逗号后面用that还是which

which的用法四种句型如下：

1which 哪个、哪一个

which 用作疑问形容词时，表达选项数目固定或是有限的选项。

例：Which time suits you better, 11:30 or one o’clock

哪个时间你更方便——11点半还是1点？

例：Which is mine The smaller one

哪个是我的？小一点的这个？

例：Which of these jackets do you prefer

这几件夹克你比较喜欢哪件？

2which 用作关系代名词(接在逗号后面)

which 当成关系代名词使用时，用于为前面的从句补充额外资讯，通常用于逗号之后。若which接在逗号后面，which指的是逗号前面所描述的整个事件。

例：He showed me round the town, which was very kind of him

他带我参观了这个城镇，他真是太好了。

例：She invited us to dinner, which was very kind of her

她邀请我们吃晚饭，她人真客气。

3which 用作关系代名词(前面无逗号)

若which前面无逗号，则which指的是前面提到的事物。

例：The museum which we visited yesterday is the biggest in the city

我们昨天拜访的博物馆是这城市里最大间的。

例：It’s a disease which affects mainly older people

这疾病主要感染的是老人。

4which 的限定用法与非限定用法

which当作关系代名词时，要特别注意限定用法与非限定用法。

例：Tom has a cat which can sleep all day

汤姆有一只可以睡整天的猫。

说明：which前面没逗号，所以which指的是”猫”，表示汤姆可能有很多猫，而这里指的是整天在睡觉的那只猫。这是限定用法。

例：Tom has a cat, which can sleep all day

汤姆有一只猫，可以睡整天。

说明：which前面有逗号，所以which指的是“汤姆有一只猫”，表示汤姆应该只有这只猫，而这只猫可以睡整天。这是非限定用法。

用作关系代词的有who,whom,whose,that,which,等who(主格，在东距中用作主语),whom（宾格，在从句中用作宾语）,whose（属格，在从句中用作定语）指人。

that在从句中既可用作主语，亦可用作宾语（作宾语时可省去）；既可指人，又可指物。

which 在从句中既可用作主语，亦可用作宾语，一般指物。

which亦可作宾语和表语

例：We told him to consult the doctor,which advice he took

先行词指人时，关系代词可用that,who,但关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用主格who

1、that与which的区别。

1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。

eg There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

This is the best film that I have ever seen 这部**是我看过的最好的一部。

Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。

eg He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

This is the room in which my father lived last year 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

3）as引导定语从句时的用法

①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。

eg I want the same shirt as my friend’s 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

eg As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

eg He made a long speech, as we expected

He made a long speech, which was unexpected

②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。

eg Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all

2 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。

eg The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。

The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow

3 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

eg There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand

4 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。

eg October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded

5 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。

eg The sick man whom she is looking after is her father

6 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。

eg The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school

（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

eg I was the only person in our office who was invited（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）

2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

eg Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）

1关系代词可以用which,关系副词可以用who,when,where,why等

2that 一般不用逗号紧接先行词引导定语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句

这道题不用看make啊,并不是which前一定要有make吧

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