关于it的形式宾语，麻烦帮忙解释下这几个句型 1动词＋it＋形容词╱名词＋（for sb）to

it在英语中可以做形式主语，可以代替那些成分？

it在英语中可以做形式主语，可以代替那些成分？it的用法总结：

1可以做代词，指代无生命的东西或者不辨性别的人。

如：Iboughtabookyesterday,andIlikeitverymuch

whosebabyisit

whoareknockingatthedoorit'sme

2it做无人称代词，指代时间，距离，天气等。

如：it'scoldtodayit'snineo'clockit'salongwaythere

3it做代词，在句子中做形式主语和形式宾语。

如：ittookme3hourstofinishthework

Idon'tthinkitagoodideatostayherejustwaiting

It可以做什么的形式主语通常用it做形式主语，将不定式和动名词置于谓语后面，特别是主语较长时，或在一些习惯用法中。

1）谓语是系表结构（be+形容词/名词）时，常将不定式后置，构成句型“it+be+表语（形容词/名词）+不定式”。

例1Itismydutytocareforthatpatient

照料那位病人是我的职责。（做主语的不定式tocareforthatpatient后置，it为形式主语）

例2Itisnotaneasythingtomasteraforeignlanguage

掌握一门外语不是件容易的事。

例3Itisn’trighttospeakillofsomeonebehindhisback

在别人背后说坏话是不对的。

2）当谓语是take，make，pay，cost，require，feel，need等动词时，或者是与情绪有关的动词delight，amuse，excite，annoy，irritate等时，习惯上常用it做形式主语，并将不定式后置。

例1Ittakesonlytenminutestogetthere

到那儿只需十分钟。

例2Itpaystobehonest

诚实是不会吃亏的。

例3Itfeelsgoodtostayawayfromthecrowdedcity

能远离拥挤的城市，感觉真不错。

例4Itannoyedhertoseesomeonespitontheground

看见有人随地吐痰让她很生气。

3）同不定式一样，动名词也可用于“it+be+表语+动名词”句型中，二者的区别可参见10．2．2中1）的论述。下面两组句子没有多大差异。

例1A）Itisawasteoftimetoarguewithhim

B）Itisawasteoftimearguingwithhim

和他争辩是浪费时间。

例2A）Itisworthwhiletodiscussthisagain

B）Itisworthwhilediscussingthisagain

这一点值得在讨论一下。

4）但表语是（of）nouse，notanyuse，nottheslightestuse，nogood，notmuchgood，fun等时，常用动名词（不用不定式）做主语并后置，用it做形式主语。

例如It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk

覆水难收。

5）动名词还可在therebe句型中做主语（不能用不定式），常见形式为“thereisno+动名词”或“thereisno/any+名词+动名词”。

例1Thereisnodenyingthefact

事实无可否定。

例2Thereisn’tanyusetryingagain

再试也没用。

^_^

英语中那些词性可以做主语那些不能1名词做主语：

Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhouse

2代词做主语:

Welikeourschoolverymuch

3数词做主语:

Twoplusoisfour

4名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语:

Thisisanarticle

5动名词做主语:

Seeingisbelieving

6动词不定式做主语:

Todosuchajobweneedabetterknowledge

7从句做主语:

WhatImeanistoworkharder

8名词做主语:

Themotherwithherchildisingtotheschool

形式主语只有一个it吗？有没有其它词可以做形式主语？当代英语中，通常用it做形式主语，将不定式和动名词置于谓语后面，特别是主语较长时，或在一些习惯用法中。

1）谓语是系表结构（be+形容词/名词）时，常将不定式后置，构成句型“it+be+表语（形容词/名词）+不定式”。

例1Itismydutytocareforthatpatient

照料那位病人是我的职责。（做主语的不定式tocareforthatpatient后置，it为形式主语）

例2Itisnotaneasythingtomasteraforeignlanguage

掌握一门外语不是件容易的事。

例3Itisn’trighttospeakillofsomeonebehindhisback

在别人背后说坏话是不对的。

2）当谓语是take，make，pay，cost，require，feel，need等动词时，或者是与情绪有关的动词delight，amuse，excite，annoy，irritate等时，习惯上常用it做形式主语，并将不定式后置。

例1Ittakesonlytenminutestogetthere

到那儿只需十分钟。

例2Itpaystobehonest

诚实是不会吃亏的。

例3Itfeelsgoodtostayawayfromthecrowdedcity

能远离拥挤的城市，感觉真不错。

例4Itannoyedhertoseesomeonespitontheground

看见有人随地吐痰让她很生气。

3）同不定式一样，动名词也可用于“it+be+表语+动名词”句型中，二者的区别可参见10．2．2中1）的论述。下面两组句子没有多大差异。

例1A）Itisawasteoftimetoarguewithhim

B）Itisawasteoftimearguingwithhim

和他争辩是浪费时间。

例2A）Itisworthwhiletodiscussthisagain

B）Itisworthwhilediscussingthisagain

这一点值得在讨论一下。

4）但表语是（of）nouse，notanyuse，nottheslightestuse，nogood，notmuchgood，fun等时，常用动名词（不用不定式）做主语并后置，用it做形式主语。

