雅思写作范文及素材：城市化

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雅思写作的提高不仅需要自己勤加练习，还要多读多看，以下是我给大家整理的雅思写作 范文 及素材：城市化。希望对大家的雅思写作备考有所帮助

雅思写作大 作文 高分范文城市化的影响

        Question

These days, it seems that an increasing number of people are leaving rural areas to live in the city

Discuss some of the effects of rural depopulation ( migration from the country to the city) and suggest some ways in which this trend could be reversed

Key words analysis

rural areas: 郊区, 它的相对词是urban areas

depopulation: 减少居民，后面括号内的内容是岁这个词的解释

trend: 趋势，和tide, current同义

reverse: 使倒转

Argument:

这是属于 议论文 中的problem的类型，通常会在要求学生表达对这个问题的看法和给出一些解决方案。

Possible effects :

过于拥挤的城市易影响城市的舒适度

过于拥挤的城市可能会导致失业率升高

Possible solutions:

政府进行商业性的引导

加强农村基础建设，提升生活便利性

Model Essay 1 – Part 1

Introduction

Rural depopulation is a very important issue in many parts of the world today In this essay, I will discuss some of the main effects of this problem and also offer some possible solutions to it

Main body 1

Firstly, it is clear that migration away from the country negatively affects life in the city Serious environmental and social problems often occur when cities become overcrowded Problems such as air, water and noise pollution are now increasingly common in urban areas around the world because there are simply too many people living there Pollution can make city life very uncomfortable indeed and can even cause illness Beijing is a very good example of this Overcrowding in cities can also lead to high unemployment (especially in poorer parts of the world) and crime

Model Essay 1 – Part 2

Main body 2

In order to prevent people from moving away from the country and reduce the size of cities, I feel we must make country life more attractive In my view, the best way of doing this would be to improve services in the country One of the main reasons that so many people have left the country is that facilities like shopping centres, cinemas, swimming pools, restaurants, libraries, schools and hospitals are generally better in the city If such facilities were available in the country, more people would choose to live there Another effective solution would be for the government to subsidies businesses and workers who move to the country

Conclusion

n conclusion, I believe we must all recognise how serious this problem is For the sake of the environment and our own quality of life it is vital that we preserve rural communities

雅思考试大作文范文:过度城市化的原因和结果

雅思大作文题目：

Since cities have changed a lot, the size ofthe cities has grown enormously Discuss thecauses and consequence of the enormous sizeof cities

雅思大作文范文：

Nowadays, the maps of cities are updatedfrequently With the development of city, more andmore suburbs become parts of the city When thecities in the world are amplifying constantly, peoplediscuss the topic hotly, the causes andconsequence of the enormous cities Different people have different answers by theirrespective views

In my opinion, the evolution of society and the development of economy result in thegrowth of the vast size of cities Since the number of population in every city is increasingcontinually, people need a large amount of space to live in With the progress of the technology,the output of crops rises sharply Fewer and fewer farmers are required, as a result, more andmore villages urbanize The growth of the cities brings us many huge changes

There are more job opportunities in the cities For instance, China will hold the OlympicGames in Beijing in 2008 The government is amplifying the size of Beijing to build new gyms inorder to hold it excellently Obviously, people in the cities could gain a lot of new jobs

Of course, the enormous size of cities also has bad effects Pollution is becoming more andmore serious all over the world with the amplification of the cities For example, thepoisonous gas sent off by factories and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people tobreathe Water waste keeps pouring into rivers and lakes; as a result, many water species aredying out Furthermore, more people the city have, more rubbish we can find

In a word, since each coin has two sides, we should be acquainted clearly with the reasonswhy the size of the cities has grown enormously and what it will bring us Thus, we could makefull use of the positive effects and overcome the negative effects

雅思大作文范文解析-如何解决城市建设带来的问题

题目

The world has many towns and cities constructed in previous centuries that are suitable and livable for people in those times What problems will this cause today and what can be done to solve these problems

