留学生在参考文献的列举,或者可以说是陈列方面有比较多的标注方法,常见的有五种:Harvard
referencing
system哈佛文献标记系统;CMS:Chicago
Manual
of
Style(CMS)芝加哥写作和文献标注系统;APA
Style:American
Psychological
Association美国心理学会写作和文献标记办法;AMA:American
Medical
Association美国医学会文献标注系统;MLA:现代语言学会写作和文献标注系统。但是最常用的就是前两种,今天来说一下哈佛文献的注释格式吧!
哈佛文献注释体系起源于美国,经过几十年的发展已经成为一种国际性的学术规范,具备了灵活、简洁、清楚的特点,对作者和读者来说都较为方便。它也叫做作者-日期法,每一个引文,无论是直接还是间接都应该分别在两处注明——在文中引用处注明,在全书或是全文最后的参考书目处注明。
1、在文中引用处注释。当作者姓名在句子中自然出现,给出作者姓和出版年份,将出版年份在小括号内;当作者姓名不在句子中自然出现时,姓和出版年份都放在括号内;被引用的作者在同一年出现了两部以上著作或发表了两篇以上的炉温,用小写字母abc加以区别,放在年份后面;如果被引用著作有两位作者,要讲两位作者的姓同时给出等。
2、在全书(文)后参考书目处注释。所有参考书目以作者姓名的字母顺序排列,一个作者有多本著作时,则按年份先后排列顺序,一个作者一年内有多本著作出版或论文发表,在年份后按月份先后加小写字母abc等加以区别。这样排列的好处是:只有一个按字母顺序排列的参考书目,便于读者查阅;整个文档不需要脚注;便于修改,即使是最后一刻要删去或增加某条注释,可随时增删,不需要重新排序;每个注释只在参考书目中出现一次,而无论它在文中被引用过几次。
在学习和工作的日常里,大家都不可避免地会接触到论文吧,论文可以推广经验,交流认识。你写论文时总是无从下笔?下面是我帮大家整理的外文参考文献的写法论文,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。不同的参考文献,引用和标注的格式要求是不一样的,特别是对于英文参考文献来说,格式不对,很容易影响整篇论文的质量和查重率,下面是我整理的外文参考文献的写法,欢迎大家阅览。
外文参考文献的写法 篇1单一作者著作的书籍:
姓,名字首字母(年) 书名(斜体) 出版社所在城市:出版社
Sheril, R D (1956) The terrifying future: Contemplating color television San Diego: Halstead
两位作者以上合著的书籍:
姓,名字首字母, & 姓,名字首字母(年) 书名(斜体) 出版社所在城市:出版社 Smith, J, & Peter, Q (1992) Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press 文集中的文章:
Mcdonalds, A (1993) Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities In G L Yeager (Ed), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp 42–64) London: OtherWorld Books 期刊中的文章(非连续页码):
Crackton, P (1987) The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37
期刊中的文章(连续页码):
姓,名字首字母(年) 题目 期刊名(斜体) 第几期,页码
Rottweiler, F T, & Beauchemin, J L (1987) Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146
月刊杂志中的文章:
Henry, W A, III (1990, April 9) Making the grade in today's schools Time, 135, 28-31
外文参考文献的写法 篇2[1] Andrea H Creating ‘buzz’:opportunities and limitations of social media for arts institutions and their viral marketing, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,2012; 17(3), 173-182
[2] Andreas M K,Michael HaenleinTwo hearts in three-quarter time: How to waltz the social media/viral marketing danceBusiness horizons,2011,54(3),253-263
[3] Angela D,David T Controlled infection! Spreading the brand message through viral marketing Business Horizons 2005,3(48)143-149,
[4] Bowman D,Narayandas D Managing customerinitiated contacts with manufacturers: The impact on share of category requirements and word-of-mouth behavior Journal of Marketing Research, 2001,38(3),281-297
[5] Brown J J, Reingen P H Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior The Journal of Consumer Research, 1987,14(3),350—362,
[6] Carmen C Social and attitudinal determinants of viral marketing dynamics Computers in Human Behavior,2011,27(6),2292-2300
[7] Douglas RMedia Virus New York;Ballantine Books,1994,3-16
[8] Ennew C,Banerjee A Li DManaging Word of mouth communication: empirical evidenceInternational Journal of Bank Marketing, 2000,18(2)75-83
[9] Goldenberg J,Libai B, Muller E Talk of the network: A complex systems look at the underlying process of word-of-mouth Marketing Letters, 2001, 3(12)211-223
[10] Hinz, 01iver,SkieraSeeding Strategies for Viral Marketing: An Empirical Comparison Journal of Marketing,2011,75(6),55-72,
[11] Ho Jason YC, Dempseyvral marketing: Motivations to forward online contentournal of Business Research2010,63(9-10), 1000-1006
[12] Hoedemaekers, CasperViral marketing and imaginary ethics, or the joke that goes too far Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society,2011,16(2),162-178
[13] Jinshuang L Scalable Influence Maximization in Social Networks Using theCommunity Discovery Algorithm Genetic and Evolutionary Computing(1CGEC), 2012 Sixth International Conference on20128(25),284-287
[14] Judith C Dina M The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviewsJournal of Marketing Research2006 43(3)345-356
[15] Jure L, Lada A A, Bernardo A H The dynamics of viral marketing In ACMconference on Electronic Commerce,2006,pages 228-237
[16] Joseph E ,Regina LViral Marketing or Electronic Word-of-Mouth Advertising:Examining Consumer Responses and Motivations to Pass Along Email Journalof Advertising Research,2004,12(44),333-348