例如It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk

覆水难收。

5）动名词还可在therebe句型中做主语（不能用不定式），常见形式为“thereisno+动名词”或“thereisno/any+名词+动名词”。

例1Thereisnodenyingthefact

事实无可否定。

例2Thereisn’tanyusetryingagain

再试也没用。

PS最后一项中关于therebe的句型,其实therebe只是倒装用法而已,不是there作形式主语

There是不是也可以做形式主语？不行，做形式主语的只能是it

上面那个句子只是个Therebe句型

英语中什么成分可以做状语？副词

介词短语

从句

以上是经常作状语的

另外还有相当于副词的词

不定式

现在分词

过去分词

另外还有

形容词短语

名词短语如heartandsoul/dayandnight

单个的名词不能作状语

有时单个的形容词可以。如hecamebackhappy

现在分词如hewalkedalongtheriver,singing过去分词theteacherwalkedoutoftheclassroom,followedbythestudentswith的复合结构heslept,withthewindowopen独立主格结构theroomisonthesixthfloor,itswindowfacingthenorth形容词短语也可以hewalkedinthestreet,coldandhungryhewasbackhome,happyandgay

英语中doing（一类词）可以做主语，那么done可以吗doing可以但done不能Tobedone

那些词可以做形式宾语it可以指代learningEnglishwell这个动名词短语，也可以是一个宾语从句的引导词；而在第二个例子里面，it是虚拟主语，那么important的后面就只能跟不定式，而不能跟动名词短语了。

嘿嘿，其实语法这种东西很活的，我上中学的时候一直搞不清楚状语和定语的区别，甚至连定语从句都不知道是什么含义，但是我的英语成绩一直是班上第一。所以，英语不能学死了，语言是活的~~更重要是语感，而不是形式化的语法。

在英语中，副词可以做宾语吗不可以宾语必须是名词性的词如名词代词

“It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年考试的热点，因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。现将it用法归纳如下：

一、It用作实词

表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。

二、It用作形式主语

替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式主语的常见句型：1 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为（1）It be adj (for sb) to do sth

（2）It be adj of sb to do sth

（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型：

It’s no good/use doing…

It’s (well)worth doing…

It’s (well)worth one’s while doing/to do It’s (well)worth while doing/ to do

2 It替代作主语的从句常见句型

（1）It is + noun +从句

（2）It is adj +clause

It’s surprising that… (should)………竟然……

It’s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…

（3）It verb sb + clause= It is v-ing + clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb that…

（4）It verb (to sb) that…= sb/sth verb to do

(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

（5）It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do

(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）

四、It 作形式宾语

用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式宾语的常见句型：

1 verb+ it+ adj/noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

五、强调句型

It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。

在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：

1 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句

2 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句。

3 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。

4 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。

六、It 常用的固定搭配

1 make it

(1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 。

更详细的请看：）~~

>

I think it important for you to learn English 我认为对你来说学英语是重要的。 it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to learn English 用形式宾语或形式主语是为了保持句子平衡。例如：It is necessary to read English every day 每天读英语是必要的。如果把to read English 放在句首就有种头重脚轻的感觉，在英语中为了保持句子平衡就会用到形式主语或宾语。 而且作形式主语和宾语的只能是it

待续

5 I make it a rule that I brush my teeth every morning我制定了一条规则，我每天早晨刷牙。

2I consider it as my friend此句中it不是形式宾语，是代词， 我把它看做朋友。

I think it impossible that he is an Alien我认为他是个外星人是不可能的。

4 I believe it that it is going to rain tomorrow我认为明天会下雨。

It is 可用于强调句、定语从句、主语从句等多种句型，举例如下：

一、It is(was)⋯⋯that⋯⋯句型, It is + 被强调成分 + that +句子剩余部分 （强调句）

可以分别用来强调主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。如：

1、It was he who( that)read three books in the library yesterday(强调主语)

是他昨天在图书馆读了三本书。

2、It was three books that he read in the library yesterday(强调宾语)

他昨天在图书馆读了三本书。

It was in the library that he read three books yesterday(强调地点状语)

他昨天是在图书馆里读了三本书。

二、It is +名词+定语从句

It was the day my grandmother was angry

那一天我外婆生气了。

三、It is +名词/形容词+不定式主语

It做形式主语，句子真正的主语是不定式。

It was a pleasure to draw pictures

画画是一种享受。

四、It is + no use + 动名词主语

It做形式主语，句子真正的主语是动名词 。

It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do

做你喜欢的事是没有用的；你必须喜欢你做的事。

五、It is +名词/形容词+主语从句

It做形式主语，句子真正的主语是主语从句。如：

It was inevitable that the scent of flowers always reminded him of past events

这是不可避免的：花的味道总是让他想起过去的往事。

六、It 还用于指代时间、距离、价值、天气，以及不明确的人（包括性别不明的婴儿、敲门或打来电话的人。在不知道对方性别前，无法确定该用he还是she，往往用it）。

It was a bright cold day in March

这是三月的寒冷的一天。

It的用法（专项总结）

一、人称代词

1，it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:

