保密协议翻译的注意事项与翻译细节

技术部门。富士康全称为富士康科技集团，其是中国台湾鸿海精密集团的高新科技企业，根据查询该公司官网可知：该公司要求公司内技术部门的工作人员在参与工作培训之前，与公司签订保密协议，以避免公司内部的机密技术造成泄露。该公司1974年成立于中国台湾省台北市。

保密协议一般包括保密内容、责任主体、保密期限、保密义务及违约责任等条款。

保密协议可以分为单方保密协议和双方保密协议。单方保密协议是指一方对另一方单方面负有保密义务的协议。保密协议，是指协议当事人之间就一方告知另一方的书面或口头信息，约定不得向任何第三方披露该等信息的协议。负有保密义务的当事人违反协议约定，将保密信息披露给第三方，将要承担民事责任甚至刑事责任。

参考资料：

保密协议是通过合同约定协议双方保密义务的手段，违反保密协议需要承担违约责任。保密协议应做到权责分明、义务清晰，才能成为无可争议的保密措施。

单向保密协议 VS 双向保密协议 VS 多向保密协议

保密协议分为三种，单向保密协议unilateral NDA（one-way NDA）、双向协议bilateral NDA（a mutual NDA / a two-way NDA）以及多向协议multilateral NDA，因而保密协议中规定的义务可以是单向的，双向的或者多向的，在拟定保密协议时要明确自身角色，自己究竟是信息披露方，还是信息接收方，还是说兼而有之，既负有保密之责，也希望对方能保守秘密。

保密信息披露的范围

一般与对方公司签订保密信息，供对方公司内部人员使用，但是是不是对方公司所有人员都可以有机会接触到保密信息呢？并不是。保密信息传播是有范围的，而且一定要体现在保密协议中。信息接收方的关联公司、分支公司、融资公司、证监机构以及上述公司的部分员工都有可能包含在披露范围之内。

此外一旦保密信息被披露，保密协议还要追究披露责任，责任的范围和大小都是拟定合约期间讨论的重点内容。一般而言，一旦某个员工未经许可进行信息披露，那保密协议会要求信息接收方对其高级职员、雇员及其他员工而造成的信息泄露负责。

保密协议期限保密协议翻译

保密期限的长短是订立合约时的另一重点。一份无限期的保密协议对于信息接收方来说肯定是不小的掣肘。商业秘密（trade secret）是指不为公众所知悉，能为权利人带来经济利益、具有实用性并经权利人采取保密措施的技术信息和经营信息。

保密协议 VS 竞业协议

二者最直观的区别是保密协议不让说，竞业协议不让做。其次是竞业协议限制了劳动之的就业，而保密协议没有。一般而言，只要商业秘密存在，保密义务就存在。而竞业协议限制时间较短，最长不超过两年。

免责条款

除了保密协议规定的使用目的外，信息接收方通常会遇到来自法院、检察院、政府、证券交易所等国家机关的指令，要求其披露保密信息，这个时候指令和保密协议就相悖了，信息接收方面临赔偿的风险。一般信息接收方会要求披露方给予免责。

转让条款

合同内信息披露方一般都会规定除非经书面同意，否则对方不得转让。信息接收方则希望不经对方同意就可以转让给关联公司。

合理努力 VS 最大努力

合理努力（Reasonable Endeavors）和最大努力（Best Endeavors）保持保密信息的保密性，侧重为实现结果而付出的努力，不侧重是否能实现某一特定结果。使用合理或者最大的限定，是因为所要达到的目的一般取决于第三方，无法保证自身能完全完成。

至于努力的程度，要看合同上下文和双方意图，以及当时的情况和可供履约方的选择。尽最大努力一般认为是履约方如同为自己的利益和要去获取结果的迫切程度那样，采取所应当采取的一切步骤。当然这不代表忽略股东方的利益。

