半导体材料英文如何翻译

半导体材料英文如何翻译,第1张

半导体材料

[解释]:

semiconducting material

semiconductor material

semiconducter material

[参考词典]:汉英综合大词典

低劣半导体材料 adulterated semiconductor material

本征半导体材料 intrinsic material trinsic material

激活半导体材料 active semiconductor material

光敏半导体材料 light-sensitive semiconductor material nsitive semiconductor material

族化合物半导体材料 group iii v compound semiconductor material

问题一:半导体是什么? 当电流通过各种物体时,不同的物体对电流的通过有着不同的阻止能力,有的物体可使电流顺利通过,也有的物体不让其通过,或者在一定的阻力下让它通过。这种不同的物体通过电流的能力,叫做这种物体的导电性能。各种物体均有着不同的导电性能,凡是导电性能绩好的物体叫做导体。如银、铜、铝、铅、锡、铁、水银、碳和电解液等都是良好导体。反之,导电能力很差的物体叫做绝缘体。还有,有的物体的导电能力比导体差,但比绝缘体强,这种导体叫做半导体。如常用的晶体管原材料硅、锗等。收音机 CPU都是半导体

半导体具有一些特殊性质。如利用半导体的电阻率与温度的关系可制成自动控制用的热敏元件(热敏电阻);利用它的光敏特性可制成自动控制用的光敏元件,像光电池、光电管和光敏电阻等。

半导体还有一个最重要的性质,如果在纯净的半导体物质中适当地掺入微量杂质测其导电能力将会成百万倍地增加。利用这一特性可制造各种不同用途的半导体器件,如半导体二极管、三极管等。

把一块半导体的一边制成P型区,另一边制成N型区,则在交界处附近形成一个具有特殊性能的薄层,一般称此薄层为PN结。图中上部分为P型半导体和N型半导体界面两边载流子的扩散作用(用黑色箭头表示)。中间部分为PN结的形成过程,示意载流子的扩散作用大于漂移作用(用蓝色箭头表示,红色箭头表示内建电场的方向)。下边部分为PN结的形成。表示扩散作用和漂移作用的动态平衡。

问题二:半导体是什么意思 顾名思义:导电性能介于导体(conductor)与绝缘体(insulator)之间的材料,叫做半导体(semiconductor).

物质存在的形式多种多样,固体、液体、气体、等离子体等等。我们通常把导电性和导电导热性差或不好的材料,如金刚石、人工晶体、琥珀、陶瓷等等,称为绝缘体。而把导电、导热都比较好的金属如金、银、铜、铁、锡、铝等称为导体。可以简单的把介于导体和绝缘体之间的材料称为半导体。与导体和绝缘体相比,半导体材料的发现是最晚的,直到20世纪30年代,当材料的提纯技术改进以后,半导体的存在才真正被学术界认可。

半导体的分类,按照其制造技术可以分为:分立器件、光电半导体、逻辑IC、模拟IC、储存器等大类,一般来说这些还会被分成小类。此外还有以应用领域、设计方法等进行分类,最近虽然不常用,单还是按照IC、LSI、VLSI(超大LSI)及其规模进行分类的方法。此外,还有按照其所处理的信号,可以分成模拟、数字、模拟数字混成及功能进行分类的方法。

[编辑本段]半导体定义

电阻率介于金属和绝缘体之间并有负的电阻温度系数的物质。

半导体室温时电阻率约在10E-5~10E7欧・米之间,温度升高时电阻率指数则减小。

半导体材料很多,按化学成分可分为元素半导体和化合物半导体两大类。

锗和硅是最常用的元素半导体;化合物半导体包括Ⅲ-Ⅴ 族化合物(砷化镓、磷化镓等)、Ⅱ-Ⅵ族化合物( 硫化镉、硫化锌等)、氧化物(锰、铬、铁、铜的氧化物),以及由Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物和Ⅱ-Ⅵ族化合物组成的固溶体(镓铝砷、镓砷磷等)。除上述晶态半导体外,还有非晶态的玻璃半导体、有机半导体等。

半导体(东北方言):意指半导体收音机,因收音机中的晶体管由半导体材料制成而得名。

本征半导体

不含杂质且无晶格缺陷的半导体称为本征半导体。在极低温度下,半导体的价带是满带(见能带理论),受到热激发后,价带中的部分电子会越过禁带进入能量较高的空带,空带中存在电子后成为导带,价带中缺少一个电子后形成一个带正电的空位,称为空穴。导带中的电子和价带中的空穴合称电子 - 空穴对,均能自由移动,即载流子,它们在外电场作用下产生定向运动而形成宏观电流,分别称为电子导电和空穴导电。这种由于电子-空穴对的产生而形成的混合型导电称为本征导电。导带中的电子会落入空穴,电子-空穴对消失,称为复合。复合时释放出的能量变成电磁辐射(发光)或晶格的热振动能量(发热)。在一定温度下,电子 - 空穴对的产生和复合同时存在并达到动态平衡,此时半导体具有一定的载流子密度,从而具有一定的电阻率。温度升高时,将产生更多的电子 - 空穴对,载流子密度增加,电阻率减小。无晶格缺陷的纯净半导体的电阻率较大,实际应用不多。

