不一定,放句首没有指代作用,放句尾可以指代主语
asitis/was是一个固定结构,可置于句首或句末,但用法有所区别。
位于句首(指置于句子主语之前),意思是“实际上”、“其实”,"照目前情”,此时it不指
代任何具体事物。用法上相当于infact,asamatteroffact或sotospeak。
1)Ithoughthingswouldgetbatter,butasitistheyaregettingworse原本我想事情会好转,而事实上它们变得更糟。
2)IfIhadknownwhattodo,everythingwouldhavebeenallrightAsitwaseverythingwnetwrong
我要是知道该做什么,一切就都会好了,而事实上,一切都很糟糕。
位于句末,意思是“照现在这个样子”、“照原来这个样子”,此时it在句中起指代作用,指前面提到的某具体事物。
英语人称代词主格和宾格的某些习惯用法就是突破语法规则的特赦语言现象。
一、当人称代词作表语时,按其语法规则应用主格形式。例如:
A: Who is there谁在那儿?
B: It's I 是我。
但是在实际口头交际中,几乎没有什么人说“It is I”这样的话了,甚至有人把“It is I”称为“做作的英语”,而把“It is me”称为“地道的英语”。例如:
“That's him,”said Ann Veronica in sound idiomatic English“就是他”,安·维罗尼卡用十分地道的英语说道。
“He may be me,”said Father Brown,with cheerful contempt for grammar“他可能就是我,”布朗神父说道,得意洋洋地蔑视起语法来了。
Our navy is no more superfluity to us:It is us我国的海军对我们绝不只是可有可无的——它是我们的命根子。
二、当人称代词作主语时,理应用主格代词。例如:
I like him very much我非常喜欢他。
He gave me a book他给了我一本书。
但符合下列条件之一者,亦可用宾格人称代词。
1、在自由对话中。例如:
A:Who can drive a bus谁会开车?
B:Me我。
A:Who's for a game of tennis谁要打网球?
B:Me我。
A:I'm in love我在恋爱。
B:Me too我也是。
2、在表示惊奇、反诘、否定、轻蔑、不满和厌烦等感情色彩中。例如:
A:You ought to do it你应该做这件事。
B:What,me! 什么,我?!
A:I believe he wants to make
you a minister我相信他要让你当部长。
B:Him! He'd lose the war first他?!他会先输了这场战争的。
上述几句中均无动词,在下面的句子中尽管出现动词,但只是用非限定性形式。例如:
Me married I don't think我结婚了?没这回事。
What! Me fight a big chap like himNot me!什么!要我跟他这样的大个儿斗?我可不干。
3、在 there be 或 here be 句式中。例如:
There used to be three of us, but now there's only me以前我们是三个人,而现在只剩下我一个人了。
Here's the boy in gaol and me disgraced forever这孩子坐了牢,让我永远丢脸。
4、在表示补充说明或意义上转折的句子中使用,有人称之为绝对结构(absolute construction)或省略结构(elliptical construction)。例如:
I was hungry and tired and me without a cent to my name我又饿有累,而且一文不名。
We had to wade across the street----and me in my best suit我们得涉水过街,而且我还穿着最好的衣服。
5、在有形容词作人称代词的定语时。例如:
Poor little me always gets the blame可怜年幼的我老是受责备。
Tall and strong him broke the record for high-jump身材高大结实的他打破了跳高记录。
6、当人称代词和其他名词并列作句中的主语是。例如:
Lily and me have made up our minds莉莉和我都下定了决心。
Me and my co-Directors have warned he town again and again what would happen我和我一起合作的董事们一再提出警告,这个城镇会出事的。
这种人称代词宾格代替主格的用法只见于非正式文体中,在正式英语或书面考试英语中仍应用主格形式。
三、人称代词作宾格时,语法规则要求用宾格,而不能用主格。例如:
Mary loves him very much玛丽很爱他。
但是,当动词跟随一个并列宾语,而且前一个宾语是代词you或名词时,第二个用作宾语的代词可用主格。例如:
He won't let you and I into the house 他不让你和我进房间去。
Let you and I be friends!咱俩交个朋友吧!
