IT运维究竟得有什么样的能力？

如今中小型企业信息化推进速度在加快

各种应用和业务系统在不断地增加中，所以对整个IT运维系统的安全性、稳定性以及出现状况时如何应对都比较重视，尤其是在预防和处理重大IT风险方面更加重视，主要体现在以下几方面:

一、IT机房安全风险

1、机房在无人值守的时候一定要锁上；

2、未经IT部门允许，无关人员不得随意进入机房；

3、机房内要严格采取防雷、防火、防尘、防静电等措施。

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二、电源安全风险

1、必须启用UPS备用电源；

2、定期检查机房内供电系统和线路；

3、当机房发生突然停电，首先和相关部门确认停电原因，并确认UPS电池可用时间，并根据何时来电信息来决定是否要关闭相关IT设施。

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三、消防安全风险

1、EHS部门要定期检查机房内消防设施，确保消防设施能够正常使用；

2、工作时间发生火灾时，应及时撤离机房周围人员并通知EHS部门，在保证自身安全并得到EHS部门许可的情况下，员工应关闭电源并使用合适的灭火器灭火，如果火势无法得到有效控制，应立即拨打119；

3、非工作时间发生火灾，值班人员应及时拨打119并上报相关人员，做好火灾处置工作；

4、火灾结束后，IT相关人员应立即到现场检查相关设备，及时评估事故损失情况，并给出相应的系统恢复解决方案。

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四、数据安全风险

1、定期备份重要数据；

2、定期进行数据恢复验证

3、备份数据异地存放

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以上就是IT运维风险处理计划，每个公司可能有所不同，但都是大同小异，预防和处理重大IT风险，IT运维人员在平时就要做足功课，以免临阵手忙脚乱。

工伤是工作伤害的简称，亦称职业伤害（occupational injuries），是指生产劳动过程中，由于外部因素直接作用而引起机体组织的突发性意外损伤，如因职业性事故导致的伤亡及其急性化学物中毒。

1921年国际劳工大会通过的公约中对“工伤”的定义是：由于工作直接或间接引起的事故为工伤。

1964年第48届国际劳工大会也规定了工伤补偿应将职业病和上下班交通事故包括在内。因此，当前国际上比较规范的“工伤”定义包括两个方面的内容，即由工作引起并在工作过程中发生的事故伤害和职业病伤害。职业病，是指企业、事业单位和个体经济组织的劳动者在职业活动中，因接触粉尘、放射性物质和其他有毒、有害物质等因素而引起的疾病。

2认定范围编辑

企业职工工伤保险试行办法

我国原劳动部1996年发布的《企业职工工伤保险试行办法》对工伤的范围作了明确规定。职工由于下列情形之一引起负伤、致残、死亡的，应当认定为工伤，其范围为：

1从事本单位日常生产、工作或本单位负责人临时指定的工作的，在紧急情况下，虽未经本单位负责人指定但从事直接关系到本单位重大利益的。

2经本单位负责人安排或者同意，从事于本单位有关的科学实验、发明创造和技术改进工作的。

3在生产工作环境中接触职业性有害因素造成职业病的。

4在生产工作时间和区域内，由于不安全因素造成意外伤害的，或者由于工作紧张突发疾病造成死亡或经第一次抢救治疗后全部丧失劳动力的。

5因履行职责遭致人身伤害的。

6从事抢救、救灾、救人等维护国家、社会和公众利益的活动的。

7因公、因战致残军人复原专业到企业工作后旧伤复发的。

8因公外出期间，由于工作原因，遭受交通事故或其他意外事故造成伤害或者失踪的，或因突发性疾病造成死亡或者经第一次抢救治疗后全部丧失劳动力的。

9在合理时间内其他合理路线的上下班途中发生意外属工伤。(一)在合理时间内往返于工作地与住所地、经常居住地、单位宿舍的合理路线的上下班途中；(二)在合理时间内往返于工作地与配偶、父母、子女居住地的合理路线的上下班途中；(三)从事属于日常工作生活所需要的活动，且在合理时间和合理路线的上下班途中；(四)在合理时间内其他合理路线的上下班途中。[1] （上下班途中受伤指的应当是在合理时间、路线上发生的，且非本人主要责任的交通事故。）

