| 结构定义 |
| CREATE table | 创建新表。 语法：
| sql-command::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] table table-name (
column-def [,column-def]*
[,constraint]*
) | | sql-command::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] table [database-name.] table-name AS select-statement | | column-def::= | name [type] [[CONSTRAINT name] column-constraint]* | | type::= | typename |
typename ( number ) |
typename ( number,number ) | | column-constraint::= | NOT NulL [ conflict-clause ] |
PRIMARY KEY [sort-order] [ conflict-clause ] |
UNIQUE [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] |
DEFAulT value |
ColLATE collation-name | | constraint::= | PRIMARY KEY ( column-List ) [ conflict-clause ] |
UNIQUE ( column-List ) [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] | | conflict-clause::= | ON CONFliCT conflict-algorithm | |
| CREATE VIEW | 创建一个视图（虚拟表），该表以另一种方式表示一个或多个表中的数据。 语法：
| sql-command::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW [database-name.] vIEw-name AS select-statement |
例子：
CREATE VIEW master_vIEw AS
SELECT * FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='vIEw';
说明：
创建一个名为master_vIEw的视图，其中包括sqlite_master这个表中的所有视图表。 |
| CREATE TRIGGER | 创建触发器，触发器是一种特殊的存储过程，在用户试图对指定的表执行指定的数据修改语句时自动执行。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name [ BEFORE | AFTER ]
database-event ON [database-name .] table-name
trigger-action | | sql-statement::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name INSTEAD OF
database-event ON [database-name .] vIEw-name
trigger-action | | database-event::= | DELETE |
INSERT |
UPDATE |
UPDATE OF column-List | | trigger-action::= | [ FOR EACH ROW | FOR EACH STATEMENT ] [ WHEN Expression ]
BEGIN
trigger-step ; [ trigger-step ; ]*
END | | trigger-step::= | update-statement | insert-statement |
delete-statement | select-statement | 例子：
CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address UPDATE OF address ON customers
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name;
END;
说明：
创建了一个名为update_customer_address的触发器，当用户更新customers表中的address字段时，将触发并更新orders表中的address字段为新的值。
比如执行如下一条语句：
UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE name = 'Jack Jones';
数据库将自动执行如下语句：
UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones'; |
| CREATE INDEX | 为给定表或视图创建索引。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX index-name
ON [database-name .] table-name ( column-name [,column-name]* )
[ ON CONFliCT conflict-algorithm ] | | column-name::= | name [ ColLATE collation-name] [ ASC | DESC ] | 例子：
CREATE INDEXIDx_email ON customers (email);
说明：
为customers表中的email创建一个名为IDx_email的字段。 |
| 结构删除 |
| DROP table | 删除表定义及该表的所有索引。 语法：
| sql-command::= | DROP table [database-name.] table-name | 例子：
DROP table customers; |
| DROP VIEW | 删除一个视图。 语法：
| sql-command::= | DROP VIEW vIEw-name | 例子：
DROP VIEW master_vIEw; |
| DROP TRIGGER | 删除一个触发器。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | DROP TRIGGER [database-name .] trigger-name | 例子：
DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address; |
| DROP INDEX | 删除一个索引。 语法：
| sql-command::= | DROP INDEX [database-name .] index-name | 例子：
DROP INDEX IDx_email; |
| 数据 *** 作 |
| INSERT | 将新行插入到表。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-List)] VALUES(value-List) |
INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-List)] select-statement | |
| UPDATE | 更新表中的现有数据。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | UPDATE [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name
SET assignment [,assignment]*
[WHERE expr] | | assignment::= | column-name = expr | |
| DELETE | 从表中删除行。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | DELETE FROM [database-name .] table-name [WHERE expr] | |
| SELECT | 从表中检索数据。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | SELECT [ALL | disTINCT] result [FROM table-List]
[WHERE expr]
[GROUP BY expr-List]
[HAVING expr]
[compound-op select]*
[ORDER BY sort-expr-List]
[liMIT integer [( OFFSET |,) integer]] | | result::= | result-column [,result-column]* | | result-column::= | * | table-name . * | expr [ [AS] string ] | | table-List::= | table [join-op table join-args]* | | table::= | table-name [AS alias] |
( select ) [AS alias] | | join-op::= | ,| [NATURAL] [left | RIGHT | FulL] [OUTER | INNER | CROSS] JOIN | | join-args::= | [ON expr] [USING ( ID-List )] | | sort-expr-List::= | expr [sort-order] [,expr [sort-order]]* | | sort-order::= | [ ColLATE collation-name ] [ ASC | DESC ] | | compound_op::= | UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT | |
| REPLACE | 类似INSERT 语法：
| sql-statement::= | REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-List )] VALUES ( value-List ) |
REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-List )] select-statement | |
| 事务处理 |
| BEGIN TRANSACTION | 标记一个事务的起始点。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | BEGIN [TRANSACTION [name]] | |
| END TRANSACTION | 标记一个事务的终止。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | END [TRANSACTION [name]] | |
| COMMIT TRANSACTION | 标志一个事务的结束。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | COMMIT [TRANSACTION [name]] | |
| RolLBACK TRANSACTION | 将事务回滚到事务的起点。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | RolLBACK [TRANSACTION [name]] | |
| 其他 *** 作 |
| copY | 主要用于导入大量的数据。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | copY [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name FROM filename
[ USING DEliMITERS delim ] | 例子：
copYcustomers FROM customers.csv; |
| EXPLAIN | 语法：
| sql-statement::= | EXPLAIN sql-statement | |
| PRAGMA | 语法：
| sql-statement::= | PRAGMA name [= value] |
PRAGMA function(arg) | |
| VACUUM | 语法：
| sql-statement::= | VACUUM [index-or-table-name] | |
| ATTACH DATABASE | 附加一个数据库到当前的数据库连接。 语法：
| sql-statement::= | ATTACH [DATABASE] database-filename AS database-name | |
| DETTACH DATABASE | 从当前的数据库分离一个使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的数据库。 语法：
| sql-command::= | DETACH [DATABASE] database-name | |
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