it的用法

1

He saw the grey Land-Rover down the bypass It was more than a hundred yards from him

2

She could, if she wanted, compel him, through a court of law, to support the child after it was born

3

He was through with sports, not because he had to be but because he wanted it that way

他放弃了体育运动，不是因为被迫而是出于自愿。

4

It was nice to see Steve again

5

It has been said that stress causes cancer

6

Of course, as it turned out, three-fourths of the people in the group were psychiatrists

7

It's three o'clock in the morning

8

It was very wet and windy the day I drove over the hill to Mill

9

'Who is it' he called — 'It's your neighbor'

10

It's really the poor countries that don't have an economic base that have the worst environmental records

指“物”

1 this指近处的物品，that指远处的物品，it没有远近之分。请看：

1） This is a ruler 这是一把尺子。（指近处） 2） That is an eraser 那是一块橡皮擦。（指远处）

2 在回答this 和that作主语的疑问句时，常用it代替this和that。请看：

1）—Is this / that a desk 这 / 那是书桌吗？ —Yes, it is 是的，它是。（No，it isn’t 不，它不是。）

2）—What’s this / that 这 / 那是什么？—It’s a sharpener 这 / 那是卷笔刀。

3 表示两个在一起的物品时，应先说this, 后说that。再请看：

This is a pen That is a pencil 这是钢笔，那是铅笔。

[密笈]“这个” this离我近，“那个” that距我远，it指代“它”，答语中把this / that换。

指“人”

1 在交际中介绍某人时，用this或that,而不用it。请看：

This is Li Mei That is Wang Fang 这是李梅，那是王芳。

2 回答特殊疑问句中作主语指“人”的this或that时，答语仍用this或that,不用it。请看：

—Who’s this / that 这 / 那位是谁？ —This / That is Miss Lin 这 / 那位是林**。

3 电话用语中的“我”和“你”，不用I和you, 而用this和that, 此时的this / that可以用it代替。请看：

—Hello, is that / it Wei Hua 喂，你是魏华吗？ —No, this / it is Wang Lan 不是，我是王兰。

4 指性别不明的婴儿或身份不明的人时，用it取代this和that 。请看：

—Who’s it 谁呀？ —It’s me 是我。

it作替代词的用法

1it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时,被替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词例如:

1)We are studying in a school with trees all around it(it替代可数名词school)

2)-Have you still kept your old furniture

-No,I have sold it(it替代不可数名词furniture)

2it可以替代英语句式中的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句,在句中作形式主语或形式宾语例如:

1)It is a great surprise to meet you here(It替代不定式短语to meet you here)

2)I think it is no good parents doing anything for their children(it替代动名词的复合结构parents doing anything for短语)

3)We found it impossible that they could complete the task in two hours(it替代that they could从句)

3it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容这时,可用that替换,也可以改为非限制性定语从句有时it可以前置替代,用以代替后面整个句子的内容这时,不可用that替换例如:

1)He said he had never met her,and it is not true(it替代前面整个句子He said)

2)I hate it when people talk with their mouths full(it代替后面整个句子when people talk with)(NMET'98)

that作替代词的用法

1that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词代替可数名词可以用the one替换但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰例如:

1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan(that代替不可数名词population,不可用the one替换)

2)The headteacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs(that代替可数名词headteacher,可用the one替换)

2that在并列分句中,可以替代前面某一个名词或整个句子内容,这时,可用it替换,也可改为非限制性定语从句例如:

1)She heard a terrible noise,and that brought her heart into her mouth(that替代前面的名词noise)

2)They said they had discussed the problem,and that (=it) was impossible(that替代前面整个并列分句They said)

3that在定语从句中,可作关系代词,代替某个先行词(人或物)例如:

1)The lady that came to our class is from Australia(that指代先行词lady)

2)A clock is a machine that tells people the time(that指代先行词machine)

4that的复数形式为those,只可替代可数名词复数,在句中相当于the ones例如:

1)The nights there in summer are shorter than those in winter(those替代nights,可用the ones替换)

2)The students who do best in the exam are not always those with the best brains(those替代students,可用the ones替换)

it用法完全归纳

一、it 作人称代词的用法

1 指事物

作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如：

I dropped my watch and it broke 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。

It’s hard work, but I enjoy it 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。

“Where is the dog”“It’s in the bedroom ” “狗在哪”“在卧室里”。

2 指人

it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如：

Is it a boy or a girl 是男孩还是女孩

There is a knock on the door It must be the postman 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。

说明在答语中，常用来指本人，如说 It’s me。

3 代替某些代词

代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。如：

“What’s this”“It’s a new machine ” “这是什么”“是一种新机器”。

Nothing is wrong, is it 没出什么问题，是吗

二、it 作非人称代词的用法

1 基本用法

it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如：

It’s too late to go there now 现在去那儿已经太迟了。

It rained all day yesterday 昨天下了一天的雨。

It can get very hot here 这里有时会很热。

2 用于某些句型

It’s time for sth 该做某事了。

It’s time to do sth 该做某事的时候了。

It’s time for sb to do sth 某人该干某事了。

It’s (about / high) time + that-从句 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”)

It’s first (second) time + that-从句 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)

It’s + 时间段 + since-从句 自从……有一段时间了。

It’s + 时间段 + before-从句 过多长的时间才……

三、it用作形式主语

1 基本用法

当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。如：

It’s very important to remember this 记住这一点很重要。

It’s hard work climbing mountains 爬山是费劲的事。

It’s unknown when he will come 他什么时候来还不知道。

2 用作形式主语的的重要句型

(1) It + be + adj for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……

It is hard for him to make up his mind 他很难下定决心。

It was foolish of her to say such a thing 她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。

说明介词 of 与 for 的区别是：of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for表示对象，意为“对……来说”

(2) It takes sb + 时间段 + to do sth 某人做某事花了……时间

It takes years to master a new language 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。

说明此句型可以有以下多变种变体：It took me an hour to write the letter =The letter took me an hour (to write) =I took an hour to write the letter 我写这封信花了一个小时。

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