关于网站建设的外文文献

楼上的是机器翻译的，只是分了一下段

IMPACT ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS

关于物联网的冲击

The Internet of Things describes a world where humans are surrounded by machines that communicate with each other and can allow people to interact with the digital world

物联网描述了一个人类被很多机器所包围的世界，通过这些机器，人能够彼此交流或者人与数字世界进行交流

To succeed in this vision, it is not only the people who need an understanding of this multi-device environment, but also the network needs a representation of “who” the user is

为了能够完成这个目标，人们不仅需要理解“多设备环境”，而且还需要明白对于网络来说谁是终端用户

SWIFT provides a solution to this problem by considering the virtual identity as the endpoint of communication,independent of the device

通过把虚拟标识当作独立的设备和通信终端，SWIFT提供了一个解决方案

The direct impact of this concept is that, in a world where humans are

surrounded by machines, it is the user’s virtual identity and digital shadow that is understood as consistent endpoint information;

这个方案最直接的影响就是，在世上人被机器所环绕，用户的虚拟标识和数码影像被理解成一个不变的终端信息

allowing users to interact with several devices, seamlessly, under one name

并允许用户在同一个用户名之下无缝地与各种设备互动，

Users project their virtual identity onto devices in the Internet of Things by an authentication process, a temporary feeble association or a long term relation

在物联网上，通过一个认证进程，用户把虚拟标识投射成临时的或者是长期的设备

The authentication process will allow a user to employ the services any device, public or not, as if it were its own

认证进程可以允许用户使用任意设备提供的服务，不管该设备是公有的还是私有的，不管它是不是自己的。

A temporary volatile type of association is also required for usability purposes

一个临时性的 *** 作也要求有可用性的目的

It is often not possible to perform a strong authentication because of the nature of the device or the context in which it is being used

而且要经常使用一个很强的认证方式是不太可能的，因为使用了自然设备或者明文信息

This type of association, while not as secure and strong as the first, will still allow the user to perform some non-critical operations on that device

这种类型的结构，虽然没有另外一种安全和强健，但是仍然能允许用户在设备上使用不太严格的 *** 作

We also envision a long term kind of association

我们也可以预见长时期类型的结构

This type of relation should be used when the user is the owner of the device and the device is of everyday use

这种关系类型应该在用户是设备的拥有者，并且设备每天都需要使用时才使用

We can think of a watch or phone, which, while not requiring constant authentication, is recognized by other devices as part of the user’s digital shadow

