it的用法

it的用法 (1)it作无人称代词：it作无人称代词表示自然现象、气候、时间、距离等。it是形式主语没有词汇意义。如： 1)It is very cold today．(气候) 2)It is three o'clock．(时间) 3)It is along way from here．(距离) (2)it作人称代词：it作人称代词时，用来代替上下文中提到的事或物，有时可代替整个句子的内容。 (3)his(was)+形容词十不定式(to do)，it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正主语。 (过去分词) (4)his+{形容词}+that(what，how，whether．．．)，it为形式主语，that引导的为主语从句。 (名词) (5)It+不及物谓语动词+that引导的主语从句。这些动词有：seem，appear，turn out，follow，happen等。 (6)It may well be that引导的主语从句。 (7)it作形式宾语： 1)某些及物动词+it+形容词十不定式； 2)某些及物动词+it+形容词+that 在上述两种句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语，或that引导的宾语从句。 (8)it用于强调句型： It is(was)十被强调的成分+that(which，who) 强调句型是简单句，可以用来强调句中主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调定语和谓语。在这种句型中把his．．．that去掉，句子仍成立。 代词在句中分析与翻译的实例 1．All the various transitions from one form of motion into another are governed by one ofthe fundamental laws of nature，that of the eternity of matter and its motion． 运动可以由一种形式变为另一种形式，所有运动形式的变换都取决于一个基本的自然规律，即物质及其运动永恒性的规律。(that代替one，one代替law。) 2．The author enumerate some of the factors which make it difficult for the sociologist to conduct experiments in the same way as his colleagues in the physical sciences． 作者列举了某些使社会科学家难以进行实验的因素，而在同样的情况下，他的自然科学的同事们却可以进行实验。(it为形式宾语代替真正宾语to conduct．．．。) 3．The metallurgist has recently found a metal skin for missiles and supersonic planes，one that will retain its strength at the high temperature caused by air friction． 冶金学家最近发明了一种用于导d和超音速飞机的金属外壳，这种外壳在大气摩擦引起的高温下仍然能保持其强度。(one作同位语，代替skin。) 4．If one can scale down all dimensions to，let us say，one tenth，the average lengths of the current-paths will be reduced to one tenth．And the speed of operation will be scaled up 10 times． 如果人们能把所有尺寸缩小，比如说，减小到原来的1／10，那么电流路径的平均长度也将减小到1／10， *** 作速度因而就会按比例提高10倍。(one泛指人。) 5．Underground water reserves are much larger than those on the surface，but as they are unseen we tend to understimate them． 地下水的储量要比地面水大得多，但是由于看不到，所以往往低估了地下水的储量。(those代替reserves。as引导原因状语从句。them代替reserves。) 6．Here we find that the term work has been given by science a somewhat more limited meaning than that to which we have been accustomed． 这里我们发现，科学赋予“功”这个词的含义比我们所习惯的“工作”这个词的含义多少要狭窄一些。(第一个that是连词，引导宾语从句。第二个that是代词，代替work。) 7．We know that air can be compressed， and it is reasonable to suppose that the air at the surface of the earth is compressed by the weight of all the air on top of it． 我们知道空气是可以压缩的，因而我们有理由假设：地球表面的空气受到该空气层上部所有空气重量的压缩。(第一个it是形式主语，代替不定式短语to suppose。句末的it是人称代词，代替“地球表面上的空气”。) 8．It follows from the principle of relativity that Newton’s second law of motion，although fundamental in classical mechanics，only has an approximate and by no means complete validity． 由相对论原理可知，牛顿运动第二定律尽管是古典力学中的基本原理，但只是近似的，而决不是完全正确的。(It follows from．．．that，“由……可以得出……”。It是形式主语，代替that引出的主语从句。) 9．It was supposed that bodies fall to the ground with a speed which is proportional to their weight。This means that if bodies of 100 pounds and 1 pound are pushed over a cliff，the former falls 100 times as fast as the latter． 曾经有人设想，物体落地的速度与其重量成正比，这就意味着，如果把重100磅的物体和重l磅的物体从悬崖上推下去，前者下落速度是后者的100倍。(the former指bodies of 100 pounds，the latter指bodies of 1 pound。) 10 ．Even though the same computer might have performed the same operation millions of times in succession， it must still be told exactly how to do that operation every time it repeats it． 即使同一台计算机很可能已经连续完成同样的运算达数百万次之多，但每当它重复这一运算时都得准确地告诉它如何去完成这一运算。(句中有三个it,第一和第二个it都代替计算机，第三个it代替operation。might have performed是虚拟语气，表示对过去发生事情的猜测。every time是连词，引导时间状语从句。that在句中不是连词，是指示代词，作operation的定语。)

