谁给个关于锁的历史及发展的英文介绍啊，急用，不要中

LockHistory

AbriefhistoryoflocksinAmerica

Ineventheearliestbuildings,lockswereusedtoprotectpossessionsAgreatmanyofthemconsistedofjustawoodenbarmountedonironbracketsTheonlythingthathasnotchangedoverthecenturiesisthatwhateveryoulockup,someoneelsewilltrytoopenThisiswellillustratedbytheepitaphonaNewEnglandheadstone

Anancientlocksmithdiedoflate,anddidarriveatHeaven'sgate;Hestoodwithout,andwouldn'tknock,becausehemeanttopickthatlock!

Duringtheperiodofthe18thand19thcenturymanytechnicaldevelopmentsweremadeinthelockingmechanismsthataddedtothesecurityofcommonlockingdevicesItwasduringthisperiodthatAmericachangedformimportingdoorhardwaretomanufacturingitandevenexportingsomeNewapplicationsforcastiron,brassandclaycompletelychangedtheappearanceofthelocksthatcouldbeboughtThedevelopmentthroughtheyearsoflockingdeviceswascarriedoutbyhundredsofindividualsallovertheworldToputAmerica'slocksatareasonablepriceyoumustonlyrealizethattheChinesehad,incommonusebeforetheyear1000,astrong,smalllock,operatedbyarelativelyeasytocarrykeyIntheyearsbeforedynamitewasdiscoveredin1867,thekeywaseverythingWithoutthekeyathiefhadlittlehopeofopeningalockedstrongboxordoorForthisreasontheshapeofakeyaswellasnumberofwardscutintoitwerevariedtomeettheneedsofthematerialbeingprotectedBlacksmithsintheColoniesmademanylocks,aswellastheirotherproductsTheycouldnotkeepupwiththedemandforlocksasthecountryexpandedeventhoughsomespecializedinjustlockmakingThesemenwereknownasWhitesmithsastheyfiledandpolishedtheirproducts,unliketheblacksmithwholeftthesurfacemuchasitcamefromforgeLockmakingrequiredtheskillscommontotheBlacksmithpluslatheturning,springtempering,rivetandscrewmaking,precisefittingandholepunchingSometimesinthesameshop,brasscastingwasdonefortheknobsandescutcheonsthatwereusedTheFirstAmericanironworkswaserectedatSagus,Massin1646BrassFoundriesandIronfurnaces,astheywerecalled,suchasHopewell,IsabellaandWarwickFurnaceallnearourbusinessinChesterCountyPennsylvaniaproducedamultitudeofcommonandspecializedproductsButliketheWhitesmith,thedemandwasgreaterthattheycouldmeetItisforthesereasonsthatissafetoassumethatover80%oftheIronlocksandmorethat90%oftheBrassLocksusedinthiscountrybefore1800wereimported

MoldedEdgelocksproducedinEnglandwerepopularwithpeopleofmeansfortheirmaindoorsthroughthelate1700'sbothhereinAmericaandinEnglandJustastheDutch,German,Swedish,EnglishandFrenchcarpentersbuilthousesofatypethattheyknewintheirhomeland,sodidthelocksmithcreatelocksthatwerefamiliartohim

TheplatelatchisbasedonanEnglishpatternTherearemanydifferentlatchesdesignedbydifferentcountries,eachoneunusualinit'sownrightTheDutchelbowlatch,theMoravianlatch,theFrenchmortisedlockswithleverhandlesofbrassandmanymoreIronlocks,thumblatches,barlatches,keylocks,stocklocks,Carpenterpatentlocksandotherdeviceswereusedingreatquantity

OnCarpenterlocks,theywerewidelyusedintheEastandSouthandtheywereallmadeinEnglandThelatchingbarthatliftedthroughabrassrimmedkeeperisthepatenteddesignandthepatentwasissuedin1820

Inalltherewereabout20companiesproducingtheselocks,underlicense,fromCarpenterToconfusethehistoriansthatliketohaveclearcutdatesoneverything,accordingtothenotedParestorationarchitect,GEdwimBrumbaugh,thehouseatPottstown,PAknownasPottsgroveMansionwasfittedwithCarpenterLockswhenitwasbuiltinthe1750'sItisstrangetonotethatthislockascommonasitisinthiscountry,is,asfarasweknow,completelyabsentinEnglandCoulditbethattheywereallmadeforexport