题型：问题解决

翻译：世界上有许多几个世纪前建造的城镇，适合那时代的人们居住。这会导致今天出现什么问题以及如何解决这些问题呢

写作结构

开头段：背景引入+话题介绍

主体段 1：可能造成的问题

主体段 2：可以采取的 措施

结尾段： 总结 概括

范文解析

开头段

交代背景“如今全球化和现代化超过了城镇建设，并带来一些问题”，政府需要采取措施解决它们。

背景句：Globalization and modernization nowadays have considerably outpaced the construction of new cities，which has brought some adverse impacts on people’s life

话题介绍：Under pressure, the government needs to identify them to reduce complaints from citizens

主体段 1

商业开发为一些城市的城市化带来了一些问题，如交通堵塞，住房紧张等。

主题句：Commercial development gives a facility to urbanization in some cities where the basic infrastructure does not match the needs of enormous flow of dwellers

平行列举 1：In some cases, the shortage of transportation means that the road would be blocked by vehicles especially during rush hours This low efficient traffic can have negative implications on business to some extent

平行列举 2：Apart from stagnated traffic, there are accommodation issues to be considered This is because the advances of economy surely require large numbers of migrants If single-storey constructions without necessary facilities including heating, sewage system and even electricity supply take a dominating place in city, it would be difficult for those workers to dwell comfortably

主体段 2

为解决上述问题，政府可以采取一些措施。如建设高架桥和地下交通系统减轻道路交通;说服房地产公司建造更多功能性的区域来甘山城市面貌。

主题句：To solve the problems identified above, the most influential factor may be the government who is responsible for modifying the old cities

平行列举：Perhaps viaducts are needed to accommodate more vehicles and underground traffic systems such as railways or underpass tunnels can serve to ease road traffic dramatically Persuading estate companies to construct more functional concrete jungles would probably be an effective strategy to mitigate the terrible living or working conditions It would also help to improve the overlook of city if some districts are demolished for central business areas, public parks or statues

结尾段

总结概括 文章 内容。

Overall, the governors play a vital role in city development, and tax payers should have the awareness of maintaining their new cities

重点表达

impact on 对产生影响

to some extent 在某种程度上

it will/would be difficult for sb to do sth 对某人来讲做某事是有困难的

serve to 服务于

play a vital role in 在某方面发挥巨大作用

雅思大作文范文解析-如何解决城乡差异大的问题

题目

Some people think a rise in standard of living in a country only seems to benefit cities more than rural areas What problems may those differences cause How to solve those problems

题型：问题解决

翻译：有些人认为，提高一个国家的生活水平似乎给城市带来的好处比农村更大。这些差异会造成什么问题如何解决这些问题

写作结构

开头段：引入背景+话题介绍

主体段 1：可能造成的问题之一

主体段 2：可能造成的问题之二

结尾段：可采取的措施

范文解析

开头段

交代背景“一个国家的工业化和城市化大大提高了公民的生活水平。然而，许多人断言发展的成就城市超过农村，并产生了许多问题”，表示“应采取措施解决问题”。

背景句：The industrialization and urbanization of a country have massively improved the living standard of its citizens However, many people assert that the developmental achievements have benefited cities much more than rural areas and a series of problems have arisen

话题介绍：This essay will discuss the problems and then offer feasible solutions to cope with the situation

主体段 1

高度发达的大都市区占据了多数的优质资源，提供了大量的就业和商业机会，导致大量年轻农村居民涌入城市寻求机会，直接导致欠发达地区的劳动力和资金严重短缺。

主题句：The imbalance of economic and social progress between rural and urban areas is starkly visible and have triggered a number of problems