It made Dad and I laugh这弄得爸爸和我都笑起来了。
She saw you and I last night她昨晚见到了你和我。
介词后面的并列代词用作宾语时也有这样的情况。例如:
There was agreement between Mr Thumbrill and I托姆利尔先生和我意见一致。
It's no more use for you and I to kick你我再发牢骚也没用了。
按照一般语法规则,以上几句中用I的地方都应该用me,因为它们分别用作宾语。但在口语,甚至现在的书面语中,人们常常用I 作动词或介词后面的第二个宾语。
四、在as,than引导的比较状语从句中,人称代词的应用比较复杂。
1、当句中的动词为不可以要求以人作宾语的及物动词时,than,as后面的人称代词既可用主格(符合语法规则)也可用宾格(习惯用法)。试比较:
She speaks English faster than IShe speaks English faster than me她讲英语比我快。
He talks English as well as IHe talks English as well as me他英语讲的同我一样好。
2、当句中的动词为不及物动词或系动词时,than,as后面的人称代词可用主格(符合语法规则),亦可用宾格(习惯用法),而且在现代英语中用宾格的情况越来越普遍。试比较:
He is older than IHe is older than me他比我年龄大。
She runs as fast as IShe runs as fast as me她跑得跟我一样快。
3、当句中谓语动词为及物动词时,than,as后面的人称代词应根据它们在句中所充当的成分(主语和宾语)分别用主格或宾格。人称代词作主语,该用主格;否则,应用宾格。例如:
Mary likes him better than I(=Mary likes him better than I like him)玛丽比我更喜欢他。
Mary likes him better than me(=Mary likes him better than she likes me)玛丽更喜欢的是他而不是我。
She knows me as well as he(=She and he both know me)她和他都了解我。
She knows me as well as him(=She knows me and him)她既了解他,也了解我。
尽管在非正式语体中,也有人把作主语的人称代词用宾语形式表示,如把“Mary likes him better than I”说成“Mary likes him better than me”,但从目前的情况来看,这种既不合乎语法规则,意义也不明确的作法都是不足效法的,应当避免使用。
4、在 It be…that强调结构中,如果句子的主语是人称代词,要强调其主语,语法规则要求用主格。例如:
I went to Shanghai three days ago →It was I that (who) went to Shanghai three days ago是我三天前去过上海的。
但是在日常谈话,甚至在书面英语中,也会碰到用宾格的现象。例如:
It was me that did it(=It was I that did it)是我做了那件事。
It's him that is a genius(=It's he that is a genius)他才是一位天才。
相反,在强调用作宾语的代词时,却以主格形式出现。例如:
as it is 1.really;in reality事实上We hoped that things would get better,but as it is,they are getting worse.我们本希望情况会好转的,但是事实上,现在情况正在恶化He seemed to be around fifty,but as
把句子换一下顺序,第二部分放句首,你就明白了。如果用it,就应该加句号,是两句话。而用as就是一个短语,可以放在句子的首中尾,引导定语从句。语法题其实并不难,首先把句子简单化,留下必不可少的部分,主谓宾清楚了,单词短语在句中的作用也就一目了然了,万变不离其宗。最后教你一个最笨也是最有效的办法,针对性练习,熟能生巧,各个攻破,做到最后所有的语法都在心中,凭语感就能应对所有题目。
我们拿一个例子来看这三个词之间的转换比如大家熟悉的这个句型:It is well know that English is important
它可以转换为:As is well known,Englis is important
根据上面的变化,可以看出用it时,句中需要增加连词that构成主语从句结构;如果没有that,那么需要寻找一个具有连词功能的as来连接两个分句再看一个类似的关系处理方法:
There is another animal in Australia worth mentioning,and that is the crocodile
=There is another animal in Australia worth mentioning,which is the crocodile
你分析一下为什么可以这么转换
下面看一下what:
what=something that/anything that/everything that/that which/all that/somebody that
常翻译成汉语的“所的”,“所谓的”
例如:Lincoln's stepmother did what she could to help him
=Lincoln's stepmother did everything that she could to help him
=Lincoln's stepmother did all that she could to help him
意思都是一样的,上面的纯属瞎扯,但是虽然意思一样
as
is
konwn
to
all后面得加一个逗号,再加句子
而it
is
known
to
all后面直接加句子
“as
is
it,”是一个可以接受的和共同的术语,是指在这一刻的东西。它意味着“因为这是在任何情况下”我认为它正在使用。
“as
it
is”是经常使用的术语出售以前使用过或可能损坏的项目。例如,如果有某些“as
it
is”,它指出该项目不能保证就好像它是新的和工作条件。如果有保险,它可能不会损坏,便只能在运输途中损失。
Mine
is
not
the
final
or
official
opinion
Let's
hear
from
some
others…
as
it
is
照现状看,
看样子,事实上
Leave
it
as
it
is
让它照现在的样子放在那儿。
as it is
1.really;in reality事实上
We hoped that things would get better,but as it is, they are getting worse.我们本希望情况会好转的,但是事实上,现在情况正在恶化。
He seemed to be around fifty, but as it was, he was over sixty.他看上去只有 50岁左右,但事实上他已经60多岁了。
As it is, he is a noblehearted man with profound thinking.事实上,他是一个心灵高尚,思想深刻的人。
2.without changes or improvements(used after the word it modifies)照原来的样子(位于被修饰词之后)
Leave it as it is.听其自然。
It's good enough as it is.照现在这个样子已经很不错了。
They agree to buy the house just as it is.他们同意照房子原状买下来。
as it were
1.in a manner;as if it really were 宛如;似乎
Her mother is, as it were,her friend.她的母亲好像就是她的朋友。
He is,as it were,a walking dictionary.他仿佛是部活字典。
2.so to speak可以说
Books are,as it were,his life.书可以说就是他的生命。
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