11法律、法规规定的其他情形。

工伤保险条例

关于工伤分类的相关规定

第十四条　职工有下列情形之一的，应当认定为工伤：

（一）在工作时间和工作场所内，因工作原因受到事故伤害的；

（二）工作时间前后在工作场所内，从事与工作有关的预备性或者收尾性工作受到事故伤害的；

（三）在工作时间和工作场所内，因履行工作职责受到暴力等意外伤害的；

（四）患职业病的；

（五）因工外出期间，由于工作原因受到伤害或者发生事故下落不明的；

（六）在上下班途中，受到非本人主要责任的交通事故或者城市轨道交通、客运轮渡、火车事故伤害的；

（七）法律、行政法规规定应当认定为工伤的其他情形。

第十五条　职工有下列情形之一的，视同工伤：

（一）在工作时间和工作岗位，突发疾病死亡或者在48小时之内经抢救无效死亡的；

（二）在抢险救灾等维护国家利益、公共利益活动中受到伤害的；

（三）职工原在军队服役，因战、因公负伤致残，已取得革命伤残军人证，到用人单位后旧伤复发的。

职工有前款第（一）项、第（二）项情形的，按照本条例的有关规定享受工伤保险待遇；职工有前款第（三）项情形的，按照本条例的有关规定享受除一次性伤残补助金以外的工伤保险待遇。

第十六条　职工符合本条例第十四条、第十五条的规定，但是有下列情形之一的，不得认定为工伤或者视同工伤：

（一）故意犯罪的；

（二）醉酒或者吸毒的；

（三）自残或者自杀的。[2]

IT运维所涉及的知识面，还是比较广的，而且这个是一个提供技术支持的职位，俗称救火队员，平时看似比较清闲，实则为了避免出现各种险情，还是在紧锣密鼓的学习和研究更合理的架构，但是一旦遇到问题，都是特别棘手，而且影响面极为广泛的问题或者事故。从公司角度来说，可分为对内服务和对外服务。

对内服务就是常说的网管，网管职位属于万金油，首先知识面得广，不同公司会对网管有不同的要求，但是主要的还是保证办公网的网络正常，为了支撑这个网络正常，除了要有网络知识（调试网络设备，堆叠技术，防火墙技术，流控工具，动手搞定水晶头，懂得光线原理，能够规划局域网，DMZ概念等等），还要有一定的服务器管理知识（DHCP、DNS、时间服务器，WEB服务器，FTP服务器等等），甚至可能还需要懂一些监控工具，以保证局域网在发生问题的时候，可以第一时间知道，并收集数据有助于排查问题，而且随着人员数量的扩充或者异地建立办公区，多地办公区之间的通信和安全也是网管的一个职责，这些也只是网管的日常工作而已。

上面说到了这个职位就像救火员，当有了问题之后需要第一时间冲上去，并快速解决问题，这样能体现出网管的重要性。但是会很累，因为事故是突发性的，这样很耗费人力物力财力，与其这样被动等待等待挨打，不如主动出击找出隐患并提前处理，这个就是网管的另一个职责，要么在专修之前考虑好扩容或者网络容灾的问题，要么就是在日常巡检中，发现可能导致异常的隐患，提前提出做好预案以及解决方案，才能因对万一。这就需要网管有多年的经验，而且不仅要懂得网络和服务器相关知识，还应该了解强弱电，通风冷却，这两方面能力主要是在装修的时候，体现出来的。让无论是大机房还是小机房都可以帮正其运转正常。

