《MysqL应用使用use index优化SQL查询的详细介绍》要点:
本文介绍了MysqL应用使用use index优化SQL查询的详细介绍,希望对您有用。如果有疑问,可以联系我们。
先看一下arena_match_index的表结构,大家注意表的索引结构
MysqL入门
CREATE table `arena_match_index` (
`tID` int(10) unsigned NOT NulL DEFAulT '0',
`mID` int(10) unsigned NOT NulL DEFAulT '0',
`group` int(10) unsigned NOT NulL DEFAulT '0',
`round` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NulL DEFAulT '0',
`day` date NOT NulL DEFAulT '0000-00-00',
`begintime` datetime NOT NulL DEFAulT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
UNIQUE KEY `tm` (`tID`,`mID`),
KEY `mID` (`mID`),
KEY `begintime` (`begintime`),
KEY `dg` (`day`,`group`),
KEY `td` (`tID`,`day`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAulT CHARSET=utf8
接着看下面的sql:
代码如下:
SELECT round FROM arena_match_index WHERE `day` = '2010-12-31' AND `group` = 18 AND `begintime` < '2010-12-31 12:14:28' order by begintime liMIT 1;
这条sql的查询条件显示可能使用的索引有`begintime`和`dg`,但是由于使用了order by begintime排序MysqL最后选择使用`begintime`索引,explain的结果为:
代码如下:
MysqL> explain SELECT round FROM arena_match_index WHERE `day` = '2010-12-31' AND `group` = 18 AND `begintime` < '2010-12-31 12:14:28' order by begintime liMIT 1;
+----+-------------+-------------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
| ID | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | arena_match_index | range | begintime,dg |<STRONG> </STRONG>begintime<STRONG> </STRONG>| 8 | NulL | 226480 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
explain的结果显示使用`begintime`索引要扫描22w条记录,这样的查询性能是非常糟糕的,实际的执行情况也是初次执行(还未有缓存数据时)时需要30秒以上的时间.
实际上这个查询使用`dg`联合索引的性能更好,因为同一天同一个小组内也就几十场比赛,因此应该优先使用`dg`索引定位到匹配的数据集合再进行排序,那么如何告诉MysqL使用指定索引呢?使用use index语句:
MysqL入门
MysqL> explain SELECT round FROM arena_match_index use index (dg) WHERE `day` = '2010-12-31' AND `group` = 18 AND `begintime` < '2010-12-31 12:14:28' order by begintime liMIT 1;
+----+-------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------------+
| ID | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | arena_match_index | ref | dg | dg | 7 | const,const | 757 | Using where; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------------+
explain结果显示使用`dg`联合索引只需要扫描757条数据,性能直接提升了上百倍,实际的执行情况也是几乎立即就返回了查询结果.
在最初的查询语句中只要把order by begintime去掉,MysqL就会使用`dg`索引了,再次印证了order by会影响MysqL的索引选择策略!
MysqL入门
MysqL> explain SELECT round FROM arena_match_index WHERE `day` = '2010-12-31' AND `group` = 18 AND `begintime` < '2010-12-31 12:14:28' liMIT 1;
+----+-------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------------+------+-------------+
| ID | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | arena_match_index | ref | begintime,dg | dg | 7 | const,const | 717 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------------+------+-------------+
通过上面的例子说MysqL有时候也并不聪明,并非总能做出最优选择,还是需要我们开发者对它进行“调教”!
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