it可以用作人称代词，它还可以指时间、天气、距离、上下文等，另外，it还可以作先行词，作形式主语和形式宾语。 2 用法指南 (1)作为人称代词，it可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。 Where's my book Have you seen it 我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？ The dog is in the garden, isn't it 狗在花园里，是吧？ The baby cried because it is hungry 婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了。 (Someone is ringing)Who's it It's me (有人在按门铃。)谁呀？是我。 (2)it 可以指上下文内容 The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008 It makes the Chinese proud 2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。 (3)it表示时间、天气、距离等。 What time is it now It's half past nine 现在几点了？九点半 It is cold天气冷。 It's about ten kilometers from the park to the museum 公园到博物馆大约是十公里。 (4)it用作形式主语或形式宾语 It's very important for us to learn English well(实际主语是to learn English well) 对我们来说，学好英语很重要。 I found it hard to fly a kite (实际主语是to fly a kite) 我发现放风筝很难。

原意在英语中指代物的第三人称单数。itKK:[]DJ:[]pron1（指已提及或心目中的人或事物）这，那，它。2（指无生命物、动植物、性别不详的幼孩等）它。3（作无人称动词的主语，表示时间、气候、距离等）。4（置于句首或句中，引导后面的短语或从句）。5（作为形式上的主语或宾语，用于表示强调的句型中）。6（用于某些动词、介词后面，词义含糊，构成习惯语）。n[U]1（捉迷藏等游戏的）捉人者，猜的人。2口（仅用于ginandit）意大利苦艾酒。3口关键，重要时刻。4口性感；性交。5笨蛋同义词thingn事件，形势；东西，事物；家伙；事业复数形式things 1、人称代词IT

IT一般指物不指人，但可指小孩、婴儿和团体等。IT用于成人，有轻蔑的含义。

For example: Would you like to marry Malcom Fancy being owned by that! Fancy seeing it every day!

2、指示代词IT

作为指示代词时，IT可以指人。

For example: Who is it？（是谁呀？）

3、非人称代词IT

(1)指时间

For example: I glanced at my watch It was earlier than I thought

(2)指距离

For example:

How far is it from your office to the bank

It was a long journey to that part of the country

(3)指天气等自然现象

For example:

Now it is clearing up, and a sparrow is beginning to chirp

It’s damp and cold I thingk it’s going to rain

4、IT用于前指或后指

(1)前指

For example:

---They lost the game

---Yes, so I hear Isn’t it a shame

(2) 后指

For example:

It’s seems so full of comfort and of strength, the night

Though no one knew it, it was the last time he would be present at the bank

注：代词it指代if或when等引导的状语从句时，既可前指，也可后指。

5、非确指的IT

有时，it所指代的是什么，要看上下文来确定。这种IT即所谓的非确指的it（Unspecified it）。

For example:

1How’s it going with you (你近况如何)

2Does it itch much (很痒痒吗)

3Where does it hurt (哪儿痛)

4Now you are in for it (你现在可倒霉了!)