①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance

2，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):

②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t

③They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder

3，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:

③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth．

二、非人称代词

1it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等：

⑴指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t it ⑵指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back

⑶指日期:It is April First today ⑷指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from A to B

⑸指价值:It is three dollars ⑹指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade

三、其他用法

1在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事：

①Who is it there It's I (me/you/he) ②I thought it was Mary, but it was not she

③Her face lighted when she saw who it was

2泛泛的指某件事： (有时泛指一般情况)

①It doesn’t matter ②It is a shame, isn’t it ③How is it going(情况怎样)

④It says in the newspaper that

3it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思

The last train's gone Come on, we'll foot it(来，咱们步行吧。)

四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语：　

1作形式主语替代主语从句

⑴It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain) that 从句 常译为＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear

⑵It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural) that 从句 常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅)that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。

①It is important that we (should) learn English well②It is necessary that he (should) remember these words

⑶It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped) that 从句 常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。

①It is said that he has come to Beijing ②It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit

⑷It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded ) that 从句that　后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）

①It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off

②It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours

⑸It is time ( about time ，high time ) that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did)

① It is time that children went to bed

⑹It is the first ( second ) time that从句(从句用现在完成时 have done )

It was …(从句用过去完成时had done )常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。

It is the first time I have been here = This is the first time I have been here

⑺It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/ ) that从句

that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

①It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！

②It is a pity that he is ill 他生病了，真遗憾！

⑻It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that从句常译为 “ 碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…”

①It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street 碰巧．．

②It seems that he will be back in a few days 看来．．．

2作形式主语替代不定式　

⑴ It is kind ( of sb ) to do sth 不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。 常见的词有：

bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb is kind to do sth 。　 如:It is kind of you to say so = You are kind to say so

⑵It is necessary ( for sb ) to do sth 不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。 常见的形容词有：

important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant

如:It is important for her to come to the party = It is important that she (should ) come to the party

⑶It takes sb to do sth 常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。

如:It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall

3作形式主语替代动名词短语

It is no good / no use / useless doing sth 常译为 “┅有好处或没有用”

①It is no good learning English without speaking English

②It's useless trying to argue with Shylock

五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。

We think it important to learn a foreign language

该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel； 如:

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day

He felt it important learning English well

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days

The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers

CF: keep sth, in mind / keep in mind that

六、it的重要句型

1强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句 (被强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用)

①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made

②It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday

特例:It is not until + 被强调部分 + that 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not until 的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star

常用it作形式主语的句型结构

◇ It + be +形容词+ that-从句

可用于此句型的形容词有: wonderful, true，good，right，wrong，（un）important，useless，surprising，clear，unusual，lucky，certain, necessary等。 如：

① It is quite certain that he will be at the meeting

② It is surprising that he came late to school this morning

③ It is important that we (should) study hard

注意: 该句型中的形容词是（un）important, necessary等时，从句应为 (should )+动词原形。 ◇ It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

适用该句型的过去分词主要有: said, reported, announced, hoped, thought，told，believed，expected，decided，suggested, known等。如：

① It is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free

② It is well known that the earth goes around the sun

③ It is suggested that the sports meeting (should ) be put off until next week

注意: 该句型的过去分词是suggested时，从句应为 (should )+动词原形。

◇ It + be +名词+ that-从句

适用该句型的名词（词组）有: a pity，an honor，a good thing，a fact，a surprise，good news, one’s duty等。 如：

① It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week

② It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language

◇ It ＋seem／ appear／ happen的适当形式＋that从句。该句型常可以转换成含不定式的简单句。如：

① It seems that there is a big waste pipe coming down from the town

→There seems to be a big waste pipe coming down from the town

② He appeared to becalm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear

→It appeared that he was calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear

◇ It doesn't matter ( It’s no wonder; It doesn’t make much difference等)

＋ when/ where/ which/ whether 等从句。 如：

① Does it matter if he can't finish the job on time

② They are all classmates It is no wonder

they should help each other with their studies

◇ It + be + adj/ n (for sb / of sb) + to do sth 该句型中的形容词通常是表示事物的特点或特征的如difficult，hard，easy，impossible，necessary，important等，此时用for；或表示人的性格特征或特点的如nice，good，bad，kind，silly，foolish，wise，clever， careless，rude，brave，cruel，careful， grateful等，这时要用 of。如：

① It is foolish of you to give up such a good chance

② It is necessary for college students to master at least a foreign language

It作形式主语常见句型

动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：

1 It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：

It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not

2 It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：

It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match It remains a question whether he will come or not

3 It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如： It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient

4 It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等， 如：

It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth

It happened that I was out when he called

5 It + be + 形容词 + for sb）+ 动词不定式

这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如： It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language It is unwise to give the children whatever they want

这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise

6 It + be + 形容词 + of sb + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：

It’s very kind of you to help me with the work

=You are kind to help me

It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others =He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others

7 It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如：

It is not a good habit to stay up too late

8 It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：

It’s a waste of time talking to her any more

It is no use arguing about the matter with him

9 It + take ( sb )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：

It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot

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