it的用法，尽量全面

1、it的基本用法

（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。

The train has arrived It arrived half an hour ago

（2）用以代替提示代词this, that。

—What’s this —It’s a knife

—Whose watch is that —It’s mine

（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。

—Who is knocking at the door —It’s me

（4）指环境情况等。

It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment

（5）指时间、季节等。

—What time is it —It’s eight o’clock

It often rains in summer here

（6）指距离。

It is a long way to the school

（7）作形式主语。

It is not easy to finish the work in two days

It is no use crying over spilt milk

It is as pity that you didn’t read the book

（8）作形式宾语。

I think it no use arguing with him

I found it very interesting to study English

He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject

（9）用于强调结构。

It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night

It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night

It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street

It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night

2、含有“It is …”的句型

（1）It is time (for sb) to do sth

It is (high) time that sb did sth(虚拟语气)

（2）It is + 形容词（+of / for sb）+ to do sth

通常用

of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。

（3）It is + 形容词 + that + sb + (should) do sth（虚拟语气）

能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如：

It is important that we should pay close attention to grain

It is natural that he（should）say so

（4）It is no use/ good + doing sth

It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again

（5）It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + …

Was it in the street that you met her

Who was it that called him“comrade”

It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend

It is in a small factory that my brother is going to

work（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”）

比较：It is a small factory where my brother is going to

work（定语从句）

（6）It is said/reported/announced/ (well) known … that…

（7）It is/was + 时间 + since … 从……已多久了。

It is three years since I met him in Beijing

It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain

village with these farmers（注意两句中的时态）

It is five months since I arrived in New York我到纽约已经五个月了。

It is five months since I was in New York我离开纽约已经五个月了。

（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）

（8）It is + 时间 + before …

这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、three

hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。

It will be several years before we meet again

我们要过好几年才能再见面。

It was not long before they set out for the front

不久他们就出发去了前线。

（9）It is /was/will be the first/second/third … time that …

It is the first time that I have been here

It was the second time that he had seen the film

（10）It is up to sb to do sth … 应由某人做某事。

It is up to you to decide whether we start or not

可以在开机（或重启）时，不停点击F10按键进入bios。

在system configuration—device configuration中，确认Usb Legacy support设定为enabled，在port option中usb port选项为选中状态，在system configuration-boot option的选项中找到boot order，将usb hard disk--设定为第一位。

惠普（Hewlett-Packard，简称HP）是信息科技（IT）公司之一，成立于1939年惠普总部位于美国加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托市。惠普下设三大业务集团：信息产品集团、打印及成像系统集团和企业计算机专业服务集团。中国惠普有限公司总部位于北京，在上海、广州、沈阳、南京、西安、武汉、成都、深圳等都设有分公司。中国惠普在大连设有惠普全球呼叫中心，在重庆设有生产工厂，在天津设有数据中心。

“It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年考试的热点，因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。现将it用法归纳如下：

一、It用作实词

表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。

二、It用作形式主语

替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式主语的常见句型：1 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为（1）It be adj (for sb) to do sth

（2）It be adj of sb to do sth

（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型：

It’s no good/use doing…

It’s (well)worth doing…

It’s (well)worth one’s while doing/to do It’s (well)worth while doing/ to do

2 It替代作主语的从句常见句型

（1）It is + noun +从句

（2）It is adj +clause

It’s surprising that… (should)………竟然……

It’s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…

（3）It verb sb + clause= It is v-ing + clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb that…

（4）It verb (to sb) that…= sb/sth verb to do

(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

（5）It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do

(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）

四、It 作形式宾语

用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式宾语的常见句型：

1 verb+ it+ adj/noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

五、强调句型

It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。

在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：

1 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句

2 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句。

3 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。

4 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。

六、It 常用的固定搭配

1 make it

(1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 。

it的所有用法总结如下：

I．It 作形式主语的句型

①It + be + adj(kind , wise , careless, clever…) + of sb to do sth

Eg: It is wise of him to make such a decision他做出这样的决定是明智的。

②It + be + adj(easy , safe , common , normal …)+ for sb to do sth

该句型中adj若为important, necessary, natural, possible, strange, vital, essential等可改为从句,从句用should+动词原形。

Eg: It’s very dangerous for children to play with fire

It is important for us to learn English well (= It is important that we (should) learn English well)

③ It + be +V-ed(reported,believed, said, suggested…)+ that 从句

该句型中：⑴若V-ed为reported, believed, said等常译为“据报道”，“据认为”，“据说”。⑵若V-ed为suggested, ordered, demanded, insisted等表示“建议”,“命令”的词，从句要用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形。