我们可以把它看作成是一个手表或者是一个电话，因为这些设备不需要经常认证，而是被看作为用户的数码影像的设备的一部份

不是，类型是

Rock

《Let

it

Be》作为英国摇滚乐队The

Beatles的第12张也是最后一张录音室专辑，在1970年5月8日发行。该专辑在《滚石》杂志2003年发布的五百大专辑排行榜中排行第86位。《Let

It

Be》大部分在上一张专辑《Abbey

Road》发表前的1969年1月录制，但披头士对该专辑感到不满意，并因此搁置发表，直至1970年由Phil

Spector重新制作。

外文名称

Let

It

Be

专辑歌手

The

Beatles

专辑时长

35:16

曲目数量

12

发行时间

1970年5月8日

音乐风格

Rock

唱片公司

Apple

制作人

George

Martin（未署名），Phil

Spector

录制时间1

1968年2月，1969年1~2月

录制时间2

1970年1月、3~4月

录制地点

EMI、Apple，Twickenham摄影棚

On site construction technologyIntroductionThe development of network technology for today's global information exchange and sharing funding source in the establishment of contacts and provide more channels and possible Homes will be known world affairs, according few keyboard or a few mouse clicks can be distant friends thousands of miles away exchanges, and online communications, Internet browsing, on-line interactive, e-commerce has become a modern part of people's livesInternet era, has created the new people's work and lifestyle, the Internet, openness and sharing of information model, breaking the traditional mode of information dissemination many barriers for people with new opportunities With computers and the advent of the information age, the pace of the advance of human society in gradually accelerated In recent years the development of web design, fast people occupied With the development of web design, a colorful online website together one scenic beauty To design aesthetic and practical web site should be thoroughly master the building techniques In building site, we analyzed the websites of objectives, contents, functions, structure, the application of more web design technology2, the definition of websiteHow definition of websites 21Web site identified the tasks and objectives, the building site is the most important issue Why people will come to your website You have a unique service The first people to your website is to what They will come back All these issues must be taken into account when the site definition of the problem Definition site to, first of all, the entire site must have a clear understanding of what the design should understand in the end, the main purpose of the mission, how to carry out the task of organization and planning Second, to maintain the high-quality Web site Many websites in the face of strong competition from high-quality product is the greatest long-term competitive advantage An excellent Web site should have the following:(1) users visit Web site is faster(2) attention to the feedback and updates To update the content of the website and timely feedback the user's requirements;(3) Home design to be reasonable Home to the first impression left by visitors is important, the design must be attractive in order to have a good visual effect22 The contents of the website and functionThe content of the web site is to be a new, fast, all three sides The content of the website, including the type of static, dynamic, functional and things to deal with Website content is determined in accordance with the nature of the site, in the design of the site, commercial websites, popular science site, company websites, teaching and exchange websites, the content and style are different We have established websites with the nature of these types of sites are not the same23 The structure website(1) site structure;(2) definition of navigation;(3) Visual Design;(4) framework and design pages3, Site Design and ImplementationWith increasing demands on design, high style, high-grade design work before gaining popularity This also to the designers have put forward higher requirements, from this point of view, the plate design is to meet the requirements of the people should be and Health The rapid development of science and technology, the Internet into millions of households, also produced a new design space, and a new web design an important part of the field of design Excellent web design, we must have good creative, so that the audience can be difficult to shift attention long time, produce power Layout is very important, through text, graphics space portfolio, can best express harmony with the United States If you want to further understand website design, made separately from other web site's homepage, you need to have more like CSS, javascript, CGI, and other web design technology In building on the site of the CSS, javascript and other web design technologyCSS 31 Application Design website(1) What is CSS CSS is a style sheet (stylesheet) technology Some of them called CSS (Cascading Stylesheet)(2) the combination of CSS and HTML form Mode 1: The CSS content, as defined in the writing between the labels Mode 2: CSS will be preserved as a separate text file, and then from labels to call(3) CSS the web site of examples The web site pages, and increase the following definition so that the pages show with special effects32 Application Design website javascriptjavascript and the emergence of making information between users is not only a display and browse the relationship, but to achieve a real-time, dynamic, cross-expression Thus based on the CGI static HTML pages will be to provide dynamic real-time information, and customer response to the operation of the Web pages replaced javascript scripting is satisfy this demand arising from the language It's loved by extensive user Many scripting language it is in a relatively good >

　You've probably been sick before It's not funIn many cases, like the flu, you're sick because of a virus…tiny germs ready to multiply and spread from person-to-person, via handshakes or sneezes。

你肯定生过病吧，很不爽，对吗？生病通常是因为感染了病毒。握手、打喷嚏都能让病毒繁殖传播。

Computer viruses are no differentInstead of germs, they are computer programsThese programs are usually designed by criminals to multiply and spread from computer-to-computer like a diseaseIf one makes it to your computer, it can erase your files, send emails without your permission or even communicate sensitive info to criminals。

电脑病毒亦然。但不是微生物而是电脑程序。黑客设计的病毒程序会像疾病一样在电脑间传播一旦电脑感染了病毒，它会删除文件、私发邮件、甚至把私人信息泄露给犯罪分子。

Let's take a closer look, because what we call computer viruses can actually be Viruses, worms or trojanswe’ll start with virusesThese bugs hitch a ride when something, like a file, is shared between computers This often happens via attachments sent in email or shared USB drivesOnce someone clicks to open the file, the damage is doneThe virus is now on that computer, where it starts to multiply and look for chances to hitch a ride to a new computer。

电脑病毒可以细分为三种，普通病毒、蠕虫 、木马先来说说普通病毒。它通过电脑之间的文件共享来传播。通常会在附件或U盘中出现，一打开这种文件，电脑就会中毒。然后复制，等着感染下一台电脑。

Like a sick human, it’s sometimes hard to to tell when a file has a virusFor this reason, the best defense is anti-virus softwareIt prevents viruses from getting to your computer and removes them when they are found。

