一、基础
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二、提升
1、说明:复制表(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access可用) 法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1 法二:select top 0 * into b from a 2、说明:拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b) (Access可用) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b; 3、说明:跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用) insert into b(a,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件 例子:..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"data.mdb" &"' where.. 4、说明:子查询(表名1:a 表名2:b) select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,c from a where a IN (1,2,3) 5、说明:显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间 select a.Title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.Title=a.Title) b 6、说明:外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b) select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a left OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c 7、说明:在线视图查询(表名1:a ) select * from (SELECT a,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1; 8、说明:between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括 select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2 select a,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2 9、说明:in 的使用方法 select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’) 10、说明:两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息 delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.fIEld1=table2.fIEld1 ) 11、说明:四表联查问题: select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where ..... 12、说明:日程安排提前五分钟提醒 sql: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5 13、说明:一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页 select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段 14、说明:前10条记录 select top 10 * form table1 where 范围 15、说明:选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.) select a,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b) 16、说明:包括所有在 tableA 中但不在 tableB和tableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表 (select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC) 17、说明:随机取出10条数据 select top 10 * from tablename order by newID() 18、说明:随机选择记录 select newID() 19、说明:删除重复记录 Delete from tablename where ID not in (select max(ID) from tablename group by col1,col2,...) 20、说明:列出数据库里所有的表名 select name from sysobjects where type='U' 21、说明:列出表里的所有的 select name from syscolumns where ID=object_ID('tablename') 22、说明:列示type、vender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select 中的case。 select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type 显示结果: type vender pcs 电脑 A 1 电脑 A 1 光盘 B 2 光盘 A 2 手机 B 3 手机 C 3 23、说明:初始化表table1 TruncATE table table1 24、说明:选择从10到15的记录 select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by ID asc) table_别名 order by ID desc 三、技巧 1、1=1,1=2的使用,在SQL语句组合时用的较多 “where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选, 如: if @strWhere !='' begin set @strsql = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblname + '] where ' + @strWhere end else begin set @strsql = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblname + ']' end 我们可以直接写成 set @strsql = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblname + '] where 1=1 安定 '+ @strWhere 2、收缩数据库 --重建索引 DBCC REINDEX DBCC INDEXDEFRAG --收缩数据和日志 DBCC SHRINKDB DBCC SHRINKfile 3、压缩数据库 dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname) 4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限 exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname' go 5、检查备份集 RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:dvbbs.bak' 6、修复数据库 ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER GO DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK GO ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MulTI_USER GO 7、日志清除 SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @Logicalfilename sysname, @MaxMinutes INT, @NewSize INT USE tablename -- 要 *** 作的数据库名 SELECT @Logicalfilename = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名 @MaxMinutes = 10, -- limit on time allowed to wrap log. @NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M) -- Setup / initialize DECLARE @OriginalSize int SELECT @OriginalSize = size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @Logicalfilename SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB' FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @Logicalfilename CREATE table DummyTrans (DummyColumn char (8000) not null) DECLARE @Counter INT, @StartTime DATETIME, @TruncLog VARCHAR(255) SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(), @TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TruncATE_ONLY' DBCC SHRINKfile (@Logicalfilename, @NewSize) EXEC (@TruncLog) -- Wrap the log if necessary. WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @Logicalfilename) AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize BEGIN -- Outer loop. SELECT @Counter = 0 WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000)) BEGIN -- update INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log') DELETE DummyTrans SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1 END EXEC (@TruncLog) END SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB' FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @Logicalfilename DROP table DummyTrans SET NOCOUNT OFF 8、说明:更改某个表 exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo' 9、存储更改全部表 CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch @oldOwner as NVARCHAR(128), @NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128) AS DECLARE @name as NVARCHAR(128) DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128) DECLARE @Ownername as NVARCHAR(128) DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR select 'name' = name, 'Owner' = user_name(uID) from sysobjects where user_name(uID)=@oldOwner order by name OPEN curObject FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @name, @Owner WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0) BEGIN if @Owner=@oldOwner begin set @Ownername = @oldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@name) exec sp_changeobjectowner @Ownername, @NewOwner end -- select @name,@NewOwner,@oldOwner FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @name, @Owner END close curObject deallocate curObject GO 10、sql SERVER中直接循环写入数据 declare @i int set @i=1 while @i<30 begin insert into test (userID) values(@i) set @i=@i+1 end 小记存储过程中经常用到的本周,本月,本年函数 Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,getdate()),-1) Dateadd(wk,6) Dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,0) Dateadd(ms,-3,dateadd(mm,datediff(m,getdate())+1,0)) Dateadd(yy,datediff(yy,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy, 0)) 上面的sql代码只是一个时间段 Dateadd(wk,6) 就是表示本周时间段. 下面的sql的条件部分,就是查询时间段在本周范围内的: Where Time BETWEEN Dateadd(wk,-1) AND Dateadd(wk,6) 而在存储过程中 select @begintime = Dateadd(wk,-1) select @endtime = Dateadd(wk,6) 最后,再补充一些: 分组group 常用于统计时,如分组查总数: select gender,count(sno) from students group by gender (查看男女学生各有多少) 注意:从哪种角度分组就从哪列"group by" 对于多重分组,只需将分组规则罗列。比如查询各届各专业的男女同学人数 ,那么分组规则有:届别(grade)、专业(mno)和性别(gender),所以有"group by grade, mno, gender" select grade, gender, count(*) from students group by grade, gender 通常group还和having联用,比如查询1门课以上不及格的学生,则按学号(sno)分类有: select sno,count(*) from grades where mark<60 group by sno having count(*)>1 6.UNION联合 合并查询结果,如: SELECT * FROM students WHERE name like ‘张%’ UNION [ALL] SELECT * FROM students WHERE name like ‘李%’ 7.多表查询 a.内连接 select g.sno,s.name,c.coursename from grades g JOIN students s ON g.sno=s.sno JOIN courses c ON g.cno=c.cno (注意可以引用别名) b.外连接 b1.左连接 select courses.cno,max(coursename),count(sno) from courses left JOIN grades ON courses.cno=grades.cno group by courses.cno 左连接特点:显示全部左边表中的所有项目,即使其中有些项中的数据未填写完全。 左外连接返回那些存在于左表而右表中却没有的行,再加上内连接的行。 b2.右连接 与左连接类似 b3.全连接 select sno,name,major from students FulL JOIN majors ON students.mno=majors.mno 两边表中的内容全部显示 c.自身连接 select c1.cno,c1.coursename,c1.pno,c2.coursename from courses c1,courses c2 where c1.pno=c2.cno 采用别名解决问题。 d.交叉连接 select lastname+firstname from lastname CROSS JOIN firstanme 相当于做笛卡儿积 总结以上是内存溢出为你收集整理的sqlserver 数据库查询技巧全部内容,希望文章能够帮你解决sqlserver 数据库查询技巧所遇到的程序开发问题。
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