平行列举：First, the highly developed metropolitan areas have occupied the quality resources of education, medical service, finance, commerce and entertainment, providing numerous opportunities in employment and business As a result, a large number of young rural dwellers crowd into the city to pursue education, hunt jobs and make investments, directly leading to the severe shortage of available labour force and capital in the underdeveloped places The loss in population and finance would inevitably worsen the overall economic development in rural districts

主体段 2

由于农村和城市居民的受 教育 程度、职业和收入不同，可能导致农村居民进城务工的时候收到歧视。

主题句：The second problem resides in the aftermath of rural-urban migration

平行列举：As a multicultural destination, the city holds a huge population with diverse backgrounds in terms of education, profession, income, social class, and even accent Individuals from underdeveloped places tend to have less professional competence and personal wealth, due to the lack of educational and commercial resources in rural areas Such discrepancy might trigger discrimination towards the rural residents who struggle their way through the urban jungle What's worse, the widening wealth gap might even force the poorer ones to commit crimes to obtain more material possession

结尾段

可采取措施解决发展不平衡的问题，如政府应该帮助农村居民利用当地资源发展旅游和商业贸易产业;在农村地区的教育系统中投入更多的劳动力和资金;还需要立法和监管来打击与歧视和暴力有关的行为。

Several solutions could be taken into account to improve the situation The government should help rural residents exploiting local resources, such as natural landscape and specialty products, to develop industries in tourism and commercial trade Once the industries are on the rise, job opportunities would be generated, along with a growing business revenue and average income In addition, more workforce and fund should be invested into the education system in rural areas If rural dwellers could obtain a specific skill or a certain academic qualification, they would be more professionally competent and employable Furthermore, legislation and regulation are also required to fight against conduct related to discrimination and violence

重点表达

living standard 生活水平

a series of 一系列

cope with 处理，解决

labour force 劳动力

simon雅思写作观点总结之城市化

Simon 写作观点集：Cities 城市化

1Reasons for Urbanization 城市化的原因

People move to cities in search of job opportunities

Cities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of living

People migrate to cities from the countryside

Traditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays

2Negatives of City Life 城市生活的缺点

Life in cities has its drawbacks

The cost of living is higher than in rural areas

Some people d not manage to find work

Housing is usually much more expensive

Homelessness and poverty are common on cities

There is a gap between rich and poor

Life in cities can be extremely stressful

There are problems like traffic congestion and crime

Cities lack a sense of community

People do not even know their neighbor

Cities are sometimes described as “concrete jungles”

3Pedestrian Areas 人行道

Pedestrian zones in city centre can improve the local environment

Banning cars encourages people to walk or cycle

Many European cities have built bicycle lanes

Dependence on cars is linked to health problems like obesity

People who walk or cycle regularly are generally healthier

Pedestrian areas are safer and more attractive for both residents and tourists

《新概念英语》是我国引进外国教材比较成功的一种,尤其第三册(技能的培养)部分,句型集中,词汇丰富,用法新颖。下面是我带来的新概念英语第三册精选必背 文章 ，欢迎阅读!

新概念英语第三册精选必背文章1

The process of ageing衰老过程

At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is least Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigour and resistance which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually ‘die of old age’, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favour of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer----on into a ninth or tenth decade But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are

Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things ‘wear out’ Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present) But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending But a watch could never repair itself----it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction We could, at one time, repair ourselves----well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power; an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again

人体在12岁时是生命力最旺盛的时期。虽然在这个时期人的身材、体力和智力还有待发展和完善，但在这个年龄死亡的可能性最小。再早一些，我们是幼儿和小孩子，身体较脆弱;再迟一些，我们就要经历生命力和抵抗力逐步衰退的过程。虽然这个过程起初难以觉察，但最终会急转直下，不管我们怎样精心照料我们自己，不管社会和医生怎样对我们进行精心照顾，我们也无法再活下去了。生命力随时间的流失而衰退叫做衰老。人类发现的最不愉快的一个事实是：人必然会衰老。既使我们能避开战争、意外的事故和各种疾病，我们最终也会“老死”;衰老的速度在人与人之间相差甚微，我们最可能死亡的年龄在65至80岁之间，有些人会死得早一些，少数人寿命会长一些——活到八十几岁或九十几岁，但这种可能性很小。不管我们多么幸运，多么健壮，我们所希望的长寿实际上是有限度的。