尽合理努力代表履约方在考虑商业利益和成功的可能性后，采取权衡措施。

下面是著文翻译所翻译过保密协议的摘选：

3     保密承诺与使用规约

3     Undertaking of Confidentiality and Restriction on Use

31   鉴于条款2对披露的规定，接收方同意将对保密信息与评估材料进行严格把守和保密，若无披露方事先书面同意，不得以任何方式披露、许可、交易、出版或泄露保密信息和评估材料，条款4规定情况除外。

31   In consideration of the disclosure referred to in Article 2 above, the Receiving Party agrees that the Confidential Information and the Evaluation Material shall be held and treated strictly in confidence and shall not be disclosed, licensed, traded, published or otherwise revealed in any manner whatsoever, without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party except as provided in Article 4 below

32   接收方（及其任何关联企业）不得为了许可用途之外的目的使用或允许使用保密信息和/或评估材料。

32   The Receiving Party shall (and shall procure that any Affiliated Company shall) not use or permit the use of the Confidential Information and/or the Evaluation Material other than for the Permitted Purpose

33   接收方（及根据条款41接收保密信息和、或评估材料的主体）须对其接收的所有保密信息及其副本、以及评估材料进行保护和保密（保护和保密的程度应不低于接收方和此类主体对待其自身保密信息的程度），不违反本协议披露任何保密信息或评估材料。

33   The Receiving Party shall (and shall procure that any Person that receives Confidential Information and/or Evaluation Material pursuant to and in accordance with Article 41 hereof shall) keep any Confidential Information it receives and any copies thereof and any Evaluation Material secure and confidential (in a manner no less secure and confidential than Receiving Party and such Persons keep their respective confidential information) and to prevent the Confidential Information and any Evaluation Material from being disclosed in breach of this Agreement

34   接收方同意并承诺不向任何人披露本协议的存在、可以获得保密信息的事实、披露方和接收方或其关联企业正在进行或已经完成的讨论或谈判，条款4规定的情况除外。

34   The Receiving Party agrees and undertakes not to disclose to anyone, except as provided for by Article 4 below, the existence of this Agreement, the fact that the Confidential Information has been made available or that discussions or negotiations are taking place or have taken place between Disclosing Party and Receiving Party or any Party’s Affiliated Companies

35   无披露方事先书面同意，接收方不得以任何方式利用保密信息损害披露方在合同区的利益。

35   The Receiving Party shall not, without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party, use the Confidential Information to circumvent the interest of the Disclosing Party in the Area in anyway

36   本协议中接收方的保密义务和不使用义务从接收方接收保密信息开始。此外，不披露的义务不受接收方发起或针对接收方的破产、破产管理、分派、扣押、没收程序影响，不受接收方的破产信托人拒绝接受GNPC与披露方和/或接收方之间协议的影响、也不受接收方进入破产保护程序或同等事件的影响。

36   The obligations of the Receiving Party for confidentiality and non-use as set forth in this Agreement shall commence from receipt of the Confidential Information by the Receiving Party  Further, the obligation not to disclose shall not be affected by bankruptcy, receivership, assignment, attachment or seizure procedures, whether initiated by or against the Receiving Party, nor by the rejection of any agreement between GNPC and Disclosing Party and/or Receiving Party, by a trustee of Receiving Party in bankruptcy, or by the Receiving Party as a debtor-in-possession or the equivalent of any of the foregoing

4 允许披露与接收方的允许披露义务

4  Permitted Disclosure and Obligation of Receiving Party for Permitted Disclosures

在下列情况下，接收方可以不经披露方事先书面同意披露保密信息和/或评估材料：

The Receiving Party may disclose Confidential Information and/or Evaluation Material without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party:

41 对接收方具有管辖权的政府实体、监管实体或接收方或其关联企业股票所在证券委员会或证券交易所的适用法律、命令、法令、法规或规定要求披露保密信息和/或评估材料。前提是接收方应在披露前以合理方式尽力尽快向披露方递交书面通知；或

41   To the extent the Confidential Information and/or Evaluation Material is required to be disclosed under applicable law, order, decree, regulation or rule of any governmental entity having jurisdiction over the Receiving Party, or any regulatory entity, securities commission or stock exchange on which the securities of the Receiving Party or any of its Affiliated Companies are listed or are to be listed, provided that the Receiving Party shall make all reasonable efforts to give prompt written notice to the Disclosing Party prior to such disclosure (including full details of the circumstances of such disclosure); or

