API是应用程序接口, 所以在应用级
直接与硬件打交道的是WINDOWS DDK, 设备驱动开发包,
这个开发包处理硬件
欲了解更详细的细节, 请参考CSDN:
比如:http://devcsdnnet/article/80266shtm
VxD API过程
一个VxD提供V86模式和保护模式API过程以允许在一个虚拟机中运行的应用程序和其它软件访问该VxD的特征。如果要使这些可选的过程有效,VxD必须将它们定义为Declare_Virtual_Device宏的参数,如果没有定义,VMM认为该VxD没有API过程。
在一个虚拟机中运行的应用程序或者其它软件通过设置BX寄存器为VxD标识并调用获取设备入口地址功能(INT 2FH 1684H功能)获取特定的虚拟机的API过程的入口地址,VMM返回该地址使得应用程序可以间接调用该API过程。
当一个应用程序调用该入口地址时,VMM保存该应用程序的寄存器并调用VxD相应的API过程,保存当前虚拟机的句柄到BX寄存器中并保存Client_Reg_Struc结构地址到EBP寄存器中。API过程必须检测客户寄存器的值(使用Client_Reg_Struc结构)以判断运行的API调用。
按照常规,大多数API过程使用AH寄存器指定主功能号,使用AL寄存器指定次功能号,其它客户寄存器用于附加参数。API过程通过修改客户寄存器返回值,API过程可以修改EAX、EBX、ECX、EDX、ESI和EDI寄存器。
下面的实例给出了一个实例API过程——VSAMPLED_API_Get_Version:
BeginProc VSAMPLED_API_Get_Version
movzx eax, [ebpClient_AX] ;取功能号
or eax, eax
jnz Undefined
Get_Version:
mov [ebpClient_AX], 030AH ;在客户寄存器AX中返回值
and [ebpClient_Flags], NOT CF_Mask ;清除进位标志
ret
Undefined:
or [ebpClient_Flags], CF_Mask ;设置进位标志
ret
EndProc VSAMPLED_API_Get_Version
照我说的做: 点菜单中的project->settings 来设定你这个工程的属性。 在打开的属性页中点击Link选项卡。 Category选项选择General(这个就是默认的) 下面第二个栏(Object/library modules)里写下你需要的lib库,多个库以空格分隔 例如: kernel32lib user32lib gdi32lib winspoollib comdlg32lib advapi32lib shell32lib ole32lib oleaut32lib uuidlib odbc32lib odbccp32lib msimg32lib winmmlib 注意:这个方法添加以后,如果你切换了左侧debug/release的选项。还需要重新添加一下才可以。 此外楼上兄弟的方法比较简便,不仅只在VC中适用。 h的文件就直接include 就行。
API都是C写的, 反过来也成,
你使用VC来做C程序, 可以直接用API
例子:
// DDcpp : Defines the entry point for the application
//
#include "stdafxh"
#include "resourceh"
#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst; // current instance
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text
// Foward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
// TODO: Place code here
MSG msg;
HACCEL hAccelTable;
// Initialize global strings
LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
LoadString(hInstance, IDC_DD, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
MyRegisterClass(hInstance);
// Perform application initialization:
if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
{
return FALSE;
}
hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_DD);
// Main message loop:
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
if (!TranslateAccelerator(msghwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
return msgwParam;
}
//
// FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()
//
// PURPOSE: Registers the window class
//
// COMMENTS:
//
// This function and its usage is only necessary if you want this code
// to be compatible with Win32 systems prior to the 'RegisterClassEx'
// function that was added to Windows 95 It is important to call this function
// so that the application will get 'well formed' small icons associated
// with it
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
wcexcbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcexstyle = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcexlpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
wcexcbClsExtra = 0;
wcexcbWndExtra = 0;
wcexhInstance = hInstance;
wcexhIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_DD);
wcexhCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcexhbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wcexlpszMenuName = (LPCSTR)IDC_DD;
wcexlpszClassName = szWindowClass;
wcexhIconSm = LoadIcon(wcexhInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_SMALL);
return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
}
//
// FUNCTION: InitInstance(HANDLE, int)
//
// PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window
//
// COMMENTS:
//
// In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and
// create and display the main program window
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable
hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if (!hWnd)
{
return FALSE;
}
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
return TRUE;
}
//
// FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, unsigned, WORD, LONG)
//
// PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window
//
// WM_COMMAND - process the application menu
// WM_PAINT - Paint the main window
// WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
int wmId, wmEvent;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING];
LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING);
switch (message)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
// Parse the menu selections:
switch (wmId)
{
case IDM_ABOUT:
DialogBox(hInst, (LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX, hWnd, (DLGPROC)About);
break;
case IDM_EXIT:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
// TODO: Add any drawing code here
RECT rt;
GetClientRect(hWnd, &rt);
DrawText(hdc, szHello, strlen(szHello), &rt, DT_CENTER);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
// Mesage handler for about box
LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
return TRUE;
case WM_COMMAND:
if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
{
EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
return TRUE;
}
break;
}
return FALSE;
}
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