[17] Lucy HViral Marketing: Share index is measure of a viral's success,MarketingWeek,2010,5(4),24-32
[18] M J S"Game Plan For Viral Marketing Meetings and Conventions,2010,45(6),41-53
[19] Malcolm G The Tipping Point New York: Little,Brown and Company,2000,5-20
[20] Mani R S,Balaji R Knowledge-sharing and influence in online social networksvia viral marketing Communications of the ACM, 2003,46(12),300—307
[21] Matt HThe art of buzz; Viral marketing agency knows how to get a lot ofattention National Post,2011,FP4
[22] McConnell, Michael'Viral' marketing's power - and time torenewSnips,2011,80(6),5-20
[23] Michalski, Radoslaw J Negative Effects of Incentivised Viral Campaigns for Activity in Social Networks Cloud and Green Computing(CGC)2012,11(1-3),391-398
[24] Palka, WolfgangMobile word-of-mouth - A grounded theory of mobile viralmarketing Information Technology Journal,200924(2), 172-185
[25] Pandit S,Yang YMaximizing Information Spread through Influence Structuresin Social Networks Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), 2012 IEEE 12thInternational Conference on 2012,12(10),258-265
[26] Raei H A New Algorithm for Positive Influence Dominating Set in SocialNetworks Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (AS ON AM), 2012IEEE/ACM International Conference on2012,8(26),253-257
[27] Ralph FW The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing 2005-02-01
[28] Scott, David M The New Rules of Marketing and PR: How to Use NewsReleases, Blogs, Podcasting,Viral Marketing and Online Media to Reach BuyersDirectly, John Wiley & Scons2011,41-101
[29] Sabrina H Viral marketing-establishing customer relationships by 'word-of-mouse' Electronic Markets,2000,10(3),158-161
[30] Shapiro,Michael J Building Buzz:How Viral Marketing Promotes MeetiongsMeetings and Conventions,201045(6)36-42
[31] Watts D, Peretti J Viral marketing for the Real Word Harvard BusinessReview,2007,10(1),22-23
[32] Wonyeol L CT-IC: Continuously Activated and Time-Restricted Independent Cascade Model for Viral Marketing Data Mining (ICDM),2012 IEEE 12thInternational Conference on 2012,12(10),960-965
外文参考文献的写法 篇3一、论文正文引用之处用圆括号作夹注,基本格式为“(作者,发表年份)”,同时将该引文详细信息列明在参考文献内。夹注中包含多篇文献时,各作者之间用分号隔开。
二、参考文献类型以字母方式标识:期刊J,专著M,报纸N,学位论文D,论文集C,报告R,标准S,专利P,数据库DB,计算机程序CP,电子公告EB。
三、电子文献的载体类型采用双字母表示:磁带MT,磁盘DK,光盘CD,联机网络OL。以纸张为载体的传统文献在引用时不必注明其载体类型。
四、参考文献列于文末,以“参考文献:”作为标志,先中文后外文,中文按照拼音前若干字母在字母表中的顺序排列;英文按单词前若干字母在字母表中的顺序排列。参考文献请标明序号,用数字加方括号表示,如“[1][2][3]”。
五、对于文献有多位作者的`,只标明前三位作者,以“,”分隔,从第四位开始用“等”或者“et al”代替。
六、外文参考文献格式与中文参考文献相同,标题的首字母及各个实词的首字母大写。
七、各类参考文献条目的具体编排格式及示例如下:
1期刊:
[序号]作者.文章标题[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.
[1]刘明辉,张宜霞.内部控制的经济学思考[J].会计研究,2002,(8):51-53.
[1] KANAMORI H.Shaking without Quaking[J]Science,2002,15(1):12-17
2专著:
[序号]著者.书名[M].出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.
[2]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1996:15-18.
[2]JONES R M Mechanics of Composite Materials[M]New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1975
3报纸:
[序号]作者.文章标题[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).
[3]陈毓圭.修订完善审计准则 保持持续全面国际趋同[N].上海证券报,2010-9-20(10).
[3]GUO Ai-bing Auto Show Revs up Customers' Desire[N]China Daily,2002-06-07(1)
4学位论文:
[序号]作者.文章标题[D].地点:单位,年.
[4]朱刚新型流体有限元法及叶轮机械正反混合问题[D].北京:清华大学,1996.
[4]Sun MA Study of Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamics in Ground Effect[D].Princeton:Princeton University,1983.
5论文集析出文献:
[序号]作者.文章标题[C]//编者.文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.
[5]张佑才繁荣会计理论研究促进会计事业发展[C]//中国会计学会.1996年会计学论文集.北京:中国财政经济出版社,1997:537-548.
[5]Hunninghaks G W,Gadek J B,Szapiel S V,et al.The Human Alveolar Macrophage[C]//Harris C C.Cultured Human Cells and Issues in Biomedical Research.New York:Academic Press,1980:54-56
6电子文献:
对于非纸张型载体的电子文献,当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型标志中同时标明其载体类型[文献类型标志/载体类型标志],如“[J/OL]”。对于载体为“OL”的文献,还应标明发表或更新日期(加圆括号,有出版年的文献可不选此项)、引用日期和网址。
[序号]作者.文章标题[文献类型标志/载体类型标志].(发表或更新日期)[引用日期].网址.
[6]王军振奋精神 潜心研究 大力推进会计理论研究的繁荣与发展[R/OL](2005-01-08)[2006-11-12] >
1、利用CNKI(中国知网 )导出参考文献,这种方法仅限于中文参考文献,英文文献见法二,首先百度CNKI(或中国知网)进入中国知网,将引用的参考文献的题目输入并点击检索。在搜索结果中勾上你要找的文献,点击“导出/参考文献”。在出现的页面上再次勾上并点击“导出/参考文献”。在文献输出页面你可以直接拉选参考文献右击复制或点击上面的“复制到剪贴板 ”然后在word里进行粘贴即可。
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