功率半导体器文章英文翻译

Power semiconductor devices and power electronics

World's first semiconductor rectifier and the transistor is, when no power semiconductor or microelectronics semiconductor division. In 1958, China began the first research topic Thyristor (originally known as PNPN device). In similar time, the study of integrated circuits began gradually. From semiconductor devices to the two direction. The former became the basis for power electronics, while the latter led to the development and micro-electronics and information electronics.

According to the system, power system devices are classified to the machinery, integrated circuits, electronic systems are included. As the semiconductor leader in the electronic systems, coupled with the semiconductor integrated circuits is the main body, which after a long-term evolution of integrated circuits in a number of occasions, has become almost synonymous with semiconductor devices only.

At the end of the sixties and early seventies, the country has set off a "SCR" hot. The boom continued a long time, great influence, and therefore still believe that the domestic power of semiconductors is the main SCR. The late seventies, the development of a thyristor family. And called the name of a standardized "thyristor." As the technology to regulate the power switch, so the wear and tear on a small device, so as the energy trump card. Its application is to cover all fields. China was first mooted in 1979, the establishment of Power Electronics Society, IEEE slightly earlier than the establishment of the United States Institute of Power Electronics (Power Electronics Society). Power Electronics Society of China was founded, as a result of the importance of professional development is very rapid. However, because the focal point was the relationship, it does not like the United States become an independent professional institutes, and was subsequently set up part of the China Electrotechnical Society.

The translation and definition of Power Electronics for Power Electronics (the original idea was also known as the Power Electronics), and the popularity of power electronics played a role. Mechanical, electrical, electronic and other departments are very concerned about its development. Related to the power semiconductor devices has also been known as the power electronic devices. However, this name is very difficult to find abroad, but the corresponding terms. "Electricity" in reference to electronic access to universal, but also left a number of sequels. People mistakenly believe that only high-power direction is the "power" of the main electronic devices, and the difficulty of the rapid development of the MOSFET as a "power electronics" of the other main. From that point, I would like to use power semiconductor devices as the subject of this article, and power electronic devices can be used to express a broader sense to include other non-semiconductor, including a variety of power electronic devices.

The development of power semiconductor devices in three stages

The development of power semiconductor devices can be divided into three stages. The first stage is 60 to the seventies, when the various types of thyristors and power transistors Darlington significant development, or what might be called the era of bipolar. Its clients are mainly for industrial applications, including power systems, such as locomotive traction. The second stage is 80 to the nineties, due to the rise of the power MOSFET to power electronics into a new area. Modern 4C booming industry: the Communication, Computer, Consumer, Car (communication, computer, consumer electronics, automobiles) to provide a new vitality. Before and after the twenty-first century, the development of power semiconductor devices have entered the third phase, that is, and integrated circuit combined with a growing stage, Figure 1 and Figure II made to the above description of a simple sum. Of course, first of all need to focus on that here is this: when the continuous development of power semiconductor devices, the previous stage has not been the dominant product from the stage of history. For example, SCR is still an important product. China has in recent years the introduction of ultra-high-power thyristor, thyristor-controlled technology, such as China's major power transmission project, providing a key device. Recently, in considering the introduction of IGCT technology. In this regard it should be said that has gradually moved towards the world. This is our country going on the many major infrastructure. Although the view from the United States, the production of high-power thyristors have been less and less on the economic development of the two countries are not identical. I draw in Figure 2 in power semiconductor devices in both directions in the development. The left side of the bipolar nature of the direction toward the integration of ultra-high-power and direction. The right direction is unipolar, it is more established and integrated circuits of the inseparable relationship between closely.

1、磁芯存储器：

是随机存取计算机存储器的主要形式。这种存储器通常被称为核心存储器，或者非正式地称为核心存储器。

核心使用微小的磁环（环），核心通过线程来写入和读取信息。

每个核心代表一点信息。 磁芯可以以两种不同的方式（顺时针或逆时针）磁化，存储在磁芯中的位为零或一，取决于磁芯的磁化方向。

布线被布置成允许单个芯被设置为1或0，并且通过向所选择的导线发送适当的电流脉冲来改变其磁化。 读取内核的过程会导致内核重置为零，从而将其擦除。

这称为破坏性读数。 在不进行读写 *** 作时，即使关闭电源，内核也会保持最后的值。 这使它们成为非易失性的。

2、半导体存储器（semi-conductor memory）：

是一种以半导体电路作为存储媒体的存储器，内存储器就是由称为存储器芯片的半导体集成电路组成。

按其功能可分为：随机存取存储器（简称RAM）和只读存储器（只读ROM）。体积小、存储速度快、存储密度高、与逻辑电路接口容易。

扩展资料

早期的计算机最常见的存储器是各种磁芯制成的。这种磁芯存储器已被微型集成电路块上的半导体存储器所取代。磁芯存储器是华裔王安于1948年发明的(注)。最初的磁芯存储器只有几百个字节的容量。

磁芯的英文名称就是core，磁芯存储器就叫作core memory。虽然磁芯存储器已经被淘汰，但一些人还是出于习惯把内存叫做core。

在铁氧体磁环里穿进一根导线，导线中流过不同方向的电流时，可使磁环按两种不同方向磁化，代表“1”或“0”的信息便以磁场形式储存下来。

最常见的核心存储器形式，X /

Y线重合电流，用于计算机的主存储器，由大量小环形亚铁磁陶瓷铁氧体（磁芯）组成网格结构（组织为“堆叠“称为平面的层”，电线穿过核心中心的孔。

在早期系统中有四条线：X，Y，Sense和Inhibit，但后来的核心将后两条线组合成一条Sense

/

Inhibit线。每个环形线圈存储一位（0或1）。每个平面中的一个位可以在一个周期内被访问，因此一个字数组中的每个机器字被分布在一堆“平面”上。

每个平面将并行 *** 作一个字的一位，允许在一个周期内读取或写入完整的字。

参考资料来源：百度百科-内存储器

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