前言
pymsql是Python中 *** 作MysqL的模块,其使用方法和MysqLdb几乎相同。但目前pyMysqL支持python3.x而后者不支持3.x版本。
本文测试python版本:2.7.11。MysqL版本:5.6.24
一、安装
1 | pip3 install pyMysqL |
二、使用 *** 作
1、执行sql
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | #!/usr/bin/env pytho # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- import pyMysqL # 创建连接 conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,port = 3306 ,user = ‘root‘ ,passwd = ‘ ‘,db=‘ tkq1 ‘,charset=‘ utf8‘) # 创建游标 cursor = conn.cursor() # 执行sql,并返回收影响行数 effect_row = cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" ) # 执行sql,并返回受影响行数 #effect_row = cursor.execute("update tb7 set pass = ‘123‘ where nID = %s",(11,)) # 执行sql,并返回受影响行数,执行多次 #effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)",[("u1","u1pass","11111"),("u2","u2pass","22222")]) # 提交,不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 conn.commit() # 关闭游标 cursor.close() # 关闭连接 conn.close() |
注意:存在中文的时候,连接需要添加charset=‘utf8‘,否则中文显示乱码。
2、获取查询数据
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" ) # 获取剩余结果的第一行数据 row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_1 # 获取剩余结果前n行数据 # row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3) # 获取剩余结果所有数据 # row_3 = cursor.fetchall() conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
3、获取新创建数据自增ID
可以获取到最新自增的ID,也就是最后插入的一条数据ID
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) cursor = conn.cursor() effect_row = cursor.executemany( "insert into tb7(user,%s)" ,[( "u3" , "u3pass" , "11113" ),( "u4" , "u4pass" , "22224" )]) conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() #获取自增ID new_ID = cursor.lastrowID print new_ID |
4、移动游标
*** 作都是靠游标,那对游标的控制也是必须的
1 2 3 4 | 注:在fetch数据时按照顺序进行,可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置,如: cursor.scroll( 1 ,mode = ‘relative‘ ) # 相对当前位置移动 cursor.scroll( 2 ,mode = ‘absolute‘ ) # 相对绝对位置移动 |
5、fetch数据类型
关于默认获取的数据是元祖类型,如果想要或者字典类型的数据,即:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) #游标设置为字典类型 cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pyMysqL.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" ) row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_1 #{u‘licnese‘: 213,u‘user‘: ‘123‘,u‘nID‘: 10,u‘pass‘: ‘213‘} conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
6、调用存储过程
a、调用无参存储过程
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) #游标设置为字典类型 cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pyMysqL.cursors.DictCursor) #无参数存储过程 cursor.callproc( ‘p2‘ ) #等价于cursor.execute("call p2()") row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
b、调用有参存储过程
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pyMysqL.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.callproc( ‘p1‘ ,args = ( 1 , 22 , 3 , 4 )) #获取执行完存储的参数,参数@开头 cursor.execute( "select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3" ) #{u‘@_p1_1‘: 22,u‘@p1‘: None,u‘@_p1_2‘: 103,u‘@_p1_3‘: 24} row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
三、关于pymysql防注入
1、字符串拼接查询,造成注入
正常查询语句:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) cursor = conn.cursor() user = "u1" passwd = "u1pass" #正常构造语句的情况 sql = "select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘%s‘ and pass=‘%s‘" % (user,passwd) #sql=select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘u1‘ and pass=‘u1pass‘ row_count = cursor.execute(sql) row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count,row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
构造注入语句:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) cursor = conn.cursor() user = "u1‘ or ‘1‘-- " passwd = "u1pass" sql = "select user,passwd) #拼接语句被构造成下面这样,永真条件,此时就注入成功了。因此要避免这种情况需使用pyMysqL提供的参数化查询。 #select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘u1‘ or ‘1‘-- ‘ and pass=‘u1pass‘ row_count = cursor.execute(sql) row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count,row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
2、避免注入,使用pyMysqL提供的参数化语句
正常参数化查询
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) cursor = conn.cursor() user = "u1" passwd = "u1pass" #执行参数化查询 row_count = cursor.execute( "select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s" ,(user,passwd)) row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count,row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
构造注入,参数化查询注入失败。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) cursor = conn.cursor() user = "u1‘ or ‘1‘-- " passwd = "u1pass" #执行参数化查询 row_count = cursor.execute( "select user,passwd)) #内部执行参数化生成的SQL语句,对特殊字符进行了加\转义,避免注入语句生成。 # sql=cursor.mogrify("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",passwd)) # print sql #select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘u1\‘ or \‘1\‘-- ‘ and pass=‘u1pass‘被转义的语句。 row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count,row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
结论:excute执行SQL语句的时候,必须使用参数化的方式,否则必然产生sql注入漏洞。
3、使用存MysqL储过程动态执行sql防注入
使用MysqL存储过程自动提供防注入,动态传入sql到存储过程执行语句。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | delimiter \ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql \ CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql ( in nID1 INT , in nID2 INT , in callsql VARCHAR( 255 ) ) BEGIN set @nID1 = nID1; set @nID2 = nID2; set @callsql = callsql; PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql; - - PREPARE prod FROM ‘select * from tb2 where nID>? and nID<?‘ ; 传入的值为字符串,?为占位符 - - 用@p1,和@p2填充占位符 EXECUTE myprod USING @nID1,@nID2; DEALLOCATE prepare myprod; END\ delimiter ; |
1 2 3 4 | set @nID1 = 12 ; set @nID2 = 15 ; set @callsql = ‘select * from tb7 where nID>? and nID<?‘ ; CALL proc_sql(@nID1,@nID2,@callsql) |
pymsql中调用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,db=‘ tkq1‘) cursor = conn.cursor() MysqL = "select * from tb7 where nID>? and nID<?" cursor.callproc( ‘proc_sql‘ ,args = ( 11 , 15 ,MysqL)) rows = cursor.fetchall() print rows #((12,‘u1‘,‘u1pass‘,11111),(13,‘u2‘,‘u2pass‘,22222),(14,‘u3‘,‘u3pass‘,11113)) conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
四、使用with简化连接过程
每次都连接关闭很麻烦,使用上下文管理,简化连接过程
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | #! /usr/bin/env python # -*- Coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pyMysqL import contextlib #定义上下文管理器,连接后自动关闭连接 @contextlib .contextmanager def MysqL(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ ,charset=‘ utf8‘): conn = pyMysqL.connect(host = host,port = port,user = user,passwd = passwd,db = db,charset = charset) cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pyMysqL.cursors.DictCursor) try : yIEld cursor finally : conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() # 执行sql with MysqL() as cursor: print (cursor) row_count = cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" ) row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count,row_1 |
总结
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