以上只是运维的一个对公司内部提供支撑的职责，其实还有很多内容，在这里先不一一阐述。如果感兴趣的朋友咱们可以在进行深入的沟通。

1 写一篇关于交通事故的英语作文

①一天晚上，Lee先生开车带着他的妻子下班回家。他的妻子是一家医院的护士。快到午夜了，她十分困乏，很快就睡着了。Lee先生看看她，笑了。

②Lee先生驾车很有经验，也很谨慎。开车走了一会儿，他注意到有一辆车在他后边，车开得很快，超过他的车。

③驾驶那辆车的人很慌张，没有看见迎头开过来的卡车。为了避免撞车，他突然让自己的车转弯，车滑向路的一侧撞到一棵大树上。司机和乘客都受伤了。

④Lee先生急忙把车停在路旁，他的妻子也从车里出来帮助受伤的人。卡车司机也停下来帮忙。Lee先生驱车去给警察打电话。

⑤大约20分钟后，一辆警察车和一辆救护车到了。人们把伤员抬到救护车上送往医院。

⑥警察记录事故的详细情况，Lee先生和卡车司机把他们知道的情况都告诉了警察。警察感谢他们的帮助。Lee先生和妻子乘上自己的车继续赶路回家。

作文示范

A Traffic Accident

One night Mr Lee was driving his wife home from work She was a nurse in a hospital It was almost midnight and she was quite tired out She soon fell asleep Mr Lee looked at her and iled

Mr Lee was a careful and experienced driver He knew it was safer to drive slowly on a dark night After some time he noticed a car following him It was travelling very fast Suddenly it overtook① his car

The driver of the car was in a hurry He did not see the approaching lorry To avoid hitting it, he suddenly tuned his car It skidded② off the road and hit a big tree The driver and his passenger were injured③ They were badly cut by glass from the broken windscreen④Mr Lee quickly stopped his car by the side of the road His wife got out of the car to help the injured The lorry driver also stopped to help Mr Lee drove off to telephone the police About enty-five minutes later, a police car and an ambulance⑤ arrived The injured were carried into the ambulance and taken to hospital

The policemen took down details of the accident Mr Lee and the lorry driver told them all they could remember The policemen thanked them for their help Mr and Mrs Lee got into their car and continued their journey home