Ifadatewererequiredtobesetfortheendingofhandcraftsmanshipinlocks,Iwoulduse1840ThiscorrespondstothebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutioninthiscountry,andisfollowedcloselybymassproductionIn1831,FrederickTStanleyestablishedthefirstfactoryforthemanufactureof,notthemakingof,locksinNewBritainConnOthershadatthattime,produceditemssuchaslocks,hinges,bells,utensils,nails,screws,andallthehundredsofthingsthatarehardtofindtodayMrStanley'sshopwassetuponlytomakedoorlocksIntheyearstofollowtheStanleyname,FrederickorhiscousinsWilliamandHenry,wereassociatedwithothernowfamousAmericanlockmakers,includingSethNorthofNorthandStanley;HenryRusselofRusselandErwinandPhilipCorbinofP&FCorbin

Between1840and1900patentswereissuedbythehundredstothesemenandothersforimprovementsoflockingdevicesordecorativetrimTheleaderinthedecorativehardwarefield,knownthenascompressionbronze,wasRussellandErwinOneofthemostnoticeabledevelopmentsoftheperiodwasthewidelyusedMineralknobinWhite,BenningtonbrownandBlackTheseknobswerepatentedbyJohnPepperin1851MrCorneliusErwinofRussellandErwinhelpedhimform"TheMineralKnobCompany"toproducetheseknobsTheseknobswereusedonthousandsoflocks

Corbindevelopedtheunitlock,whichwasinstalledbycuttinganotchintheedgeofthedoor,slidingtheunititandfasteningthetrimonbothsidesIn1833,JABlakepatentedthegrandfatheronthetubularlockoftodayThiswasinstalledbydrillingonlytwoholesintothedoor

WalterRSchlageofSanFranciscowasawarded11patentsforthedevelopmentofthetubularlockMrLinusYale,hissonandemployeesaddedtotheproblemsofwouldbethieveswiththenon-endingstreamofimprovedbanklocksthattheymade

MrSamuelSegal,formerNewYorkCitypoliceman,iscreditedforthefirstjimmyprooflocks,andhasover25patentstoprovethathedidn'tstopwhenhebuiltthefirstonein1916

2

Alockorwaterlockisanenclosed,rectangularchamberwithgatesateachend,withinwhichwaterisraisedorloweredtoallowboatsorshipstoovercomedifferencesinwaterlevelLockshaveahistoryofover2,000years,andalthoughtheyaremostoftenusedbyboatsoncanals,theyalsoareusedtotransportmassiveshipsbetweenseas

Alllocksoperateonthesimplebuoyancyprinciplethatanyvessel,nomatterwhatsize,willfloatatopalargeenoughvolumeofwaterByraisingorloweringthelevelofabodyofwater,thevesselitselfgoesupordownaccordinglyLocksareusedtoconnecttwobodiesofwaterthatareatdifferentgroundlevelsaswellasto"walk"avesselupordownariver'smoreturbulentpartsThisisdonebyaseriesofconnectingor"stair-case"locksLockscontributedsignificantlytotheIndustrialRevolution(periodbeginningaboutthemiddleoftheeighteenthcenturyduringwhichhumansbegantousesteamenginesasamajorsourceofpower)bymakingpossibletheinterconnectionofcanalsandrivers,thusbroadeningcommerceTheystillplayamajorroleintoday'sindustrialsociety

History

TheancestorofthemodernlockistheflashlockItoriginatedinChinaandisbelievedtohavebeenusedasearlyas50BCTheflashlockwasanavigablegapinamasonrydamthatcouldbeopenedorclosedbyasinglewoodengateOpeningthegateveryquicklywouldreleaseasuddensurgeofwaterthatwassupposedtoassistavesseldownstreamthroughshallowwaterThiswasoftenverydangerousUsingtheflashlocktogoupstreamwasusuallysafebutextremelyslowsincethegapinthedamwasusedtowinchordragavesselthrough

Atsomefuturedate,asecondgatewasaddedtotheflashlock,thusgivingbirthtothepoundlockThefirstknownexampleofapoundlock(whosedualgates"impound"orcapturethewater)wasinChinainAD984Itconsistedoftwoflashlocksabout250feet(76meters)apartByraisingorloweringguillotineorup-and-downgatesateachend,waterwascapturedorreleasedThespacebetweenthetwogatesthusactedasanequalizingchamberthatelevatedorloweredavesseltomeetthenextwaterlevelThisnewmethodwasentirelycontrollableandhadnoneofthehazardsandsurgesoftheoldflashlock

ShipsintheMirafloreslocksonthePanamaCanal(Reproducedbypermissionof

PhotoResearchers,Inc

)