衰老的过程，不经提起，正常人容易忘记;一经提醒，才会记起。我们对人总是要衰老的现象并不陌生，多年来就已认识到。生命力随着时间流失而丧失活力，人随着年龄的增长而接近死亡，这是不言而喻的，就像一壶热水迟早会凉下来，一双鞋渐渐会磨破一样。人们不但认识到所有的动物，大概也认识到所有的有机物，如树木，甚至宇宙本身，从事物的本质上来说都会“磨损掉”。我们通常看到的大多数动物，即使能让它们活得足够长久的话，也会像我们一样衰老的。像上紧发条的手表那样的机械装置，或太阳，也都会消耗完其能量(整个宇宙是否如此，目前尚有争论)。不过，这些衰老的情况同人并不相似。手表停了依然是只手表，还可以重上好发条。然而一只老掉牙的手表，磨损太厉害，老得一点儿也不准了，最终会不值得 修理 了。但是，手表决不会自行修理，它不是由有生命的部件组成，而是由金属组成，而金属可以随着磨擦而磨损殆尽。而我们人，在一定时间内是可以自行修复的，除了暴病而死或意外事故外，至少足以克服一切一般疾病和事故。在12岁至80岁之间，我们逐渐丧失这种能力。能使我们在12岁时病倒的疾病，到了80岁可能会使我们一蹶不振而进入坟墓。假如我们能保持12岁时的旺盛生命力，那么我们当中的一半人过700年才死去，剩下的一半人再过700年，才会又减少一半。

新概念英语第三册精选必背文章2

What every writer want作家之所需

I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands I never heard of anyone making a ‘skeleton’, as we were taught at school In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination A blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it Sometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books; like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those around them Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair He is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore

This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please

A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow For this reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point

我所认识的作家寥寥无几，然而凡是我所认识和尊敬的作家，都立即承认在他们动笔时，不清楚要写什么，怎么写。他们心中有一个或两个角色。他们处于急切不安的状态，而这被当作是灵感。他们无不承认，一旦“旅程”开始，“目的地”常有急剧的变化。据我所知，有位作家花了9个月的时间写了一部有关克什米尔的小说，后来却把整个 故事 背景换成了苏格兰高地。我从未听说过任何一位作家像我们在学校学的那样，动笔前先列什么提纲。作家在剪裁修改、构思时间、穿插情节、以至从头重写的过程中，会领悟到素材中有很多东西是他刚动笔时所未意识到的。这种有机的加工过程往往达到不寻常自我发现的境界，具有难以言表的构思魅力。一个朦胧的形象出现在作家的脑海里，他左添一笔，右添一笔，形象反而消逝了;可是，好像还有什么东西存在着，不把它捕捉到，作家是不会罢休的。有时，一个作家一本书写完了，但兴奋仍不消散。我听说一些作家，除了自己的书外，别的书一概不读，犹如希腊神话中那位漂亮少年，站在镜前，不能辨认出自身的真面目。由于这个原因，作家喋喋不休地谈论自己的书，挖掘其隐晦的含义，增添新的含义，询问周围人的反应。作家如此行事当然会被人误解。他还不如给人讲一个犯罪案件或一个恋爱故事。顺便说一句，他也是个不可饶恕的令人厌烦的人。