42   出于知情需要或仅出于条款31之目的向以下实体披露：

42   To the following persons on a need to know basis and only for the purpose described in Article 31:

421   接收方的员工、高级员工、主管；

421    employees, officers and directors of the Receiving Party;

422    接收方关联企业的员工、高级员工、主任；或：

422    employees, officers and directors of an Affiliated Company of the Receiving Party; or

423    接收方或其关联企业的职业咨询师或代理人；

423    any professional consultant or agent retained by the Receiving Party or its Affiliated Company;

在向条款422和423规定的实体进行披露之前，接收方应确保获得此类实体的保密承诺，且不低于本协议标准；如此类实体为外部法律顾问，接收方只需保证该法律顾问受保密义务约束。

Prior to making any such disclosure to Persons under Articles 422 and 423 above, however, the Receiving Party shall obtain an undertaking of confidentiality, on terms no less stringent than contained in this Agreement, from each such Person; provided, however, that in the case of outside legal counsel, the Receiving Party shall only be required to procure that such legal counsel is bound by an obligation of confidentiality

43   如条款42所述实体因故意或疏忽构成违约，接收方应对披露方负责，如同接收方自身违反本协议。一旦发现保密信息违约披露，接收方需立即通知披露方。接收方须以合理方式尽力确保条款42所述实体履行所披露的保密信息相关的保密义务。

43   The Receiving Party shall be responsible to the Disclosing Party for any act or omission of the entities and Persons described in Article 42 that would constitute breach of this Agreement as if the action or omission had been perpetrated by the Receiving Party and shall immediately notify the Disclosing Party upon becoming aware that Confidential Information has been disclosed in breach of this Agreement The Receiving party shall use all reasonable endeavors to ensure that those persons or entities described in Articles 42 comply with the obligations of confidentiality under which the Confidential Information was disclosed to them

6  保密信息的归还

6  Return of Confidential Information

61   披露方可以在任何时候通过书面通知接收方的形式要求归还保密信息。

61   Disclosing Party may demand the return of the Confidential Information at any time upon giving written notice to Receiving Party

62   在收到61中所述的通知的三十（30）天之内，接收方应当不再保留任何保密信息的副本，但这应当遵循披露方的意愿：

62   Within thirty (30) days of receipt of the notice referred to in Article 61, the Receiving Party shall retain no copies of the Confidential Information, but shall at the option of the Disclosing Party:

621   将所有原始的保密信息归还给披露方；

621   Return all of the original Confidential Information to the Disclosing Party;

622   销毁或删除所有保密信息、任何保密信息相关的评估材料和/或由接收方披露的主体所持有的评估材料的副本（手写版和电子版）。电子格式的保密信息或评估材料（包括基于63的所有电子备份文档）也应当被删除；并且

622    Destroy or delete or cause to be destroyed or deleted all copies and reproductions (both written and electronic) of Confidential Information and any Evaluation Material in its possession and/or in the possession of persons to whom it was disclosed by the Receiving Party  Confidential Information or Evaluation Material that is in electronic format (including all electronic back-up files - subject to Art 63) shall also be deleted; and

63   提供一份书面证明，由接收方的授权官员签署，以证明接收方已经完全遵循了条款61的义务，条款61及其细则不适用于以下内容：

63   Provide a written certification, signed by an authorized officer of the Receiving Party, that Receiving Party has fully complied with its obligations under this Clause 61The provisions of Article 61 and 61 do not apply to the following:

631   保存在接收方或主体（按条款41规定披露的）的电脑备份系统中的保密信息或评估材料，条件是保密信息或评估材料将会根据接收方或主体定时不间断的记录保存过程而被销毁且保密信息在销毁之前未被使用；

631    Confidential Information or Evaluation Material that is retained in the computer backup system of Receiving Party or a Person to whom it was disclosed under Article 41 if the Confidential Information or Evaluation Material will be destroyed in accordance with the regular ongoing records retention process of Receiving Party or such Person and if the Confidential Information is not used prior to its destruction;

