代词it和that的用法

that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes 这个就是that指代的从句，that后面的整体用来解释mummy，而这个that引导的从句里面还有一个状语从句，就是里面的who所引导的，who后面的内容是做前面Shepenmut 的状语

It做形式主语，代替由不定式，动名词短语或是从句所表示的真正的主语。如It’s no use talking to him about it

It做形式宾语，代替一个由不定式，动名词，或是宾语从句，如I think it no use arguing with him

it可以指季节,时间, 距离

如 It was mid summer

It’s only five miles

同时在强调句中，It + be + 要强调的部分+ that(who, whom) + 句子其他部分 这个句型很重要，记住即可。

that有些固定的搭配 如 so that ，such that。

that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。

1 that名词性从句。

①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。

I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship

The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough

② 引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。

That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone

（It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun）

③引导表语从句。

The trouble is that we are short of money

④引导同位语从句。

引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分；而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明：

The news that he resigned from office surprised us

The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus

2 that引导状语从句

①引导目的状语从句。

Bring it nearer that I may see it better

②引导结果状语从句。

What have I done that he should be so angry with me

③引导原因状语从句。

I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test

④引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然、尽管”。

Difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish it on time

⑤引导条件状语从句。意为“假使、假设”。

Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do

On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible

it，单数，特指，相当于“the

+

单数/不可数名词”；与所指代名词属同一类，而且是同一个。

This

is

my

watch;

it’s

a

Swiss

one

(《牛津现代高级英汉双解辞典》)。

Where

is

my

book？Have

you

seen

it？(同上)

以上两句中的it均特指前面所指代名词，和前面所指代名词同类而且是同一个。

that的用法

that,

特指，单数，相当于“the

+

单数/不可数名词”，与所指代名词同类，但不同一，具体指哪个取决于其后定语of-短语。例如：

My

seat

was

next

to

_______

of

the

teacher

A

one

B

it

C

that

D

seat

空白处需一代词代替其前可数名词seat,以避免重复。因有后置定语of

the

teacher,

故所需代词为特指，且与所指代名词同类不同一（老师的座位），故排除A、B、D，答案为C

(that)。又如：

Nine

in

ten

parents

said

there

were

significant

differences

in

their

approach

to

educating

their

children

compared

with

_______

of

their

parents

A

those

B

one

C

both

D

that

空白处需一代词代前面名词approach,

单数，故排除A、C。因有后置定语of

their

parents,

特指，故排除B。答案为D

(that)。

好的,我给你例句：

Mr Wang is very kindHe gives us lots of help

==MrWang gives us a lot of help,and THAT is very kind of him

that指代前面提到的MrWang gives us a lot of help

==It is very kind of MrWang to give us a lot of help

It(形式主语) is very kind （表语）of MrWang to give us a lot of help（从of到最后都是真正主语）------it的使用是为了使句子变得平衡

一、It用作实词

表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this,that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象

二、It用作形式主语

替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾

It 作形式主语的常见句型：1代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为（1）It be adj(for sb) to do sth

（2）It be adjof sbto do sth

（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型：

It’s no good/use doing…

It’s (well)worth doing…

It’s (well)worth one’s while doing/to do It’s (well)worth while doing/ to do

2It替代作主语的从句常见句型

（1）It is + noun +从句

（2）It is adj+clause

It’s surprising that… (should)………竟然……

It’s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…

（3）It verb sb+ clause= It is v-ing + clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sbthat…

（4）It verb (to sb) that…= sb/sth verb to do

(verb = appear,seem,come about,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turn out ,work out)

（5）It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do

(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know）

四、It 作形式宾语

用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾

It 作形式宾语的常见句型：

1verb+ it+ adj/noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)

that 用法

pron

1那;那个,那人,那事,那东西

That's my English teacher over there

那边是我的英文老师

2(已被提到的)那个,那人,那事,那东西

Who told her that

那是谁告诉她那件事的

3前者

4(用作关系代词的先行词)那,那个

What is that which you have just stuffed into the plastic cup

你刚才塞在塑料杯里的是什么东西

5(代替句中名词,避免重复)

The output of steel this year has increased by 20% compared with that in 1992

今年钢产量比一九九二年增长了百分之二十

6(用作关系代词,引导关系从句)

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