当代英语中,通常用it 做形式主语,将不定式和动名词置于谓语后面,特别是主语较长时,或在一些习惯用法中1) 谓语是系表结构(be + 形容词 / 名词)时,常将不定式后置,构成句型 “it + be + 表语(形容词 / 名词)+ 不
1 it was generous of her sisters to offer to pay her fare
2 it was very kind of him to invite her to stay
3 it is lucky for you to found your wallet
4 it is a pity that you counldn;t find a less expensive hotel
5 it is pleasant to walk in the garden
6 it is often difficult to pronounce a long word
7 it is very important to learn a foreign language
希望对你有用 :)
通常用it 做形式主语,将不定式和动名词置于谓语后面,特别是主语较长时,或在一些习惯用法中。
1) 谓语是系表结构(be + 形容词 / 名词)时,常将不定式后置,构成句型 “it + be + 表语(形容词 / 名词)+ 不定式”。
例 1 It is my duty to care for that patient
照料那位病人是我的职责。(做主语的不定式to care for that patient 后置,it 为形式主语)
例 2 It is not an easy thing to master a foreign language
掌握一门外语不是件容易的事。
例 3 It isn’t right to speak ill of someone behind his back
在别人背后说坏话是不对的。
2) 当谓语是 take,make,pay,cost ,require, feel,need 等动词时,或者是与情绪有关的动词 delight,amuse,excite,annoy,irritate 等时,习惯上常用 it 做形式主语,并将不定式后置。
例 1 It takes only ten minutes to get there
到那儿只需十分钟。
例 2 It pays to be honest
诚实是不会吃亏的。
例 3 It feels good to stay away from the crowded city
能远离拥挤的城市,感觉真不错。
例 4 It annoyed her to see someone spit on the ground
看见有人随地吐痰让她很生气。
3) 同不定式一样,动名词也可用于“it + be + 表语 + 动名词”句型中,二者的区别可参见10.2.2 中1)的论述。下面两组句子没有多大差异。
例 1 A) It is a waste of time to argue with him
B) It is a waste of time arguing with him
和他争辩是浪费时间。
例 2 A) It is worthwhile to discuss this again
B) It is worthwhile discussing this again
这一点值得在讨论一下。
4) 但表语是(of)no use,not any use,not the slightest use, no good, not much good,fun等时,常用动名词(不用不定式)做主语并后置,用 it 做形式主语。
例如 It’s no use crying over spilt milk
覆水难收。
5) 动名词还可在 there be 句型中做主语(不能用不定式),常见形式为 “there is no + 动名词”或 “there is no / any + 名词 + 动名词”。
例 1 There is no denying the fact
事实无可否定。
例 2 There isn’t any use trying again
再试也没用。
^_^
句子本来是What makes matters worse is that the room is rather small?
用it的话应该是:It makes matters worse that the room is rather small 供参考
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