oracle中怎么重建控制文件或是修改控制文件参数

oracle中怎么重建控制文件或是修改控制文件参数,第1张

环境:

OS:Red Hat Linux As 5

DB:10.2.0.4

在全部控制文件丢失或损坏,而且没有备份的情况下,可以使用重建控制文件的办法打开数据库.以下模拟所有的控制文件丢失的情况下重建控制文件.

1.备份控制文件(数据库mount或是open状态)

SQL>select status from v$instance

STATUS

------------

OPEN

SQL>alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u01/ftp/bak_controlfile'

2.删除控制文件

[oracle@hxl oracl]$ rm control01.ctl

rm: remove regular file `control01.ctl'? y

[oracle@hxl oracl]$ rm control02.ctl

rm: remove regular file `control02.ctl'? y

[oracle@hxl oracl]$ rm control03.ctl

rm: remove regular file `control03.ctl'? y

3.关闭数据库后尝试打开数据库

SQL>shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 734003200 bytes

Fixed Size 1221564 bytes

Variable Size 218106948 bytes

Database Buffers 511705088 bytes

Redo Buffers2969600 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

这个时候数据无法打开,以为我们已经删除了控制文件.

4.查看备份控制文件的内容

[oracle@hxl ftp]$ more bak_controlfile

-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related

-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf

--

-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="oracl"

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=2

-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL

-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch

-- FAL_CLIENT=''

-- FAL_SERVER=''

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_10=ENABLE

--

-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new

-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens

-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if

-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second

-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used

-- if online logs are unavailable.

-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into

-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a

-- need to re-create the control file.

--

-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case

--

-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it

-- to open the database.

-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.

-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline

-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are

-- available.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL

-- statement will place the database in the appropriate

-- protection mode:

-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORACL" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table

-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on

-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to

-- re-create incarnation records.

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'

-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,

-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.

RECOVER DATABASE

-- All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL

-- Database can now be opened normally.

ALTER DATABASE OPEN

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.

-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.

-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20971520 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M

-- End of tempfile additions.

--

-- Set #2. RESETLOGS case

--

-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it

-- to open the database.

-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.

-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will

-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL

-- statement will place the database in the appropriate

-- protection mode:

-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORACL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table

-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on

-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to

-- re-create incarnation records.

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACL/archivelog/2012_06_12/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'

-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,

-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.

RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.

ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.

-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.

-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20971520 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M

-- End of tempfile additions.

--

5.从备份控制文件中提取我们需要的部分,这里我们选择RESETLOGS,将如下内容保存文件为

create_confile.sql

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORACL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

6.执行create_confile.sql

SQL>set sqlblanklines on -- 因为文件中有空行,需要将该选项打开,否则执行的时候报语法错误

SQL>@/u01/ftp/create_confile.sql

SQL>alter database open resetlogs

Database altered.

说明:

重建控制文件后,若备份信息是存储在控制文件的,该信息会丢失.

甲骨文(Oracle)面试题目 这也许是你一直期待的文章,在关注这部分 技术 问题的同时,请务必阅读有关 面试 中有关

个人的问题和解答。这里的回答并不是十分全面,这些问题可以通过多个角度来进行解释

,也许你不必在面试过程中给出完全详尽的答案,只需要通过你的解答使面试考官了解你

对ORACLE概念的熟悉程度。

1.解释冷备份和热备份的不同点以及各自的优点

解答:热备份针对归档模式的数据库,在数据库仍旧处于工作状态时进行备份。而冷

备份指在数据库关闭后,进行备份,适用于所有模式的数据库。热备份的优点在于当备份

时,数据库仍旧可以被使用并且可以将数据库恢复到任意一个 时间 点。冷备份的优点在于

它的备份和恢复 *** 作相当简单,并且由于冷备份的数据库可以工作在非归档模式下,数据库

性能会比归档模式稍好。(因为不必将archive log写入硬盘)

2.你必须利用备份恢复数据库,但是你没有控制文件,该如何解决问题呢?