632    必须根据适用的法律或规定（包括证券交易规定或政府指令、法令、规章或法规）保留的保密信息或评估材料；和

632    Confidential Information or Evaluation material that must be retained under applicable law or regulation, including by stock exchange regulations or by governmental order, decree, regulation or rule; and

633    任何含有源于保密协议或评估报告的数据、被展示给其执行董事会（或同等机构）且根据适用法律或文件保留政策被要求保留下来的企业文件或接收方的报告；

假设任何如此保留的保密信息和/或评估材料应当遵循本协议的条款。

633   Any corporate documents or reports of the Receiving Party which contain data derived from Confidential Information or Evaluation Material which were presented to its executive board (or the equivalent thereof) and are required in accordance with applicable law or its document retention policy to be retained;

provided that any Confidential Information and/or Evaluation Material that is so retained shall remain subject to the terms of this Agreement

10    转让

10    Assignment

在获得披露方书面同意之前，接收方不得全部转让或部分转让本协议中接收方的权利和义务。获得披露方书面认可之前的任何接收方的尝试转让都是无效的。在不受限于条款10之前的条款内的情况下，本协议应当符合双方及其继承者和许可转让人的利益。

The rights and obligations of the Receiving Party under this Agreement may not be assigned in whole or in part by the Receiving Party without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party  Any attempted assignment by Receiving Party without the prior written approval of Disclosing Party shall be void  Without limiting the prior provisions of this Article 10, this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns

14    不存在商业关系

14    No Business Relationship

141 双方承认本协议不会创造代理关系或伙伴关系。

141 Both Parties acknowledge that this Agreement does not create a relationship of agency or partnership

142 本协议中的任何内容都不得被视为双方探讨其他双边协议或禁止披露方和其他方讨论其他协议的义务。

142 Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as an obligation of the Parties to enter into any other agreement between them or prohibit the Disclosing Party from entering into agreements with other parties

16    修改

16    Modifications

任何有关本协议的修订、改动或修改都是无效的，除非以书面形式提交同样的内容且由双方合适的授权代表完成签署。

No amendments, changes or modifications to this Agreement shall be valid except if the same are in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of each of the Parties hereto

17    可分割性

17    Severability

如果本协议中任何一项条款由有管辖权的法院宣布作废或不能执行，那么本协议中的其他条款将继续保持全部效力，就如同作废或不能执行的这一条款不曾存在于协议中一样。

If any term of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining terms of this Agreement, will remain in full force and effect as if such invalid or unenforceable term had never been included

19    对应执行

19    Counterpart Execution

本协议将会被对应执行，双方的副本在所有意义上都应被视为一份完整的协议，前提是双方在进行对应执行之前均不受本协议约束。为了将副本编写进同一个文件，披露方被授权将签名页从其中的一份副本中取出，在接收方在这张纸上完成签署后，将完成双方签署的签名页放回同一份副本中。

This Agreement may be executed in counterparts and each counterpart shall be deemed an original Agreement for all purposes; provided that neither Party shall be bound to this Agreement until both parties have executed a counterpart For purposes of assembling the counterparts into one document, Disclosing Party is authorized to detach the signature page from one counterpart and, after signature thereof by Receiving Party, attach each signed signature page to a counterpart

22    反贿赂/反贪污

22    Anti-Bribery/Anti-Corruption

双方特此同意与本协议及其标的物相关，双方应当在任何时候都遵循所有反贿赂和反贪污的适用法律、规范和准则，包括但不限于确保双方和各自的代表不参与任何构成违反这些法律、规范和准则（可能时常修订）的活动、实施或行为。

The Parties hereby agree that, in relation to this Agreement and the subject matter hereof, they shall at all times comply with all applicable law, regulations and codes relating to anti-bribery and anti-corruption, including but not limited to ensuring that each of the Parties and their respective representatives shall not engage in any activity, practice or conduct which would constitute an offence under any such laws, regulations or codes (as may be amended from time to time)

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