[编辑本段]半导体特点

半导体三大特性∶搀杂性、热敏性和光敏性。

在形成晶体结构的半导体中,人为地掺入特定的杂质元素,导电性能具有可控性。

在光照和热辐射条件下,其导电性有明显的变化。

晶格:晶体中的原子在空间形成排列整齐的点阵,称为晶格。

共价键结构:相邻的两个原子的一对最外层电子(即价电子)不但各自围绕自身所属的原子核运动,而且出现在相邻原子所属的轨道上,成为共用电子,构成共价键。

自由电子的形成:在常温下,少数的价电子由于热运动获得足够的能量,挣脱共价键的束缚变成为自由电子。

空穴:价电子挣脱共价键的束缚变成为自由电子而留下一个空位置称空穴。

电子电流:在外加电场的作用下,自由电子产生定向移动,形成电子电流。

空穴电流:价电子按一......>>

问题三:LED和半导体分别是什么意思? 英文单词的缩写,主要含义:LED = Light Emitting Diode,发光二极管,是一种能够将电能转化为可见光的固态的半导体器件,它可以直接把电转化为光;LED = Large Electronic Display,大型电子展示;LED = Lupus erythematosus disseminatus,播散性红斑狼疮,一种慢性、特发性自身免疫病;led是lead的过去式和过去分词,意为“领导,带领”;俄罗斯Pulkovo机场的IATA代码。本词条主要介绍发光二极管。  LED(Light Emitting Diode),发光二极管,是一种固态的半导体器件,它可以直接把电转化为光。LED的心脏是一个半导体的晶片,晶片的一端附 三丰LED在一个支架上,一端是负极,另一端连接电源的正极,使整个晶片被环氧树脂封装起来。半导体晶片由两部分组成,一部分是P型半导体,在它里面空穴占主导地位,另一端是N型半导体,在这边主要是电子。但这两种半导体连接起来的时候,它们之间就形成一个“P-N结”。当电流通过导线作用于这个晶片的时候,电子就会被推向P区,在P区里电子跟空穴复合,然后就会以光子的形式发出能量,这就是LED发光的原理。而光的波长决定光的颜色,是由形成P-N结材料决定的。 科技名词定义 中文名称:半导体 英文名称:semiconductor 定义:材料的电阻率界于金属与绝缘材料之间的材料。这种材料在某个温度范围内随温度升高而增加电荷载流子的浓度,电阻率下降。 所属学科:机械工程(一级学科);仪器仪表材料(二级学科);半导体材料(仪器仪表)(三级学科) 半导体(semiconductor),指常温下导电性能介于导体(conductor)与绝缘体(insulator)之间的材料。半导体在收音机、电视机以及测温上有着广泛的应用。 半导体:电阻率介于金属和绝缘体之间并有负的电阻温度系数的物质。半导体 半导体室温时电阻率约在10-5~107欧・米之间,温度升高时电阻率指数则减小。半导体材料很多,按化学成分可分为元素半导体和化合物半导体两大类。锗和硅是最常用的元素半导体;化合物半导体包括Ⅲ-Ⅴ 族化合物(砷化镓、磷化镓等)、Ⅱ-Ⅵ族化合物( 硫化镉、硫化锌等)、氧化物(锰、铬、铁、铜的氧化物),以及由Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物和Ⅱ-Ⅵ族化合物组成的固溶体(镓铝砷、镓砷磷等)。除上述晶态半导体外,还有非晶态的玻璃半导体、有机半导体等。 本征半导体 不含杂质且无晶格缺陷的半导体称为本征半导体。在极低温度下,半导体的价带是满带(见能带理论),受到热激发后,价带中的部分电子会越过禁带进入能量较高的空带,空带中存在电子后成为导带,价带中缺少一个电子后形成一个带正电的空位,称为空穴(图 1 )。导带中的电子和价带中的空穴合称电子 - 空穴对,均能自由移动,即载流子,它们在外电场作用下产生定向运动而形成宏观电流,分别称为电子导电和空穴导电。这种由于电子-空穴对的产生而形成的混合型导电称为本征导电。导带中的电子会落入空穴,电子-空穴对消失,称为复合。复合时释放出的能量变成电磁辐射(发光)或晶格的热振动能量(发热)。在一定温度下,电子 - 空穴对的产生和复合同时存在并达到动态平衡,此时半导体具有一定的载流子密度,从而具有一定的电阻率。温度升高时,将产生更多的电子 - 空穴对,载流子密度增加,电阻率减小。无晶格缺陷的纯净半导体的电阻率较大,实际应用不多。 半导体半导体中杂质 半导体中的杂质对电阻率的影响非常大。半导体中掺入微量杂......>>