5It says in the Bible: Thou shalt not steal (圣经上说:不许偷窃。)

6Hand it all, we can’t wait all day for him (见鬼!我们不能整天等他呀)

7We had a nice time of it (我们玩得很好。)

8There is nothing else for it but to stand (没有办法，只好忍受。)

9You never had it so good (日子过得从来没有这样好。)

10Take it easy (不要紧张。)

6、IT在习惯用语中

一些含有IT的习惯用语需要牢记，以下是一般对方都熟知的，无须要明确指出来。

For example:

1Cab it (乘车)

2brave it out (拼命干到底)

3walk it (步行)

4go it alone (单q匹马地干)

5beat it (走，滚)

6make it (办成功)

7come it (尽自己之分内事情)

8come it strong (做得过分)

9lord it over (欺压)

10take it (猜想，以为，断定；[口][常与 can, be able to 连用]忍受得住(痛苦、批评、困难, 嘲笑等))

11take it out of somebody (拿某人出气)

12have it out with somebody (与某人讲个明白)

13be hard put to it (在艰难之中)

14Is that it (你就要我做这些吗？= Is that all you wanted me for )

15You’re it (你是下一个)

7、引词IT

（1）IT用做引词

A形式主语

a真实主语为不定式

For example:

It was his duty to attend to the matter (处理那事是他的责任)

It was not within my power to answer the question (我无能力回答这个问题)

b真实主语为不定式复合结构

For example:

It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living (懒汉谋生是日益困难了)

What time would it be most convenient for me to call again (何时我再给你打电话最合适)

It’s very good of you to have listened to me (感谢你,能听我讲)

It’s very thoughtful and kind of you to offer me this lovely holiday (您能给我这么美好的假日实在是想得太周到和太友善了)

c真实主语为动名词

For example:

It’s no use saying any more about what I think (我如何想的再说也没有用了)

Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with me (你认为与我吵架值得吗)

d真实主语为动名词复合结构

For example:

It has been a great honor your coming to visit me (你的来访是我很大的荣幸)

It would have been so bad her overhearing (她如果偷听到那就糟糕了)

I’m afraid it vexes her my having brought Roly(我恐怕我带罗力来使她生气了)

e真实主语为主语从句

For example:

It seems that he is rich (看起来他很富有)

It doesn’t matter what you do（你干什么都没有关系）

It was clear enough what she meant（她的意思十分清楚）

He was an old man, and it did not matter much where he lived（他年事已高，在哪儿居住都无所谓）

It’ a pity he doesn’t swim (他不会游泳，真遗憾)

B形式宾语

a真实宾语为不定时

For example:

I find it easy enough to get on with Pam (我觉得与帕姆相处很容易)

I would think it worth while to go（我认为去是值得的）

He thought it best to be on his guard (他认为他最好还是要警惕)

He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session (他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发言一次)

He felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr Otis (他觉得把事实告诉奥蒂斯先生是他的职责)

b真实主语为动名词

For example:

You must find it exciting working here (你一定会发现在此工作是很令人兴奋的)

I think it very unwise going on as we are without definite agreement（我认为我们没有明确的协议就进行是不明智的）

He find it a great privation not being allowed to smoke there (他觉得在那里不能吸烟对他是一大痛苦)

注：以上例句皆可不用形式宾语，可改写为：

You must find working here exciting

I think going on as we are without definite agreement very unwise

He found not being allowed to smoke there a great privation

c真实宾语为宾语从句

For example:

I think it best that you should stay here (我认为你最好留在这里)

I used to feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have to toil so endlessly （我曾老觉得母亲不得不无休止地 *** 劳是一件可怕的事情）

I take it you have been out (我想你出去过了)

I took it for granted that you would stay with us (我认为你当然会留在我们这里的)

I have it on my conscience that I offended you (我心里老嘀咕着我得罪了你)

They kept it quiet that he was dead (对于他的死他们没有透露一丝口风。)