和人生病一样，有时候文件是否感染病毒也很难”确诊”。所以，最好的防护措施就是安装杀毒软件能防止电脑中毒，也能在发现病毒时及时清除。

Now, worms are a little scarierThey are programs that spread to computers without humans doing anythingCriminals create worms to spread via computers that are connected in a network They worm their way from computer-to-computer automaticallyWhether it's a small office or a global network like the Internet。

蠕虫则更可怕，即使我们什么也没 *** 作，它也能传播。只有电脑联网，蠕虫就会感染网上的病毒。不管是局域网，还是在整个互联网中。

Usually, the worms find a back doora way to trick the computer’s software into letting them inOnce they're in, they look for the same backdoor in similar computers,wreaking havoc along the way。

蠕虫擅长走”后门”。就是通过电脑软件的漏洞入侵。一旦被感染，蠕虫还会寻找其他电脑的”后门”，一路披荆斩棘地破坏下去。

The best defense is keeping your computer software up to date at work and homeThis helps close the doors and prevent problems。

最好的防护措施是，更新系统、修复漏洞，门关好了，蠕虫就爬不进来了。

Trojans, our last example, are sneaky bugsLike the real trojan horse, they’re a trickIf you fall for it, you end up downloading a virus from the InternetIt may appear to be a game or useful software, but hidden inside is a program that can cause problemsFor example, these programs can open new backdoors,giving criminals access to your computer and information over the Web。

木马则是最最阴险狡诈的病毒。像传说中的特洛伊木马，它也善用诡计，一个不小心就可能从网上下载木马。木马病毒会伪装成游戏或者常用软件，有些木马还会给电脑开新的”后门”，让犯罪分子轻易侵入你的电脑获取信息。

Not funTo avoid trojans, only download software from sites you trustJust like washing your hands and covering your cough,you have to be aware of what causes problems to avoid them。

可怕吧？要防木马，你必须只在信任的网站上下载软件，提高警惕，时刻注意网络安全，就像咳嗽要掩口，饭前便后要洗手一样。

Keep your computer up to date and get anti-virus softwareIt will help prevent problems and help you recoverAnd please…don't click on links, attachments and downloadable filesunless you know they're legit。

还要经常更新电脑软件，安装杀毒工具。一边防患于未然，一边“亡羊补牢”。另外，陌生的链接、附件、文件也不要碰。除非能确认它们的安全性。

Through a little awareness, you and your computer will stay happy and healthy。

Are you investing in the right industry

Does the term book-to-bill ratio sound familiar to you Do you know the demand and supply numbers of private condominiums in Singapore for the next year If you do, you must have already performed some sort of industry analysis on the electronics and property industries (or sectors as commonly referred to in stockmarket terms)

Most investment processes include some sort of industry analysis This is important because many studies have shown that over a period of time, some industries have per-formed better than others For example, between 1987 and 1996, banking stocks in Singapore have generated better returns than other industries such as shiprepair Industry analyses will uncover these performance differences and help identify both unprofitable and profitable opportunities

(situations)

It is also important to note that past performance alone will not help predict future performance The factors or conditions that helped an industry to prosper in the past will change over time Identifying and studying these factors will provide some clues to the entry and exit points of the investments Going back to our earlier example, economic growth is an important criterion for banks' earnings Between 1987 and 1996, Singapore enjoyed an uninterrrupted average GDP growth of 89% This allowed the banks' earnings to grow at a compound rate of 113% when the broader market generated only 85% growth With GDP growth decelerating because of the Asian crisis, can we maintain the same sanguine outlook for the banks

Having determined that industry analyses are important for successful investing, the next step is to find out how we can go about doing one There is no generic framework that is applicable to all industries, but there are commonalities which we can identify In a free market economy, demand and supply are key determinants of price, and price is always an important contributor to any profit-driven organisation Hence, a successful indstry ana-lysis will have to identify the underlying fac-tors driving demand and supply

Factors that drive demand vary across industries, and are too numerous to list However, it is important to note that demand can be categorised as "seasonal", "cyclical" or "secular" As the word suggests, seasonal fac-tors recur year after year Cyclical factors, on the other hand, follow

very closely to the economic cycles of the market Secular factors are more long term in nature Seasonality or economic cycles will have minimal impact on secular trends