词语解释

① overtake [ uv 'teik] v 追上；赶上；超过

②skid[skid] v （汽车等）打滑；滑向一侧

③injure['indN ] v 损害；伤害 the injured（事故中的）受伤者

④ windscreen['windskri:n] n （汽车等的）挡风玻璃

⑤ ambulance['$mbjul ns] n 救护车

2 写一篇关于交通事故的英语作文

①一天晚上，Lee先生开车带着他的妻子下班回家。

他的妻子是一家医院的护士。快到午夜了，她十分困乏，很快就睡着了。

Lee先生看看她，笑了。 ②Lee先生驾车很有经验，也很谨慎。

开车走了一会儿，他注意到有一辆车在他后边，车开得很快，超过他的车。 ③驾驶那辆车的人很慌张，没有看见迎头开过来的卡车。

为了避免撞车，他突然让自己的车转弯，车滑向路的一侧撞到一棵大树上。司机和乘客都受伤了。

④Lee先生急忙把车停在路旁，他的妻子也从车里出来帮助受伤的人。卡车司机也停下来帮忙。

Lee先生驱车去给警察打电话。 ⑤大约20分钟后，一辆警察车和一辆救护车到了。

人们把伤员抬到救护车上送往医院。 ⑥警察记录事故的详细情况，Lee先生和卡车司机把他们知道的情况都告诉了警察。

警察感谢他们的帮助。Lee先生和妻子乘上自己的车继续赶路回家。

作文示范 A Traffic Accident One night Mr Lee was driving his wife home from work She was a nurse in a hospital It was almost midnight and she was quite tired out She soon fell asleep Mr Lee looked at her and iled Mr Lee was a careful and experienced driver He knew it was safer to drive slowly on a dark night After some time he noticed a car following him It was travelling very fast Suddenly it overtook① his car The driver of the car was in a hurry He did not see the approaching lorry To avoid hitting it, he suddenly tuned his car It skidded② off the road and hit a big tree The driver and his passenger were injured③ They were badly cut by glass from the broken windscreen④Mr Lee quickly stopped his car by the side of the road His wife got out of the car to help the injured The lorry driver also stopped to help Mr Lee drove off to telephone the police About enty-five minutes later, a police car and an ambulance⑤ arrived The injured were carried into the ambulance and taken to hospital The policemen took down details of the accident Mr Lee and the lorry driver told them all they could remember The policemen thanked them for their help Mr and Mrs Lee got into their car and continued their journey home 词语解释 ① overtake [ uv 'teik] v 追上；赶上；超过 ②skid[skid] v （汽车等）打滑；滑向一侧 ③injure['indN ] v 损害；伤害 the injured（事故中的）受伤者 ④ windscreen['windskri:n] n （汽车等的）挡风玻璃 ⑤ ambulance['$mbjul ns] n 救护车。

3 写一篇交通事故的英语短文

一场交通事故 内容提示 根据下面的素材写一篇短文，记叙一场交通事故的前前后后： ①一天晚上，Lee先生开车带着他的妻子下班回家。

他的妻子是一家医院的护士。快到午夜了，她十分困乏，很快就睡着了。

Lee先生看看她，笑了。 ②Lee先生驾车很有经验，也很谨慎。

开车走了一会儿，他注意到有一辆车在他后边，车开得很快，超过他的车。 ③驾驶那辆车的人很慌张，没有看见迎头开过来的卡车。

为了避免撞车，他突然让自己的车转弯，车滑向路的一侧撞到一棵大树上。司机和乘客都受伤了。

④Lee先生急忙把车停在路旁，他的妻子也从车里出来帮助受伤的人。卡车司机也停下来帮忙。

Lee先生驱车去给警察打电话。 ⑤大约20分钟后，一辆警察车和一辆救护车到了。

人们把伤员抬到救护车上送往医院。 ⑥警察记录事故的详细情况，Lee先生和卡车司机把他们知道的情况都告诉了警察。

警察感谢他们的帮助。Lee先生和妻子乘上自己的车继续赶路回家。

作文示范 A Traffic Accident One night Mr Lee was driving his wife home from work She was a nurse in a hospital It was almost midnight and she was quite tired out She soon fell asleep Mr Lee looked at her and iled Mr Lee was a careful and experienced driver He knew it was safer to drive slowly on a dark night After some time he noticed a car following him It was travelling very fast Suddenly it overtook① his car The driver of the car was in a hurry He did not see the approaching lorry To avoid hitting it, he suddenly tuned his car It skidded② off the road and hit a big tree The driver and his passenger were injured③ They were badly cut by glass from the broken windscreen④Mr Lee quickly stopped his car by the side of the road His wife got out of the car to help the injured The lorry driver also stopped to help Mr Lee drove off to telephone the police About enty-five minutes later, a police car and an ambulance⑤ arrived The injured were carried into the ambulance and taken to hospital The policemen took down details of the accident Mr Lee and the lorry driver told them all they could remember The policemen thanked them for their help Mr and Mrs Lee got into their car and continued their journey home词语解释 ① overtake [+uv+'teik] v 追上；赶上；超过 ②skid[skid] v （汽车等）打滑；滑向一侧 ③injure['indN+] v 损害；伤害 the injured（事故中的）受伤者 ④ windscreen['windskri:n] n （汽车等的）挡风玻璃 ⑤ ambulance['$mbjul+ns] n 救护车 写法指要 这篇文章按时间顺序平铺直叙地写出了事故发生的前前后后，表达了故事中的人们不顾疲倦抢救伤员的互助友爱精神。 文章除了开头交待的时间外，后面只用了“After some time”和About enty-five minutes later”两处表达时间顺序的词语，其他地方则是由动作发生的先后来表达时间顺序的，但读后让人感到文章将事件的前因后果表达得清清楚楚，没有一点含糊。

