it治理的时间维度是

：

1It is+被强调部分+that

该句型是强调句型，将被强调的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，强调的主语如果是人，可以用来替换，如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子，这也是判断强调句型与其他从句的方法。

It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday It was in the street that I met her father

It was with great joy ___he received the news that his lost daughter had been found (2004 福建)

A because B which C since D that (D)

2 It is not until +被强调的部分+ that

该句型译成汉语“直到……才”，可以说是的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star =I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses

It was ___back home after the experiment (2004 湖北)

A not until midnight did he go

B until midnight that he didn’t go

C not until midnight that he went

D until midnight when he didn’t go (C)

3 It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that…

该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然、真的、肯定）”是主语从句最常见的结构。

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree

=That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear

4 It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…

该句型和上一句同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。

It is important that we (should) learn English well

It is necessary that he (should) remember these words

5 It is said (reported, learned…) that…

该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉……）

It is said that he has come to Beijing

It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit

6 It is suggested (ordered…) that…

该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气 （should+动词原形）。可以省略，常译为“据建议；有命令……”

It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off

It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours

7 It is a pity (a shame…) that …

在该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class

这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。

It is a pity that he is ill

他生病了，真遗憾！

8 It is time (about time, high time) that…

该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should+动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时候……”

It is time that children should go to bed

=It is time that children went to bed

9 It is the first (second, …)time that…

该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换，常译为“是第一（二,…）次…”。

10 It is …since…

该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时和完成时，引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

It is (has been) 5 years since his father died

It is almost five years ___we saw each other last time (2005 北京)

A before B since C after D when(B)

11 It is …when…

该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”

It was 5 o’clock when he came here

12 It be…before…

该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表语多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“…之后才”，“没过……就……”

It was 3 days before he went to Beijing

It will not be long before he finishes his job

13 It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…

该句型中的it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。

It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street (碰巧……)

It seems that he will be back in a few days (看来……)

The Foreign Minister said, “___our hope that the two sides will work towards peace” (2004北京)

A This is B There is C That is D It is (D)

14 It takes sb…to do sth

该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall

15．It is no good (use) doing sth

该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use )

It is no good learning English without speaking English

16 It doesn’t matter whether…

该句型中的引导的从句是真正的主语，该句型译为“不论（是否）……没关系……

It doesn’t matter whether they are old

17．It is kind (of sb) to do sth

该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引出，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语的形容词。常见的有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的),polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等。这个句型可以改写为sbis kind to do sth

It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so

18 It is necessary (for sb) to do sth

该句型与上一句统属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引出的，主句的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：

Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible, pleasant等。

It is important for her to come to the party =It is important that she (should) come to the party

19 It looks (seems) as if …

该句型中it 无意义。As if 引导一个状语从句，常译为：“看起来好像……”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。

It looks as if he is ill （真的病了）

It looks as if he was ill （事实上没有生病）

It seemed as if he was dying

20 We think it important to learn a foreign language

该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“7123结构”

7指主句中的常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take

1指的是形式宾语it

2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词

3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day

XiaoLi felt it important learning English well

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days

-Do you like ____here

-Oh, yes The air, the weather, the way of life Everything is so nice (2004 全国卷二)

A this B these C that D it (D)

关于有时整点前用it's有时用at的问题，简单说几点。

1、如果是在问答中出现。

2、如果问某人什么时候做什么事用 At +时间 来回答

3、如果问现在几点了用It's+时间 回答

简单概括就是It's基本只用来回答时间，而at可以代入句子中也可以单独回答时间。

it治理是纵向的时间纬度。

IT治理是信息系统审计和控制领域中的一个相当新的理念，IBM最早将此理念引入我国。

关于IT治理，中外学者给出了很多的定义，美国IT治理协会给IT治理的定义是：“IT治理是一种引导和控制企业各种关系和流程的结构，这种结构安排，旨在通过平衡信息技术及其流程中的风险和收益，增加价值，以实现企业目标。”

国内有一种观点认为，IT治理是描述企业或政府是否采用有效的机制，使得IT的应用能够完成组织赋予它的使命，同时平衡信息化过程中的风险，确保实现组织的战略目标的过程。它的使命是：保持IT与业务目标一致，推动业务发展，促使收益最大化，合理利用IT资源，适当管理与IT相关的风险。

美国麻省理工学院的学者彼得·维尔和珍妮·罗斯在其所撰写的《IT治理》一书中指出，IT治理就是为鼓励IT应用的期望行为，而明确的决策权归属和责任担当框架。他们认为是行为而不是战略创造价值，任何战略的实施都要落实到具体的行为上。

从IT中获得最大的价值，取决于在IT应用上产生我们期望的行为。期望行为是组织信念和文化的具体体现，它们的确定和颁布不仅基于战略，而且基于公司的价值纲要、使命纲要、业务规则、约定的行为习惯以及结构等。在每一家公司里，期望行为都各不相同。

综合这些定义，可以得出，IT治理就是要明确有关IT决策权的归属机制和有关IT责任的承担机制，以鼓励IT应用的期望行为的产生，以联接战略目标、业务目标和IT目标，从而使企业从IT中获得最大的价值。

1 它是个激动人心的消息。It指前面提到的事情

2 我们到达车站时大约10点半 It指时间

3 后悔做过的事情是没用的，It为形式主语代替 regretting what has been done

It's no use doing。。。可作为固定用法

4 西方人把给亲友买圣诞礼物定为规则 It形式宾语代to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends

5 我们认为大学生应该掌握至少一门外语是很重要的，It形式宾语代 that college students should master at least one foreign language

6 今天是3月8日。 It指时间（日期）

7 这一对父母将永远不会忘记是李大夫救了他们孩子的命。it +be+ 强调部分+that/who 。。。强调句句式

8 （今天）是好天，不是吗？It指天气

9 想起那件事我就恶心。It形式主语代to think about the matter

10 到达那里花了我两小时。It用法同9

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