OS 环境:CentOS 6.2数据库 :Postgresql 9.1.3pg_home=/home/postgres/pg_data=/database/pgdata/
一、前期工作既要恢复,肯定是需要一个备份基础的,否则再怎么的巧妇也难为无米之炊。
1.修改数据库参数,修改postgresql.conf:
archive_mode = onarchive_timeout = 300 --单位是秒,此处以5分钟为限强制归档,仅作测试archive_command = 'cp -i %p /home/postgres/archive/%f'wal_level = archive
修改完重启下reload,DB
2.基于文件级别的持续备份,
a.基础备份
postgres=# select pg_start_backup('backup_2012_05_20_14:22:10');
b.打包备份pg_data
# cd /database
# tar -cvzf pgdata.tar ./pgdata
c.结束基础备份并切换归档
postgres=# select pg_stop_backup();postgres=# select pg_switch_xlog(); pg_switch_xlog ---------------- 0/C000020(1 row)postgres=# select pg_current_xlog_location(); pg_current_xlog_location -------------------------- 0/C000020(1 row)postgres=# create table test_1(ID int,name varchar(50));postgres=# insert into test_1 values (1,'kenyon');INSERT 0 1
此时在pg_data路径下会产生一个label,可以查看内容有checkpoint时间,基础备份的开始和结束时间,以及标签名称等。因为之前已经设置了archive的三个参数,可以在archive的备份路径pg_home/archive下看到归档的文件会定时传过来。
二、恢复过程
停数据库
# pg_stop
假定数据库的崩溃场景,将pgdata数据删除
# rm -rf /database/pgdata
恢复之前备份的tar文件
# tar xvf pgdata.tar
删除pg_xlog文件夹并重建
# rm -rf pg_xlog # mkdir -p pg_xlog/archive_status
拷贝recovery.conf文件并修改
# cp $PG_HOME/recovery.conf.sample /database/pgdata/
# vi /database/pgdata/recovery.conf
--新增内容,指定恢复文件和路径,%f,%p见上面说明
restore_command = 'cp /home/postgres/archive/%f "%p"'
启动数据库
# pg_start[postgres@localhost archive]$ psqlspsql (9.1.3)Type "help" for help.postgres=# select * from test_1; ID | name ----+-------- 1 | kenyon(1 rows)--恢复成功,会恢复到之前接收到的最后一个归档文件。另外recovery.conf会改名变成recovery.done
日志内容:
LOG: shutting downLOG: database system is shut downLOG: database system was interrupted; last kNown up at 2012-05-20 22:23:15 CSTLOG: starting archive recoveryLOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000002" from archiveLOG: redo starts at 0/8000078LOG: consistent recovery state reached at 0/C000000LOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000003" from archiveLOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000004" from archiveLOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000005" from archiveLOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000006" from archiveLOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000007" from archivecp: cannot stat `/home/postgres/archive/000000010000000000000008': No such file or directoryLOG: Could not open file "pg_xlog/000000010000000000000008" (log file 0,segment 8): No such file or directoryLOG: redo done at 0/1C000078LOG: last completed transaction was at log time 2012-05-20 23:01:22.960591+08LOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000007" from archivecp: cannot stat `/home/postgres/archive/00000002.history': No such file or directoryLOG: selected new timeline ID: 2cp: cannot stat `/home/postgres/archive/00000001.history': No such file or directoryLOG: archive recovery completeLOG: database system is ready to accept connectionsLOG: autovacuum launcher started
PS:若要恢复到指定时间,还需要再recovery.conf中设置recovrey_target_time,recovery_target_timeline等参数
总结:pitr技术对于7*24小时支撑是至关重要的,但是如果数据库非常小,增大pg_dump备份的频率可能更方便,但对于大数据库就需要了。
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