（2）引词IT用于强调结构中

①英语中常用的强调结构是：“It is （was）+被强调的部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ who（that）…”。一般说来，被强调部分指人时用who，指物时用that（但that亦可指人）。注意：强调结构在强调状语时，只可用that从句，不可用which。

For example: John wore his best suit to the dance last night（约翰昨晚他穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会）

It was John who (that) wore his best suit to the dance last night

It was his best suit (that) John wore to the dance last night

It was last night (that) John wore his best suit to the dance

It was to the dance that John wore his best suit last night

②强调结构也可强调短语和从句(包括because，only when，who，whom，whose，that，which等引导的从句)。

For example:

I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here（我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的）

It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday (我昨天是由于想买一本字典而进城的。)

It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value them（只有你差一点失去某一个人时，你才会充分意识到你是多么珍视他们。）

It must be your mother who (whom, that) you are thinking of（你在想的一定是你的母亲。）

It was your brother to whom I offered a dollar for his knife yesterday（我昨天给了你兄弟1元钱买他的小刀。）

It is Uncle Bill whose address I lost（比尔叔叔的地址我丢了。）

It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice（应该注意, 特别是行为动词常用在主动语态中。）

③表语与宾语补语偶尔也可为被强调的部分。但通常情况下，表语一般不可用作被强调的部分。

For example:

It was a doctor that he eventually became（他最后成了一个医生）

It’s dark green that we’ve painted the kitchen（我们把厨房漆成了深绿色）

④强调结构的时态一般应该一致。但也有例外的例子。

For example:

It is not I who am angry（发怒的不是我。）

I was my two sisters who knew her best（是我的两个姐妹最了解他。）

I will not be you who will have to take the blame for this（对此受责难的将不是你。）

For exceptional example:

It is Miss Williams who enjoyed reading novels as a pastime (是威廉姆斯**以读小说来消遣。)

It is these very novels that Miss Williams enjoyed reading as a pastime（威廉姆斯**作为消遣所读的小说就是这些。）

⑤强调结构不但可以用于独立句中，也可以用在从句之中。

For example:

It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice（应该注意, 特别是行为动词常用在主动语态中。）

I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here（我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的）

He told me that it was liberation that brought about a complete change in his life （他告诉我是解放才使他的生活有了翻天覆地的变化。）

⑥强调结构中的that 与who在非正式文体中可以省略。有时还可以省去句首的It is （was）。

For example:

I suspected it was on her orders you were bringing him here（我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的）

A good, honest trade you are learning, Sir Peter! （彼得爵士，你学得是一种很好而诚实的一行啊！）

⑦强调结构中的被强调部分有时可放在句首。

For example:

Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him（就在这时，他的生命完结了，他所逃脱不了的命运降临了。）

⑧It is（was）之后可有一个以上的被强调部分。

For example:

It was she who was lying in the corridor and the stranger who bent over her “Did I faint” she asked（是她躺在过道上，是那个陌生人在俯视她。“我晕倒了吗？”她问道。）

it的用法

用作人称代词：

1、指代事物：

— What’s this

— It’s a cat

2、指代人：常用于不知对方性别时，比如：询问敲门人或打电话时询问对方是

谁，或者用来指代婴儿。

(1)—Who’s it

—It’s Sam

(2)—Who’s the baby in the picture

—It’s my younger brother

二、用作非人称代词：指代天气、时间、季节或距离等，此时的it无意义。

(1)It’s two o’clock now

(2)It’s very cold in spring in the northern China

(3)It’s about 100 kilometers from our town to the big city

三、用作替代词：it可作形式主语、形式宾语，可代替不定式、动名词或从句。

(1)It is not known where she has gone

(2)It’s bad for your eyes reading in bed

(3)It is clever of him to work out the math problem

四、用于强调句，构成“It+be +被强调部分that…”结构。

如：It’s in the small shop that I bought the important book

五、在初中英语教材中，出现了许多由it引导的固定句式，现归纳如下：

(一)It's time for sb to do sth / It's time for sth意为"是(某人)该干……的时间了"、"

