虚拟语气的各种用法

虚拟语气的各种用法,第1张

网络虚拟化的内容一般指 虚拟专用网络 (***)。*** 对网络连接的概念进行了抽象,允许 远程用户访问组织的内部网络,就像物理上连接到该网络一样。网络虚拟化可以帮助保护 IT 环境,防止来自 Internet 的威胁,同时使用户能够快速安全的访问应用程序和数据。

“Virtual Private Network”。***被定义为通过一个公用网络(通常是因特网)建立一个临时的、安全的连接,是一条穿过混乱的公用网络的安全、稳定隧道。使用这条隧道可以对数据进行几倍加密达到安全使用互联网的目的。

VLAN

网络虚拟化就是在一个物理网络上模拟出多个逻辑网络来。目前比较常见的网络虚拟化应用包括虚拟局域网,即VLAN,虚拟专用网,***,以及虚拟网络设备等。

VLAN如图1所示,是指管理员能够根据实际应用需求,把同一物理局域网内的不同用户,从逻辑上划分为不同的广播域,即实现了VLAN。每一个VLAN相当于一个独立的局域网络。同一个VLAN中的计算机用户可以互连互通,而不同VLAN之间的计算机用户不能直接互连互通。只有通过配置路由等技术手段才能实现不同VLAN之间的计算机的互连互通。

我们知道,局域网的特点,就是里面的计算机之间是互联互通的。可见从用户使用的角度来看,模拟出来的逻辑网络与物理网络在体验上是完全一样的。

网络虚拟化

图1 VLAN

常见网络虚拟化形式

基于网络的虚拟化方法是在 网络设备之间实现 存储虚拟化功能,具体有下面几种方式:

1 基于互联设备的虚拟化

基于互联设备的方法如果是对称的,那么控制信息和数据走在同一条通道上;如果是不对称的,控制信息和数据走在不同的路径上。在对称的方式下,互联设备可能成为瓶颈,但是多重设备管理和 负载平衡机制可以减缓瓶颈的矛盾。同时,多重设备管理环境中,当一个设备发生故障时,也比较容易支持服务器实现故障接替。但是,这将产生多个SAN孤岛,因为一个设备仅控制与它所连接的 存储系统。非对称式 虚拟存储比对称式更具有可扩展性,因为数据和控制信息的路径是分离的。

基于互联设备的虚拟化方法能够在专用服务器上运行,使用标准 *** 作系统,例如Windows、Sun Solaris、Linux或供应商提供的 *** 作系统。这种方法运行在标准 *** 作系统中,具有基于主机方法的诸多优势--易使用、设备便宜。许多基于设备的虚拟化提供商也提供附加的功能模块来改善系统的整体性能,能够获得比标准 *** 作系统更好的性能和更完善的功能,但需要更高的硬件成本。

但是,基于设备的方法也继承了基于 主机虚拟化方法的一些缺陷,因为它仍然需要一个运行在主机上的代理软件或基于主机的适配器,任何主机的故障或不适当的主机配置都可能导致访问到不被保护的数据。同时,在异构 *** 作系统间的 互 *** 作性仍然是一个问题。

2 基于 路由器的虚拟化

基于 路由器的方法是在路由器固件上实现 存储虚拟化功能。供应商通常也提供运行在 主机上的附加软件来进一步增强 存储管理能力。在此方法中,路由器被放置于每个 主机到存储网络的数据通道中,用来截取网络中任何一个从主机到存储系统的命令。

首先should do和did都是可以的

其次

It is high time that+从句 = It is time that+从句

该是的时候了.从句后要用虚拟语气.

如: It is (high) time that we got home 我们该回家了.是我们该回家的时候了.

It is (high) time that we went to bed 我们该睡觉了.是我们该睡觉的时候了.

值得注意的是: 这种表达方法语气虽然是虚拟的,但是可以实现的,可以做的事情.