Take an airline as an illustration Most Singaporeans take their vacation in December That is why airline seats are difficult to secure during that time This is the seasonal factor because it occurs every year around the same time Having said that, Singaporeans usually take vacations more frequently when the economy is doing well, and less so during reccessionary times The rise and fall in demand in accordance to economic activities is the cyclical factor Finally, the middle class population in Singapore has been rising over the last 20 years This group is generally more affluent Part of the lifestyle usually includes taking regular vacations to exotic destinations Such lifestyle doesn't change annually, nor does it follow the ups and downs of economic growth The demand for air travel will grow so long as the middle class population continues to

increase This is an example of secular demand

Classifying demand factors into these categories is very useful As long-term inves-tors, we do not want to be constantly reacting to signs that are short term and volatile in nature such as seasonal, and to a lesser extent, cyclical trends Buying and selling stocks based on these short-term trends are not only expensive (brokerage cost) but difficult to time as well Instead, we should focus on long-term trends They usually have a longer and more permanent impact on share prices

A key factor in identifying an attractive industry is pricing power The ability of an industry to price its product at a profitable level without compromising its business pros-pect is important, and this is affected by many factors Inelastic demand allows the tobacco producers to maintain good profits despite the rapidly rising tariffs all these years Barriers to entry is another factor Mobile-phone charges used to be very expensive because there was only Singapore Telecom providing the ser-vice (monopoly) With increased competition from M1, rates have been declining gradually All things being equal, the more competitive the industry is, the lower the pricing power, and hence profits Competition may be good for the consumers, but it seldom benefits the shareholders Another factor that will impact the com-petitive environment of an industry is the cost structure In general, indsutries with high fixed costs are more competitive than those that have high variable costs We often hear about coun-tries being accused of 'dumping steel' onto other countries Well, this is the case in point Steel mills are expensive to construct But once built, the investment costs are 'sunked' On the other hand, the running cost to produce steel is relatively low Since there are so many steel mills around the world (almost every country has one for strategic reasons), supply is in abundance As competition intensifies in the global market, recovering investment cost of the mills becomes a secondary objective for management What is more important is to keep the production ongoing and sell the steel at a price that can at least cover the variable cost component These mills will definitely be loss-making, but at least they can continue to operate and not generate serious unemploy-ment for the economy (steel industry is very labour-intensive) Having looked at the fundamental issues, do we always buy into an industry with positive trends developing The answer is 'no' Con-fused Here is why The key to any successful investments is to stay ahead of what the market is discounting Suppose we are bullish on the outlook of the residential property sector because owning a home is every Singaporean's dream and the island has limited land supply But this view is widely observable Further-more, most of the residential property stocks have already outperformed the market by huge margins These are signs that the market has probably discounted the positive conclusion of our analysis As such, the investment upside is probably limited Conversely, if our conclu-sion unearths new information from the gene-ral market, we may have discovered something interesting here To confirm that we have a good find, check out the valuation to see if it is attractive There are many valuation tools, but the commonly used ones are Price/Earnings (PE), Enterprise Value/EBITDA, Price/Book(P/B), and Dis-counted Cash Flow (DCF) Make a cross-industry comparison as well as historical com-parison Going back to our property example If our conclusion is new to the market, the industry is trading at the lower end of its histo-rical PE band, and it is also very attractive on PE terms versus the other industries in Singaporebingo! In conclusion, I would like to leave you with a brain teaser Imagine this is 1996 and you are an investor looking at the Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) industry: DRAM is a semiconductor chip used in most electronic products such as personal computers The business is cyclical in nature because corporate and private consumption of PCs usually rises when the economy is doing well There are, however, two secular trends that underpin the growth in the industry First, more and more people are buying PCs for their home and oiffice Second, the requirement of DRAM per PC is also on the rise as processing power of computer increases exponentially On the competitive issue, the cost to build a wafer fab is extremely high (about US$1b), and the technology is usually state-of-the-art Besides capital and technology, there are no other significant barriers to entry Margin for the industry had been very good because of supply shortage This probably explained why share prices outperformed the market in 1995 The historical five-year PE band for selected stocks in the industry between 1991 and 1995 was about 10 to 100 The average PE during the period was 30 The industry is currently trading at a PE in the low teens Would you invest in this industry (The writer is the Investment Manager of Jardine Fleming Investment Management This column has the support of the Investment Management Association of Singapore and the Stock Exchange of Singapore)

到这个网站上去看一下,有这篇文章的翻译,此外还有许多商务英语论文

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