ruby-on-rails – NameError：使用RSpec和Spork进行测试时Rails应用程序中的未初始化常量

概述我试图在终端中使用以下命令在我的第一个Rails应用程序中运行我的测试： rspec spec/ 但它只会导致以下错误： Exception encountered: #<NameError: uninitialized constant PagesController>backtrace:/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/ 我试图在终端中使用以下命令在我的第一个Rails应用程序中运行我的测试：

rspec spec/

但它只会导致以下错误：

Exception encountered: #<nameError: uninitialized constant PagesController>backtrace:/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/backward_compatibility.rb:20:in `const_missing'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-expectations-2.3.0/lib/rspec/expectations/backward_compatibility.rb:6:in `const_missing'/Users/rich/dev/rails_projects/abunchofletters/spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `block in load_spec_files'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `map'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `load_spec_files'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/command_line.rb:18:in `run'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/monkey/spork/test_framework/rspec.rb:4:in `run_tests'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/spork-0.9.0.rc2/lib/spork/run_strategy/forking.rb:13:in `block in run'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/spork-0.9.0.rc2/lib/spork/forker.rb:21:in `block in initialize'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/spork-0.9.0.rc2/lib/spork/forker.rb:18:in `fork'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/spork-0.9.0.rc2/lib/spork/forker.rb:18:in `initialize'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/spork-0.9.0.rc2/lib/spork/run_strategy/forking.rb:9:in `new'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/spork-0.9.0.rc2/lib/spork/run_strategy/forking.rb:9:in `run'/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/spork-0.9.0.rc2/lib/spork/server.rb:47:in `run'/Users/rich/.rvm/rubIEs/ruby-1.9.2-p0/lib/ruby/1.9.1/drb/drb.rb:1558:in `perform_without_block'/Users/rich/.rvm/rubIEs/ruby-1.9.2-p0/lib/ruby/1.9.1/drb/drb.rb:1518:in `perform'/Users/rich/.rvm/rubIEs/ruby-1.9.2-p0/lib/ruby/1.9.1/drb/drb.rb:1592:in `block (2 levels) in main_loop'/Users/rich/.rvm/rubIEs/ruby-1.9.2-p0/lib/ruby/1.9.1/drb/drb.rb:1588:in `loop'

我可以在浏览器中成功运行该站点,并且“Spork准备就绪并且正在倾听”,这让我觉得我正在运行的Gems,RSpec,Spork还是……有什么问题？而不是我作为PagesController和RSpec测试编写的测试是基于RailsTutorial.org的书.我很茫然.

这是我的Gemfile：

source 'http://rubygems.org'gem 'rails','3.0.3'gem 'sqlite3-ruby','1.2.5',:require => 'sqlite3'gem 'gravatar_image_tag','0.1.0'gem "nokogiri",'1.4.4'gem 'will_paginate','3.0.pre2'group :development do  gem 'rspec-rails','2.3.0'  gem 'annotate-models','1.0.4'  gem 'faker','0.3.1'endgroup :test do  gem 'rspec','2.3.0'  gem 'webrat','0.7.1'  gem 'spork','0.9.0.rc2'  gem 'factory_girl_rails','1.0'end

其次是我的本地宝石列表：

abstract (1.0.0)actionmailer (3.0.3)actionpack (3.0.3)activemodel (3.0.3)activerecord (3.0.3)activeresource (3.0.3)activesupport (3.0.3)annotate-models (1.0.4)arel (2.0.6)autotest (4.3.2)autotest-fsevent (0.2.2)autotest-growl (0.2.4)autotest-rails-pure (4.1.0)builder (2.1.2)bundler (1.0.3)diff-lcs (1.1.2)erubis (2.6.6)factory_girl (1.3.2)factory_girl_rails (1.0)faker (0.3.1)gravatar_image_tag (0.1.0)i18n (0.5.0)mail (2.2.12)mime-types (1.16)nokogiri (1.4.4)polyglot (0.3.1)rack (1.2.1)rack-mount (0.6.13)rack-test (0.5.6)rails (3.0.3)railtIEs (3.0.3)rake (0.8.7)rdoc (2.5.11)rspec (2.3.0)rspec-core (2.3.0)rspec-expectations (2.3.0)rspec-mocks (2.3.0)rspec-rails (2.3.0)spork (0.9.0.rc2)sqlite3-ruby (1.2.5)sys-uname (0.8.4)thor (0.14.6)treetop (1.4.9)tzinfo (0.3.23)webrat (0.7.1)will_paginate (3.0.pre2)

有没有人有任何想法,或者我可以通过提供更多信息来帮助我？我是一个Rails新手现在每次回来都会遇到问题然后再放弃…

更新我的规范/ spec_helper.rb文件：

require 'rubygems'require 'spork'Spork.prefork do  # Loading more in this block will cause your tests to run faster. However,# if you change any configuration or code from librarIEs loaded here,you'll  # need to restart spork for it take effect.  ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'  unless defined?(Rails)    require file.dirname(__file__) + "/../config/environment"  end  require 'rspec/rails'  # Requires supporting files with custom matchers and macros,etc,# in ./support/ and its subdirectorIEs.  Dir["#{file.dirname(__file__)}/support/**/*.rb"].each {|f| require f}  Rspec.configure do |config|    # == Mock Framework    #    # If you prefer to use mocha,flexmock or RR,uncomment the appropriate line:    #    # config.mock_with :mocha    # config.mock_with :flexmock    # config.mock_with :rr    config.mock_with :rspec    config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"    # If you're not using ActiveRecord,or you'd prefer not to run each of your    # examples within a transaction,comment the following line or assign false    # instead of true.    config.use_transactional_fixtures = true    ### Part of a Spork Hack. See http://bit.ly/arY19y    # Emulate initializer set_clear_dependencIEs_hook in     # railtIEs/lib/rails/application/bootstrap.rb    ActiveSupport::DependencIEs.clear  endendSpork.each_run doend

当删除spec_helper的内容时,这是终端的输出：

No DRb server is running. Running in local process instead .../Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/backward_compatibility.rb:20:in `const_missing': uninitialized constant Object::PagesController (nameError)    from /Users/rich/dev/rails_projects/abunchofletters/spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `load'    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `block in load_spec_files'    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `map'    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `load_spec_files'    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/command_line.rb:18:in `run'    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:55:in `run_in_process'    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:44:in `run'    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:10:in `block in autorun'

解决方法 事实证明,问题是由不同模型中的错误验证规则引起的.它花了很多随机的想法和尝试,但最终没有得到错误消息的帮助. 总结

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