条纹图形
fuel rod 燃料棒
fulcrum 支点
full adder 全加法器
full-scale deflection 满标偏转
full-wave rectification 全波整流
full-wave rectifier 全波整流器
fundamental frequency 基频
fundamental mode of vibration 基谐振动模式
fundamental note 基音
fundamental quantity 基本量
fundamental unit 基本单位
fuse 保险丝
fuse rating 保险丝额定值
fusion 熔解，聚变
fusion point 熔点
fusion reactor 聚变反应堆
作者： FC3 2005-5-1 11:51 回复此发言
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8 回复：物理词汇_ 英
G
G - clamp G-形钳
gain 增益
gain control 增益控制
galaxy 星系
Galilean telescope 伽利略望远镜
Galileo's thought experiment 伽利略假想实验
galvanometer 电流计，检流计
gamma radiation 伽玛辐射
gamma ray 伽玛射线 �
gap 隙
gas 气，气体
gas pressure 气体强压，气压
gaseous phase 气相
gaseous state 气态
gauge 规，计
Gauss theorem 高斯定理
Geiger counter 盖革计数器
Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment 盖革—马斯登散射实验
Geiger-Muller counter 盖革—弥勒计数器
Geiger-Muller tube 盖革—弥勒管
general gas equation 普适气体方程
general gas law 普适气体定律
generator 发电机
genetic effect 遗传效应
geometrical optics 几何光学
germanium 锗
ghost effect 迭影效应
glancing angle 掠射角
glass fibre 玻璃纤维
glycerine 甘油
gold foil 金箔
fold leaf electroscope 金箔验电器
gradient 斜率，梯度
graduated cylinder 量筒
Graham's law of diffusion 格拉哈姆散定律
grain 粒，晶粒
gramophone record 唱片，唱碟
graph 图，线图，图表
graphical method 图解法
grating 光栅
grating spectrometer 光栅光谱仪，光栅分光计
gravitational acceleration 重力加速度
gravitational attraction 引力，重力
gravitational constant 引力常数，引力常量
gravitational field 引力场，重力场
gravitational force 引力，重力
gravitational mass 引力质量
gravitational potential 引力势，重力势
gravitational potential difference 引力势差，重力势差
gravitational potential energy 引力势能，重力势能
gravity 重力
grazing incidence 掠入射，切入射
greenhouse effect 温室效应
grid 栅极
grid control 栅极控制
grid system 电力网
groove 纹道，针槽，开槽
ground 接地
ground state 基态
guinea and feather experiment 「硬币与羽毛」实验
H
hair spring 游丝
half adder 半加法器
half-life 半衰期
half-silvered mirror 半镀银镜
half-wave rectification 半波整流
half-wave rectifier 半波整流器
Hall effect 霍耳效应
Hall probe 霍耳探测器
Hall voltage 霍耳电压
hand stroboscope 手动式频闪观测器
harmonic 谐音
harmonic motion 谐运动
harmonic oscillation 谐振荡
head-on collision 对正碰撞，正碰
heat 热，热量，加热，热学
heat absorbent 吸热剂
heat absorber 吸热器
heat absorption 吸热，热吸收
heat capacity 热容量
heat conduction 热传导
heat exchange 热交换
heat flow 热流
heat gain 热增益，得热
heat insulation 热绝缘，隔热
heat loss 热损耗，失热
heat proof 耐热的，隔热的
heat pump 热泵
heat radiation 热辐射
heat reservoir 热库，储热器
heat sink 热壑
heat transfer 热传递，热转移
heater 发热器，加热器
heating effect 热效应
heating element 发热组件
Helmholtz coils 亥姆霍兹线圈
henry 亨利，亨
hertz 赫兹，赫
high dispersion prism 高色散棱镜
high tension 高电压
hole 空穴，空子
hollow plastic lens 空心塑料透镜
hollow plastic prism 空心塑料棱镜
hologram 全息图
holography 全息术，全息学
Hooke's law 虎克定律
horizontal 水平
horizontal component 水平分量
horizontal deflection 水平偏转
horseshoe magnet 蹄形磁铁
hot cathode 热阴极
hour 小时
Huygens' principle 惠更斯原理
hydraulic press 水压机
hydroelectric power 水力发电
hydrogen bomb 氢d
hygrometer 湿度计
hyperbolic orbit 双曲线轨道
hypodermic needle 皮下注射针头
hypodermic syringe 皮下注射针筒
hypothesis 假说，假设
hysteresis 滞后现象
虽然音响设备对于轿车来讲，只是一种辅助性设备，对车子的运行性能没有影响。但随着人们对享受的要求越来越高，汽车制造商也日益重视起轿车的音响设备，并将它做为评价轿车舒适性的依据之一。轿车音响的发展史也是电子技术的发展史，电子技术的每项重大的技术进步都推动着轿车音响的发展。早在1923年美国首先出现了装配无线电收音机的轿车，随后许多轿车都步其后尘，在仪表板总成上安装了无线电收音机。这时候车用无线电收音机都是用电子管，直到50年代出现半导体技术后，轿车收音机出现了技术革命，用半导体管逐步取替了电子管，提高了轿车收音机的寿命。70年代初，卡式收录机进入了市场，一种可播放卡式录音带的车用收放两用机出现在轿车上，同时机芯开始应用集成电路。直至80年代末，一般轿车的音响多以一个卡式收放两用机与一对扬声器为基础组合，扬声器分左右两路声道，有的置于仪表板总成的两侧，有的置于车门，有的置于后座的后方，收放两用机输出功率多在20瓦左右。
今天，轿车音响又进入了一个新的里程，向大功率多路输出、多喇叭环回音响、多喋式镭射CD等方向发展。世界音响制造商也将轿车音响辟为一个专门的工业部门，针对轿车的特殊环境，充分考虑车厢的音响效果，采用高新技术制造轿车音响设备，其播送的音响效果完全能与家用音响相媲美。日本凌志LS400型轿车的AM/FM音响系统就有5个放大器，配有7个分频喇叭，包括2个拱形高频喇叭，4个宽频带喇叭和一个后装式8寸低频喇叭，使整个车厢充满了立体音的环回感受。
市面上已经有各种供轿车专用的高级音响设备，一些汽车音响爱好者将大功率放大器和电子网络器安置在轿车行李箱内，将超低音大口径喇叭和其它型号喇叭分别嵌入后窗下围板和车门板上，使用独立的直流电源，功率输出达上百瓦以上，音色浑厚优美，高低有错，把车厢内狭小的空间变成了令人愉快的音乐欣赏室，予人以美的享受。
汽车的运行环境是十分恶劣的，包括振动、高温、噪音、电磁波等都会干扰车内电子设备的正常工作，因此轿车专用的音响设备不论从设计和工艺制造方面的要求都要比家用音响严格，而且价格不菲，从这个意义上讲，高性能的轿车音响实际上是当今音响世界中的顶级品。
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