到……的时候了"。

例如： 1 It's time for supper ／to have supper该吃晚饭了。

2 It's time for me to study我该学习了。

(二)It takes (sb) some time to do sth意为"(某人)花……时间做某事"。

例如：

1 It takes twenty minutes to go to school by bike

骑自行车上学要花二十分钟的时间。

2 It took me a week to finish reading the book

我花了一周时间读完这本书。

(三)It is one's turn to do sth意为"轮到某人做某事了"。

例如：It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow 明天轮到你值日了。

(四)It is ／ has been ＋时间段＋since ＋一般过去时，意为"自从……以来已过

了……(时间)。"

例如：1 It is / has been four days since I caught a cold 我感冒已四天了。

1/3页

2 It is / has been two weeks since we met last 自从我们上次见面以来已过了两周。

(五)It seems ／seemed ＋that从句，意为"看起来好像……"。

例如：It seemed that our team was going to win 我们队看起来好像要赢了。

(六)It's＋表语＋to do sth。

例如：It's a good idea to go out for a walk 出去散步是个好主意。

(七)It's ＋adj＋that从句。

例如：It's true that I may fall behind the other students我真可能落在别的学生后面。

(八)It's＋adj＋of(for)sb＋to do sth。

对于这个句型究竟用of还是用for，主要取决于前面的形容词。

如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质等的，如 kind，good，nice，clever等用of；

如果形容词仅仅是描述行为的则用for，这类形容词常见的有difficult，easy，hard， important，dangerous等。

例如：1 It is nice of you to come to see me你能来看我真好。

“It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年考试的热点，因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。现将it用法归纳如下：

一、It用作实词

表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。

二、It用作形式主语

替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式主语的常见句型：1 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为（1）It be adj (for sb) to do sth

（2）It be adj of sb to do sth

（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型：

It’s no good/use doing…

It’s (well)worth doing…

It’s (well)worth one’s while doing/to do It’s (well)worth while doing/ to do

2 It替代作主语的从句常见句型

（1）It is + noun +从句

（2）It is adj +clause

It’s surprising that… (should)………竟然……

It’s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…

（3）It verb sb + clause= It is v-ing + clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb that…

（4）It verb (to sb) that…= sb/sth verb to do

(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

（5）It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do

(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）

四、It 作形式宾语

用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式宾语的常见句型：

1 verb+ it+ adj/noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

五、强调句型

It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。

在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：

1 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句

2 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句。

3 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。

4 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。

六、It 常用的固定搭配

1 make it

(1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 。

更详细的请看：）~~

>

IT是信息技术的简称，Information Technology,指与信息相关的技术。不同的人和不同的书上对此有不同解释。但一个基本上大家都同意的观点是，IT有以下三部分组成：

-----传感技术 这是人的感觉器官的延伸与拓展，最明显的例子是条码阅读器；

-----通信技术 这是人的神经系统的延伸与拓展，承担传递信息的功能；

-----计算机技术 这是人的大脑功能延伸与拓展，承担对信息进行处理的功能。

IT的英文是Information

Technology，即信息科技和产业的意思。它主要是应用计算机科学和通信技术来设计、开发、安装和实施信息系统及应用软件。它也常被称为信息和通信技术（Information

and

Communications

Technology，ICT）。主要包括传感技术、计算机与智能技术、通信技术和控制技术。IT业划分为IT生产业和IT使用业。IT生产业包括计算机硬件业、通信设备业、软件、计算机及通信服务业。至于IT用业几乎涉及所有的行业，其中服务业使用IT的比例更大。由此可见，IT行业不仅仅指通信业，还包括硬件和软件业，不仅仅包括制造业，还包括相关的服务业，因此通信制造业只是IT业的组成部分，而不是IT业的全部。

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