这种企图消除自己和读者之间距离的作法，企图用不了解自己的人的观点来研究自己塑造的形象的作法，会导致作家的毁灭，因为他已经开始为取悦他人而写作了。

一两年前，一位年轻的英国作家发表了中肯的看法。他说，初稿是才华，以后各稿是艺术。也是由于这个原因，作家同任何艺术家一样，找不到可休息的场所，找不到伙伴和活动使自己得到安逸。任何局外人的判断也比不上他自己内心的正确判断。一旦作家从内心的紊乱中理出头绪，就应按任何评论家想像不到的无情规范约束自己去写作;当他沽名钓誉时，他就脱离了自我生活，脱离了对自己灵魂最深处世界的探索。

新概念英语第三册精选必背文章3

Patterns of culture 文化 的模式

Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace As a matter of fact, it is the other way around Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest

No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community From the moment of his birth, the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities Every child that is born into his group will share them with him, and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible

The study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted, and some of these propositions have been violently opposed In the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration In all the less controversial fields, like the study of cacti or termites or the nature of nebulae, the necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions In this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization

Anthropology was by definition impossible, as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over people's minds It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief against our neighbor’s superstition It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must be considered together, our own among the rest

风俗一般未被认为是什么重要的课题。我们觉得，只有我们大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究，至于风俗呢，只是些司空见惯的行为而已。事实上，情况正好相反。从世界范围来看，传统风俗是由许多细节性的习惯行为组成，它比任何个人养成的行为都更加引人注目，不管个人行为多么异常。这只是问题的一个次要的侧面。最重要的是，风俗在实践中和信仰上所起的举足轻重的作用，以及它所表现出来的极其丰富多采的形式。

没有一个人是用纯洁而无偏见的眼光看待世界。人们所看到的是一个受特定的风俗习惯、制度和思想方式剪辑过的世界。甚至在哲学领域的探索中，人们也无法超越这些定型的框框。人们关于真与伪的概念依然和特定的传统风俗有关。约翰•杜威曾经非常严肃地指出：风俗在形成个人行为方面所起的作用和一个人对风俗的任何影响相比，就好像他本国语言的总词汇量和自己咿呀学语时他家庭所接纳的他的词汇量之比。当一个人认真地研究自发形成的社会秩序时，杜威的比喻就是他实事求是观察得来的形象化的说法。个人的生活史首先就是适应他的社团世代相传形成的生活方式和准则。从他呱呱坠地的时刻起，他所生于其中的风俗就开始塑造他的经历和行为规范。到他会说话时，他就是 传统文化 塑造的一个小孩子了;等他长大了，能做各种事了，他的社团的习惯就是他的习惯，他的社团的信仰就是他的信仰，他的社团不能做的事就是他不能做的事。每一个和他诞生在同一个社团中的孩子和他一样具有相同的风俗;而在地球的另一边，诞生在另一个社团的孩子与他就很少有相同的风俗。没有任何一个社会问题比得上风俗的作用问题更要求我们对它理解。直到我们理解了风俗的规律性和多样性，我们才能明白人类生活中主要的复杂现象。

只有在某些基本的主张被接受下来、同时有些主张被激烈反对时，对风俗的研究才是全面的，才会有收获。首先，任何科学研究都要求人们对可供考虑的诸多因素不能厚此薄彼，偏向某一方面。在一切争议较小的领域里，如对仙人掌、白蚁或星云性质的研究，应采取的研究 方法 是，把有关各方面的材料汇集起来，同时注意任何可能出现的异常情况和条件。例如，用这种方法，我们完全掌握了天文学的规律和昆虫群居的习性。只是在对人类自身的研究中，各主要的社会学科才用对一个局部地区各种情况的研究(如对西方文明的研究)来代替对全人类的研究。只要我们同原始人，我们同野蛮人，我们同异教徒之间存在的区别在人的思想中占主导地位，那么人类学按其定义来说就无法存在。我们首先需要达到这样一种成熟的程度：不用自己的信仰去反对我们邻居的迷信。必须认识到，这些建立在相同前提基础上的风俗，暂且可以说是超自然的东西，必须放在一起加以考虑，我们自己的风俗和其他民族的风俗都在其中。

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