Eg: It is suggested that the book (should) be revised

It’s said that Tom has been back from abroad (=Tom is said to have been back from abroad)

④ It + be + n (a pity, a shame, a fact , good news…)+ that 从句:

该句型中，从句一般用(should) + 动词原形，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。

Eg: It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！

⑤ It is useless/no use/no good /pleasure+ doing sth

此句型中的it是形式主语, 其后的动名词短语是真正的主语,译为“做…没有用”。

Eg : It ‘s useless arguing with him further // It’s no use talking with him, because he won’t listen

⑥ It takes sb to do sth

该句型中it是形式主语，真正的宾语是to do sth，常译为＂做……要花费某人……＂。

Eg: It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall

II．It 作形式宾语的句型

1sb find/ believe/ think/ feel/ consider/ make + it +n/adj +to do或从句

该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。6 指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；1 指的是形式宾语 it；2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。

Eg: We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day

He felt it important learning English well

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days

2主语＋hate / dislike / love / like ＋it ＋when－从句

Eg: I hate it when people speak with their mouths full

3 主语＋appreciate ＋it ＋if－从句

Eg: I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math

4 sb depend on/count on/rely on/see to(负责，确保)/ answer for it that…

Eg: You may rely on it that he won’t be late

You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab

5 sb take it for granted that… 认为……是理所当然的

Eg: I take it for granted that he will succeed

IIIIt 引导的时间句型

⑴ It + is/has been+ 时间段+ since引导的时间状语从句:

该句型中从句一般用过去时态，句意为“自从以来已多久了”

Eg : It is 5 minutes since the bus left 公汽开走已有5分钟了

⑵ It + be（will/was）+ 时间段 + before引导的时间状语从句:

该句型中，主句谓语动词be若为肯定式，意为“过多久才”；若为否定式时，意为“没过多久就”。

Eg : It will be long/ 3 hours before he comes back要过三个小时他才会回来

It was 3 hours before he came back 过了三个小时他才回来

⑶ It + be + 时间点+ when引导的时间状语从句

这个句型中, it 代指时间，表示时间点的词前没有介词。

Eg : It will be Monday when he comes back 他周一的时候回来

It was Monday when he came back 他周一回来的

对比：It was on Monday that he came back (强调句)

⑷ It + is (about/high) time + (that) sb did/should dosth

意为“该是某人做…的时候了”， about/high是用于加强语气，that从句用should或动词一般过去时表虚拟。

亦可转换成 It + is+ time +(for sb )to do sth

Eg : It’s (high/about) time (that) we handed in/should hand in our homework

⑸ It / This / That +is+ the first(second …) time + that sb has done sth:

意为“这是某人第…次做…”，注意time前有序数词，主句是 is 时 ，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用was ，则从句须用过去完成时。 Eg : It is the third time that I have seen the film

That was the second time that I have been there

IV．It 引导的强调句

强调句形式：It + is/was +被强调的部分+ that/who从句

Eg: It was last week that I met an old friend in the street // It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday

(强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句)

判断方法：将It is/was和that去掉，若该句是一个完整无缺的句子即为强调句

常考考点：

①强调句型中的主谓一致Eg: It is you，rather than he，that are to blame for the accident．

②插入从句的强调句型 Eg: It was in the restaurant where we had dinner last Sunday that you left your wallet．

③强调句型的一般疑问句、特殊疑问句形式

一般疑问句：Is / Was it + 被强调部分+ that + 句子其余部分 Eg: Was it in 1933 that the Second World War broke out

特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be + it + that + 句子其余部分Eg: When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？

④强调句型用于名词性从句, 尤其注意要使用陈述语序。

Eg: I don’t know when it was that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？

⑤not until用于强调句型 It is / was not until ＋被强调部分＋ that ＋其他部分

Eg : It was not until midnight that she went back home

此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till和until可通用。因为句型中It is / was not已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句。

V．It其他常见用法：

It looks / appears as if 看起来好像……It looks as if she is ill

It seems that 似乎…… It seems that he will be back in a few days

It turns out that 原来是…… It turned out that the beautiful woman was a thief

It occurs to/strikes sb that… 突然想到……It occurred to me that I hadn’t locked the door

It happened that 碰巧…… It happened that he met his teacher in the street

It doesn’t matter whether/if…无论是…没关系 It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not

It is no wonder that 难怪… He works so hard It’s no wonder he could pass the exam

How did it come about that … “……怎么发生的？” How did it come about that his bike was thrown into the river

It all depends/that all depends那得看情况

It's up to sb由……决定，由……负责，取决于……

as it is (1)事实上，实际情况是……; (2)照原样

make it成功、做到、说定

Believe it or not信不信由你

Get it 明白了

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