科技进步和互联网方面的英语作文

Information literacy

Knowing how to find data from several sources, select relevant material, analyse and organise it into a form that can be used to make decisions

Computers have become the tools people use to access and manage information

Information technologists are people who analyse and design the tools

What is a computer

Tradition definitions of computers include

• A machine that accepts data and processes it into use information

• A computer is a binary, digital, electronic, stored program machine

• While a computer is commonly a digital machine, analogue machine do exist

An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), process data arithmetically and logically, produce results (output) from the processing and stores results for future use Many computers receive and send data (communicate) across networks LAN and Wan

A computer system consists of hardware and software

What is hardware

Hardware

Hardware is physical devices or components that can be physically handled – you can thou it

Input Devices

Input devices convert data that humans collect into coded electrical signals that a computer can process

The central processing unit

The electronic processing takes place in the CPU The CPU consists of

• A control unit that controls all of the computer’s functions and an

• Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) that performs any calculation

Memory

Memory holds all programs and

What is RAM currently open

Data (notes)

Word processor

OS

Output devices

Output devices convert the computer’s electronic signals back into information

Secondary storage devices

These devices store programs and data permanently The programs and data are not necessarily (or likely to be) in current use Eg DVD CD

Communication devices

These devices enable a computer to connect to another computer

List the six different type of hardware

Secondary storage(external), input, processor, output , memory, Communication

Name eight pieces of hardware

USB, keyboard, monitor, screen, RAM, ROM, VDU, Modem

The system unit and peripheral devices

The system unit is the computer box

Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside, or in other words, plugged into the (back of) the machine Peripheral devices include the key board, mouse, printer, joy stick and others

Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside, or in other words, plugged into the (back of) the machine Peripheral devices include the keyboard, mouse, printer, joy stick and others

What else does a computer have

Software

Software is a computer program ,which is a detailed set of instructions that directs a computer to perform the tasks necessary to process data into information These instructions are written in languages that computer can interpret Software includes computer games, a word processing packing, an accounting package, amongst

Definition of a computer system

• A computer system is the configuration of hardware and software, functioning together, to process data into useful information, in order to achieve a purpose for a human user

What is data

• Data is raw facts, be they numbers, words, images and sounds, that can be input into a computer

eg Mary

a name is a piece of data

What is information

• Information is processed data, that has meaning and is useful

eg John is a

list of names who scored an A grade on an exam

John A

Chai A

Pam A

eg Commodore $23 500

Magna $21 500

Falcon $19 800

The system unit contains the

• Motherboard

• CPU

• Memory

• Other electronics

It is where the computer program instructions are executed and the data is manipulated

The Processor

CPU

The CPU interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate the computer, the CPU contain the

• Control unit and the

• Arithmetic logic unit

Control unit

The control unit directs and coordinates the computer’s operations

For every single instruction, the control unit repeats four basic operations,

• Fetching

• Decoding

• Executing

• Storing

CPU speed

The CPU’s speed may be measured in MIPS

The number of millions of instructions per second

Arithmetic/logic unit

The ALU performs all calculations, which involve

• Arithmetic operations 2+3

• Comparison operations age>=17

• Logical operations pass

Processing instructions

A CPU may begin executing a second machine cycle before completing the first-referred to as pipelining

Current CPU’s can pipeline up to 4 instructions

Storage within the CPU

Registers temporarily hold data and instructions

The computer’s clock

A System clock is necessary to control the timing of all computer operations

Each tick of the clock is referred to as a clock cycle

Clock speed is the speed at which a processor executes instructions

A hertz is one cycle per second and a megahertz is 1024 by1024 and a gigahertz is 1024 by 1024 by1024

Memory

Memory is the temporary storage place for data and (program) instructions

Memory is measured in

• Kilobytes 1024 bytes 2^10

• Megabytes 1024 1024 bytes 2^20

• Gigabytes 102410241024 bytes 2^30

Representation of data

Digital computers are built from many small electronic circuits Each circuit, at any point of time can be turned OFF or ON

Hence these devices are called two state devices

Binary Digit 0and 1

Each off or on digital value is called a bit, short for binary digit

A 1 bit computer would be able to distinguish between two values-characters, symbols or numbers Hardly sufficient for the characters on the keyboard

Bits Characters

1 2

2 4

3 8

4 16

5 32

6 64

7 128

8 256

　In the era of information and technology, the Internet plays an important role in our

society However, people’s opinions are still divided on this point Those who are in favor of the Internet claim that it has a lot of advantages Firstly, information searching is no longer a tough job with the help of all kinds of search engines Secondly, we can contact friends or business partners via e-mails or software such as Internet Meeting and Yahoo Messenger

Those who are opposed to the Internet hold that its disadvantages are numerous In the first place, using the Internet costs considerable time, money and energy, especially for those with poor self-control In the second place, increasing young people are indulged in online games and unhealthy information, which are extremely harmful to their development

The Internet enables us to improve communication, erase physical barriers, and expand our education Its absorption into our society has been extraordinary

The “Net” touches nearly every part of our lives from how we apply for jobs and where we get our news, to how we find friends A few Web sites have virtually replaced some things, like the encyclopedia and the phone book

But with acceptance comes a decrease in skepticism You may assume that the same laws or societal rules that protect your privacy in the physical world apply to the digital world as well But the Internet remains largely unregulated and the policies governing it underdeveloped As you continue to embrace the technology it is important to be aware that in many ways it is still uncharted territory

Knowing how to navigate through cyberspace, even if that means proceeding at your own risk, is essential to using the Internet

以上就是关于急求!!!一篇有关于计算机的英语科技论文；带中文翻译；先谢谢了！！！全部的内容，包括:急求!!!一篇有关于计算机的英语科技论文；带中文翻译；先谢谢了！！！、关于网络科技的英语四级优秀作文、科技进步和互联网方面的英语作文等相关内容解答，如果想了解更多相关内容，可以关注我们，你们的支持是我们更新的动力！