ThefirstpoundlockinEuropewasbuiltatVreeswijk,theNetherlands,in1373LikeitsChineseancestor,italsohadguillotinegatesThepoundlocksystemspreadquicklythroughoutEuropeduringthenextcentury,butwaseventuallyreplacedbyanimprovedsystemthatformedthebasisofthemodernlocksystemDuringthefifteenthcentury,ItalianartistandscientistLeonardodaVinci(1452–1519)devisedanimprovedformofpoundlockwhosegatesformedaV-shapewhenclosedIn1487,LeonardobuiltsixlockswithgatesofthistypeThesegatesturnedonhinges,likedoors,andwhenclosedtheyformedaV-shapepointingupstream—thusgivingthemtheirnameofmitergatesOnegreatadvantageofmitergateswasthattheywereself-sealingfromthepressureoftheupsteamwater

Constructionandoperation

Theearliestlockswerebuiltentirelyofwood,withstoneandthenbrickbecomingstandardmaterialsThegatesthemselveswerealwayswooden,withsomelastingaslongas50yearsFillingoremptyingtheseearlylockswasoftenaccomplishedbyhand-operatedsluicesorfloodgatesbuiltinthegatesOnlaterandlargerlocks,itwasfoundthatconduitsorculvertsbuiltintothelockwallitselfwerenotonlymoreefficientbutletthewaterenterinasmoother,morecontrolledmannerNearlyalllocksoperateinthefollowingmanner:(1)Avesselgoingdownstreamtoshallowerwaterentersalockwiththefrontgateclosed(2)ThereargateisthenclosedandthewaterlevelinthelockisloweredbyopeningavalveThevesselgoesdownasthewaterescapes(3)Whenthewaterlevelinsidethelockisaslowasthatdownstream,thefrontgateisopenedandthevesselcontinuesonitswayTogoupstream,theprocessisreversed,withthewaterlevelbeingraisedinsidethelockWhattheoperatorsalwaysstriveforistofilloremptythelockinthefastesttimepossiblewithaminimumofturbulence

Inmodernlocks,concreteandsteelhavereplacedwoodandbrick,andhydraulicpowerorelectricityisusedtoopenandclosethegatesandsidesluicesMovablegatesarethemostimportantpartofalock,andtheymustbestrongenoughtowithstandthewaterpressurearisingfromtheoftengreatdifferenceinwaterlevelsTheyaremostlyavariationofLeonardo'smitergates,exceptnowtheyusuallyaredesignedtobestoredinsidethelock'swallrecesses

ProbablythebestknownlocksintheworldarethoseusedinthePanamaCanal—themost-usedcanalintheworldCompletedin1914,thePanamaCanalisaninteroceanicwaterway51miles(82kilometers)longthatconnectstheAtlanticandPacificOceansthroughtheIsthmusofPanamaIthasthreemajorsetsoflocks,eachofwhichisbuiltintandemtoallowvesselstomoveineitherdirection,likeaseparated,twowaystreetEachlockgatehastwoleaves,65feet(20meters)wideby7feet(2meter)thick,setonhingesThegatesrangeinheightfrom47to82feet(14to25meters)andarepoweredbylargemotorsbuiltinthelockwallsThechambersare1,000feet(305meters)long,110feet(34meters)wide,and41feet(13meters)deepMostlargevesselsaretowedthroughthelocksAswithalllockstoday,theyareoperatedfromacontroltowerusingvisualsignalsandradiocommunications

　1、知网学位论文检测为整篇上传，格式对检测结果可能会造成影响，需要将最终交稿格式提交检测，将影响降到最小，此影响为几十字的小段可能检测不出。对于3万字符以上文字较多的论文是可以忽略的。对比数据库为：中国学术期刊网络出版总库，中国博士学位论文全文数据库/中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库，国重要会议论文全文数据库，中国重要报纸全文数据库，中国专利全文数据库，个人比对库，其他比对库。部分书籍不在知网库，检测不到。

2、上传论文后，系统会自动检测该论文的章节信息，如果有自动生成的目录信息，那么系统会将论文按章节分段检测，否则会自动分段检测。

3、有部分同学反映说自己在段落中明明引用或者抄袭了其他文献的段落或句子，为什么没有检测出来，这是正常的。中国知网对该套检测系统的灵敏度设置了一个阀值，该阀值为5%，以段落计，低于5%的抄袭或引用是检测不出来的，这种情况常见于大段落中的小句或者小概念。举个例子：假如检测段落1有10000字，那么引用单篇文献500字以下，是不会被检测出来的。实际上这里也告诉同学们一个修改的方法，就是对段落抄袭千万不要选一篇文章来引用，尽可能多的选择多篇文献，一篇截取几句，这样是不会被检测出来的。