问题四:半导体是什么? 你可以网上查

问题五:半导体中RF是什么意思 RF即射频(Radio Frequency)的意思,通常缩写为RF。表示可以辐射到空间的电磁频率,频率范围从300KHz~30GHz之间。射频简称RF射频就是射频电流,它是一种高频交流变化电磁波的简称。每秒变化小于1000次的交流电称为低频电流,大于1000次的称为高频电流,而射频就是这样一种高频电流。有线电视系统就是采用射频传输方式。

问题六:半导体厂里面sg bg分别是什么意思 Form formPreview = new Form()

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Power semiconductor devices and power electronics

World's first semiconductor rectifier and the transistor is, when no power semiconductor or microelectronics semiconductor division. In 1958, China began the first research topic Thyristor (originally known as PNPN device). In similar time, the study of integrated circuits began gradually. From semiconductor devices to the two direction. The former became the basis for power electronics, while the latter led to the development and micro-electronics and information electronics.

According to the system, power system devices are classified to the machinery, integrated circuits, electronic systems are included. As the semiconductor leader in the electronic systems, coupled with the semiconductor integrated circuits is the main body, which after a long-term evolution of integrated circuits in a number of occasions, has become almost synonymous with semiconductor devices only.

At the end of the sixties and early seventies, the country has set off a "SCR" hot. The boom continued a long time, great influence, and therefore still believe that the domestic power of semiconductors is the main SCR. The late seventies, the development of a thyristor family. And called the name of a standardized "thyristor." As the technology to regulate the power switch, so the wear and tear on a small device, so as the energy trump card. Its application is to cover all fields. China was first mooted in 1979, the establishment of Power Electronics Society, IEEE slightly earlier than the establishment of the United States Institute of Power Electronics (Power Electronics Society). Power Electronics Society of China was founded, as a result of the importance of professional development is very rapid. However, because the focal point was the relationship, it does not like the United States become an independent professional institutes, and was subsequently set up part of the China Electrotechnical Society.

The translation and definition of Power Electronics for Power Electronics (the original idea was also known as the Power Electronics), and the popularity of power electronics played a role. Mechanical, electrical, electronic and other departments are very concerned about its development. Related to the power semiconductor devices has also been known as the power electronic devices. However, this name is very difficult to find abroad, but the corresponding terms. "Electricity" in reference to electronic access to universal, but also left a number of sequels. People mistakenly believe that only high-power direction is the "power" of the main electronic devices, and the difficulty of the rapid development of the MOSFET as a "power electronics" of the other main. From that point, I would like to use power semiconductor devices as the subject of this article, and power electronic devices can be used to express a broader sense to include other non-semiconductor, including a variety of power electronic devices.

The development of power semiconductor devices in three stages

The development of power semiconductor devices can be divided into three stages. The first stage is 60 to the seventies, when the various types of thyristors and power transistors Darlington significant development, or what might be called the era of bipolar. Its clients are mainly for industrial applications, including power systems, such as locomotive traction. The second stage is 80 to the nineties, due to the rise of the power MOSFET to power electronics into a new area. Modern 4C booming industry: the Communication, Computer, Consumer, Car (communication, computer, consumer electronics, automobiles) to provide a new vitality. Before and after the twenty-first century, the development of power semiconductor devices have entered the third phase, that is, and integrated circuit combined with a growing stage, Figure 1 and Figure II made to the above description of a simple sum. Of course, first of all need to focus on that here is this: when the continuous development of power semiconductor devices, the previous stage has not been the dominant product from the stage of history. For example, SCR is still an important product. China has in recent years the introduction of ultra-high-power thyristor, thyristor-controlled technology, such as China's major power transmission project, providing a key device. Recently, in considering the introduction of IGCT technology. In this regard it should be said that has gradually moved towards the world. This is our country going on the many major infrastructure. Although the view from the United States, the production of high-power thyristors have been less and less on the economic development of the two countries are not identical. I draw in Figure 2 in power semiconductor devices in both directions in the development. The left side of the bipolar nature of the direction toward the integration of ultra-high-power and direction. The right direction is unipolar, it is more established and integrated circuits of the inseparable relationship between closely.


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