解答:重建控制文件,用带backup control file 子句的recover 命令恢复数据库。

3.如何转换init.ora到spfile?

解答:使用create spfile from pfile 命令.

4.解释data block , extent 和 segment的区别(这里建议用英文术语)

解答:data block是数据库中最小的逻辑存储单元。当数据库的对象需要更多的物理

存储空间时,连续的data block就组成了extent . 一个数据库对象拥有的所有extents被

称为该对象的segment.

5.给出两个检查表结构的`方法

解答:1.DESCRIBE命令

 2.DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL 包

6.怎样查看数据库引擎的报错

解答:alert log.

7.比较truncate和delete 命令

解答:两者都可以用来删除表中所有的记录。区别在于:truncate是DDL *** 作,它移动

HWK,不需要rollback segment .而Delete是DML *** 作, 需要rollback segment 且花费较长

时间.

8.使用索引的理由

解答:快速访问表中的data block

9.给出在STAR SCHEMA中的两种表及它们分别含有的数据

解答:Fact tables 和dimension tables. fact table包含大量的主要的信息而dime

nsion tables 存放对fact table 某些属性描述的信息

10.FACT Table上需要建立何种索引?

解答:位图索引 (bitmap index)

11. 给出两种相关约束?

解答:主键和外键

12. 如何在不影响子表的前提下,重建一个母表

解答:子表的外键强制实效,重建母表,激活外键

13. 解释归档和非归档模式之间的不同和它们各自的优缺点

解答:归档模式是指你可以备份所有的数据库 transactions并恢复到任意一个时间点

。非归档模式则相反,不能恢复到任意一个时间点。但是非归档模式可以带来数据库性能

上的少许提高.

14. 如何建立一个备份控制文件?

解答:Alter database backup control file to trace.

15. 给出数据库正常启动所 经历 的几种状态 ?

解答:STARTUP NOMOUNT – 数据库实例启动

 STARTUP MOUNT - 数据库装载

 STARTUP OPEN – 数据库打开

16. 哪个column可以用来区别V$视图和GV$视图?

解答:INST_ID 指明集群环境中具体的 某个instance 。

17. 如何生成explain plan?

解答:运行utlxplan.sql. 建立plan 表

 针对特定SQL语句,使用 explain plan set statement_id = 'tst1' into pl

an_table ,运行utlxplp.sql 或 utlxpls.sql察看explain plan

18. 如何增加buffer cache的命中率?

解答:在数据库较繁忙时,适用buffer cache advisory 工具,查询v$db_cache_adv

ice.如果有必要更改,可以使用 alter system set db_cache_size 命令

19. ORA-01555的应对方法?

解答:具体的出错信息是snapshot too old within rollback seg , 通常可以通过增

大rollback seg来解决问题。当然也需要察看一下具体造成错误的SQL文本

20. 解释$ORACLE_HOME和$ORACLE_BASE的区别?

解答:ORACLE_BASE是oracle的根目录,ORACLE_HOME是oracle产品的目录。

关于这个问题,要看损坏的是什么文件,以ORACLE数据库为例1控制文件,每个数据库默认有三个控制文件内容一样(比如CTRL01.DBF,CTRL02.DBF,CTRL03.DBF),损坏其中两个,只需把好的那个拷贝成另外两个的名称即可。如果所有控制文件都坏了,需要启动实例到nomount状态重建控制文件,前提是之前最好做过alterdatabasebackupcontrolfiletotrace会得到一个重建控制文件的脚本2在线日志(redolog),如果每个日志组(group)的member(成员)不止一个,同一组内的在线日志只要有一个完好,同样可以通过拷贝方式(停止数据库后)恢复。3TEMP表空间数据文件,可以理解为数据库用的临时文件,损坏后基本无数据损失,可以通过重建temp表空间恢复4.SYSTEM系统表空间,这个挂了基本上必须靠恢复了,前提是要有备份4.其它数据表空间4.1.有备份,可以恢复,但可能丢失数据4.2.未备份,无法恢复该表空间数据,可以选择使该表空间离线(offline),恢复其它数据


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