It is (high) time that+从句: 意义上等于 ought to do sth

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、虚拟条件句的三种基本类型:与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反

条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生:

If I have time, I will go with them 假若我有时间,我就同他们去(陈述语气)

If I were you, I would go with them 假若我是你,我就同他们去(虚拟语气)

▲ 与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:

If I knew her number ,I could ring her up 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了(可惜我不知道)

▲与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”:

If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了(但我动身太迟了)

▲与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:

If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们(不过我不打算这样做)

注:几点特别说明

① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后would, might, could的大致区别是:would表示结果,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允许或可能性比较:

If you tried again ,you would succeed 要是你再试一试,你就会成功的(would表结果)

If you tried again, you might succeed 要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的(might表可能)

If you tried again ,you could succeed 要是你再试一试,你就能成功了(could表能力)

④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用直陈语气或祈使语气:

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me 万一明天下雨,就不要等我了(祈使语气)

If I should see him, I’ll tell him 万一我见到他,我就告诉他(直陈语气)

2、错综时间虚拟条件句

所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now 要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice 假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了

3、两个常考虚拟语气句型

▲ 句型介绍

这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型,也经常受到命题人的青睐,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”如:

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow 要是没有水植物就无法生长

If it hadn’t been for your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded

=But for your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded

=Without your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded

5、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气

▲ 用法说明

动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形如:

注:特别注意

从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,而与wish的时态无关,比较:

I wish I were rich 要是我现在有钱就好了

I wish I had been rich 要是那时我有钱就好了

I wished I were rich 当时我后悔自己没有钱

I wished I had been rich 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱

6、if only后的句子用虚拟语气

if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同:

If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

注:if only 通常独立使用,没有主句

7、as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气

▲ 基本用法

以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词原形:

He acts as if he knew me 他显得认识我似的

They treat me as though I were a stranger 他们待我如陌生人

He talks as if he had been abroad 他说起话来好像曾经出过国

注:两点说明

(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气:

It looks as if we’ll be late 我们似乎要迟到了

(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译:

It isn’t as if he were poor 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)

8、It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气

▲ 基本用法

从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”:

It’s time we went [were going, should go] 我们该走了

It’s time I was in bed 我该上床睡了(不用were)

9、would rather后句子用虚拟语气

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气, 表示”宁愿做什么” ,具体用法为:

▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d rather you went tomorrow (now) 我宁愿你明天(现在)去

▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’d rather you hadn’t said it 我真希望你没有这样说过

10、宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型

▲ I wish后的宾语从句

动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形如:

I wish I could be of some use 我希望我能有什么用处

We wish he didn’t smoke 我们希望他不吸烟

I wish prices would come down 我希望物价能降下来

▲ 表示“坚持”后的宾语从句

主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略如:

I insisted that he (should) stay 我坚持要他留下

注:动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气比较:

He insisted that I had read his letter 他坚持说我看过他的信

He insisted that I should read his letter 他坚持要我看他的信

▲ 表示“命令”后的宾语从句

主要是指order, command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略如:

He ordered that it (should) be sent back 他命令把它送回去

▲ 表示“建议”后的宾语从句

主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略如:

He suggested that we should leave early 他建议我们早点动身

注:与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别也是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”比较并体会:

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner 他建议我们留下吃饭

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him 我觉得你与他心照不宣

▲ 表示“要求”后的宾语从句

主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略如:

I ask that he leave 我要求他走开

He requires that I (should) appear 他要求我出场

▲ 表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句

主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略如:

I move that we accept the proposal 我提议通过这项提案

▲ 表示“敦促”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略如:

He urged that they go to Europe 他敦促他们到欧洲去

▲ 表示“安排”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略如:

He arranged that I should go abroad 他安排我去国外

▲ 表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略如:

She desires that he do it 她希望他做此事

▲ 表示“指示”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略如:

The general directed that the prisoners should be set free 将军指示释放那些俘虏

11、主语从句中的虚拟语气

在It is necessary,important,strange,natural, advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc ;it is a pity;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形如:

▲ It’s important…类

这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that 句型如:

It is impossible that he should go home 他不可能会回家去

▲ It’s a pity…类

It is a pity that she should fare so badly 她竟吃得这么差,真可怜

▲ It’s desired…类

这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc ) that句型如:

It is requested that a vote be taken 建议付诸表决

12、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation ,suggestion, idea,plan,order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形如:

Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go. 我们的建议是你应该第一个去

13、 在 lest ,for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

在 lest ,for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should+动词原形, should 可以省略

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友

为方便记忆,表格对比

使用虚拟语气的主要句型 谓语动词的虚拟形式 例句

表现在的虚拟条件句 从句:用动词过去(be 多用were ) 1 If I were you, I should study English

2 I would certainly go if I had time

主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形

表过去的虚拟条件句 从句:had + PP 1 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test

2 If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train

主句:would/should/could/might +have + PP

表将来的虚拟条件句 从句:①用动词过去②should +V原③(were +to do ) 1 If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off

2 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting

主句:would/should/could/might +have + PP

省略 if 的条件句 从句:用倒装形式,即把were,had等置于句首(并只限were/ had)