注意学习其中表达紧张场面的副词，如 suddenly, quickly等。

4 以交通事故为话题的英语作文

1:A Traffic AccidentOne night Mr Lee was driving his wife home from work She was a nurse in a hospital It was almost midnight and she was quite tired out She soon fell asleep Mr Lee looked at her and iledMr Lee was a careful and experienced driver He knew it was safer to drive slowly on a dark night After some time he noticed a car following him It was travelling very fast Suddenly it overtook his carThe driver of the car was in a hurry He did not see the approaching lorry To avoid hitting it, he suddenly tuned his car It skidded off the road and hit a big tree The driver and his passenger were injuredThey were badly cut by glass from the broken windscreenMr Lee quickly stopped his car by the side of the road His wife got out of the car to help the injured The lorry driver also stopped to help Mr Lee drove off to telephone the police About enty-five minutes later, a police car and an ambulance arrived The injured were carried into the ambulance and taken to hospitalThe policemen took down details of the accident Mr Lee and the lorry driver told them all they could remember The policemen thanked them for their help Mr and Mrs Lee got into their car and continued their journey home原文：交通肇事 一天晚上，李先生驾驶他的妻子下班回家。

她是在一家医院当护士。这是快到午夜了，她很疲惫。

她很快就睡着了。李先生看着她，笑了。

李先生是个细心，经验丰富的司机。他知道这是安全驾驶在漆黑的夜里缓慢。

一段时间后，他发现一辆车跟着他。它行驶速度非常快。

突然间就超越了他的车。 这辆汽车的司机在赶时间。

他没有看到即将到来的货车。为了避免撞上，他突然调他的车。

它滑出路面，撞上一棵大树。他的司机和乘客被injuredThey被严重削减了从破碎的玻璃windscreenMr李急忙制止了他在路边的汽车。

他的妻子下了车，帮助受伤。货车司机也停下来帮忙。

李先生驾车离开打电话报警。大约二十分钟后，一辆警车和一辆救护车赶到。

伤者被抬进救护车送往医院。 警察记下了事故的细节。

李先生和货车司机告诉他们，他们能永远记得。警察感谢他们的帮助。

先生和夫人李钻进汽车，并继续他们的旅程回家。2:Just a few days ago,I was going online at home when I saw a great nummber of nwes about the car accident I got very shockedIt is one of the most terrible things in the world not only for the victims itself but also for the others In theose car accidents said above most partly lead by drunk driving ,the drivers had drunk a lot before they started to drive ,so awful and terrible for they doing that dangerous behaivor for the sake of safety of youself and for the happiness of your family never do drunk driving in your life!。

5 英语作文近年来,交通事故及其造成的死亡人数有所增加请根据以

A Traffic AccidentOne night Mr Lee was driving his wife home from workShe was a nurse in a hospitalIt was almost midnight and she was quite tired outShe soon fell asleepMr Lee looked at her and iledMr Lee was a careful and experienced driverHe knew it was safer to drive slowly on a dark nightAfter some time he noticed a car following himIt was travelling very fastSuddenly it overtook his carThe driver of the car was in a hurryHe did not see the approaching lorryTo avoid hitting it,he suddenly tuned his carIt skidded off the road and hit a big treeThe driver and his passenger were injuredThey were badly cut by glass from the broken windscreenMr Lee quickly stopped his car by the side of the roadHis wife got out of the car to help the injuredThe lorry driver also stopped to helpMr Lee drove off to telephone the police About enty-five minutes later,a police car and an ambulance arrivedThe injured were carried into the ambulance and taken to hospitalThe policemen took down details of the accidentMr Lee and the lorry driver told them all they could rememberThe policemen thanked them for their helpMr and Mrs Lee got into their car and continued their journey home。

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