主句:根据虚拟的情况采取与从句相应的形式 1 Were I in school again(= If I were in school again, I would work harder)

2 Were it not for the rain, (不能说Weren’t it for the rain, ) I would go swimming

错综时间条件句(从句与主句所表示时间不一致) 根据从句与主句表示的不同时进行调整 1If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now

2 If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly

含蓄条件句(虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文之中,从句不表现出来)(常见有but for“要不是” without等) 根据句子表达的实际情况选用相应的虚拟条件句中的主句的动词形式 1Without air, there would be no living things

2I would have given you more help, but I was busy now

名词性从句中的虚拟语气

wish, “可惜……”“……就好了”,“悔不该……”“但愿……” wish后从句:与表各种时间的虚拟条件句中的从句动词形式基本相同

具体:1,表与现在不能实现的愿望,从句用“过去时,be 用were”

2表与过去不能实现的愿望,从句用“had+PP 或 could/would +have +PP“

3 表与将来不能实现的愿望,从句用“could/would +动词原形”

1I wish I were a bird

2 I wish I had known the answer

would rather 后的宾语从句 would rather后从句:动词常用过去式 1 I would rather they came tomorrow

demand, insist,suggest, command, order, require, request, desire等一类动词后的宾语从句

(suggest表“暗示、隐含等”insist表“强调,力言等”不用虚拟语气) 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省 1 I suggest you (should)go at once

2 He suggested that he patient’s leg should be cut and this suggested that he was not good at the case(注意两个suggest的准确翻译)

“It is (was)+上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词(或important,natural,strange ,necessary等形容词)”后的主语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省 1 It ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 am

2 It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once

order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省 His demand is that we (should )finish the work in 3 hours

特殊形式的虚拟语气

as if 引导的从句(表示非真实时)但表真实时,不用虚拟语气 与虚拟语气条件中从句动词形式基本相同 1Tom speaks as if he were a girl

2He looks as if he had been to Beijing

so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 May/might/should +V原 I live so that others may live better

It is (the very/high)time that后的定语从句 从句谓语动词常用过去式,有时也可用should+动词原形 It is (high)time that we went (should go) to bed

It is time that I were leaving

省去主句的If only(要是……就好了)虚拟条件句 与wish后的宾语从句谓语形式相同 If only I hadn’t lost the chance!

(= I wish I hadn’t lost the chance)

某些表祝愿的句子 常用原形或“May+动词原形” Long live world peace!

May you be happy1

表委婉客气的是常语句 情态动词的过去式+动词原形 Could I borrow your bike

Would you please give me a hand

虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:

一、与现在事实相反

连接词 条件从句 结果从句

If 1动词过去式(或were)

2助动词(过去式)+动词原形 Should

Would +动词原形

could

might

If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall

If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately

二与将来事实相反

连接词 条件从句 结果从句

If 1 should+动词原形

2 动词过去式

3、were to+动词原形 Should

Would +动词原形

could r/>might

If you should lose, what would you do

If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth

If you went there next time, you would see what I mean

三、与过去事实相反

连接词 条件从句 结果从句

If had+过去分词 Should

Would + have+过去分词

could

might

If I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country

四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

省掉if的条件从句结构:

Had you asked me, I would have told you (=If you had asked me,…)

2有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:

A true friend would not do such a thing

(=If he were a true friend, he)

(=If there were no water,…)

(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)

3 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now

If I were you, I would have gone home

五、虚拟语气的其他用法

1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:

suggest, advise, recommend, demand,

require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形

devide, ask, move, propose等

注意:在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可

He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking

上述动词的名词形式出现时,that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气

He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking

如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气

He insists that he is right

2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:

imperative, advisable, 动词完成式

It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that…(should) +

essential, strange,等 动词原形

It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders

It is right that you should have done your homework

3、wish的用法

动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反

主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反

助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反

I wish I were a pop singer (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer)

I wish I had never stopped teaching (=I am sorry I stopped teaching)

I wish they’d let us get some sleep

注意:wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气试比较:

(1) We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come)

(2) We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming)

4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如:

He acts as if nothing had happened

I would rather you didn’t tell him

5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如:

It’s time (that) you had a hair cut

It’s high time (that) we took some action

以上就是关于虚拟化有哪些应用全部的内容,包括:虚拟化有哪些应用、英语语法虚拟语气,It is high time that+主语+did(谓语) 是虚拟吧、虚拟语气的各种用法等相关内容解答,如果想了解更多相关内容,可以关注我们,你们的支持是我们更新的动力!

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