4、一篇论文的抄袭怎么才会被检测出来？知网论文检测的条件是连续13个字相似或抄袭都会被红字标注，但是必须满足3里面的前提条件：即你所引用或抄袭的A文献文字总和在你的各个检测段落中要达到5%。

1

Lock History

A brief history of locks in America

In even the earliest buildings, locks were used to protect possessions A great many of them consisted of just a wooden bar mounted on iron brackets The only thing that has not changed over the centuries is that whatever you lock up, someone else will try to open This is well illustrated by the epitaph on a New England headstone

An ancient locksmith died of late, and did arrive at Heaven's gate; He stood without, and wouldn't knock, because he meant to pick that lock!

During the period of the 18th and 19th century many technical developments were made in the locking mechanisms that added to the security of common locking devices It was during this period that America changed form importing door hardware to manufacturing it and even exporting some New applications for cast iron, brass and clay completely changed the appearance of the locks that could be bought The development through the years of locking devices was carried out by hundreds of individuals all over the world To put America's locks at a reasonable price you must only realize that the Chinese had, in common use before the year 1000, a strong, small lock, operated by a relatively easy to carry key In the years before dynamite was discovered in 1867, the key was everything Without the key a thief had little hope of opening a locked strongbox or door For this reason the shape of a key as well as number of wards cut into it were varied to meet the needs of the material being protected Blacksmiths in the Colonies made many locks, as well as their other products They could not keep up with the demand for locks as the country expanded even though some specialized in just lockmaking These men were known as Whitesmiths as they filed and polished their products, unlike the blacksmith who left the surface much as it came from forge Lockmaking required the skills common to the Blacksmith plus lathe turning, spring tempering, rivet and screw making, precise fitting and hole punching Sometimes in the same shop, brass casting was done for the knobs and escutcheons that were used The First American iron works was erected at Sagus, Mass in 1646 Brass Foundries and Iron furnaces, as they were called, such as Hopewell, Isabella and Warwick Furnace all near our business in Chester County Pennsylvania produced a multitude of common and specialized products But like the Whitesmith, the demand was greater that they could meet It is for these reasons that is safe to assume that over 80% of the Iron locks and more that 90% of the Brass Locks used in this country before 1800 were imported

Molded Edge locks produced in England were popular with people of means for their main doors through the late 1700's both here in America and in England Just as the Dutch, German, Swedish, English and French carpenters built houses of a type that they knew in their homeland, so did the locksmith create locks that were familiar to him

The plate latch is based on an English pattern There are many different latches designed by different countries, each one unusual in it's own right The Dutch elbow latch, the Moravian latch, the French mortised locks with lever handles of brass and many more Iron locks, thumb latches, bar latches, key locks, stock locks, Carpenter patent locks and other devices were used in great quantity

On Carpenter locks, they were widely used in the East and South and they were all made in England The latching bar that lifted through a brass rimmed keeper is the patented design and the patent was issued in 1820

In all there were about 20 companies producing these locks, under license, from Carpenter To confuse the historians that like to have clear cut dates on everything, according to the noted Pa restoration architect, G Edwim Brumbaugh, the house at Pottstown, PA known as Pottsgrove Mansion was fitted with Carpenter Locks when it was built in the 1750's It is strange to note that this lock as common as it is in this country, is, as far as we know, completely absent in England Could it be that they were all made for export

If a date were required to be set for the ending of handcraftsmanship in locks, I would use 1840 This corresponds to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in this country, and is followed closely by mass production In 1831, Frederick T Stanley established the first factory for the manufacture of, not the making of, locks in New Britain Conn Others had at that time, produced items such as locks, hinges, bells, utensils, nails, screws, and all the hundreds of things that are hard to find today Mr Stanley's shop was set up only to make door locks In the years to follow the Stanley name, Frederick or his cousins William and Henry, were associated with other now famous American lockmakers, including Seth North of North and Stanley; Henry Russel of Russel and Erwin and Philip Corbin of P&F Corbin

Between 1840 and 1900 patents were issued by the hundreds to these men and others for improvements of locking devices or decorative trim The leader in the decorative hardware field, known then as compression bronze, was Russell and Erwin One of the most noticeable developments of the period was the widely used Mineral knob in White, Bennington brown and Black These knobs were patented by John Pepper in 1851 Mr Cornelius Erwin of Russell and Erwin helped him form "The Mineral Knob Company" to produce these knobs These knobs were used on thousands of locks

Corbin developed the unit lock, which was installed by cutting a notch in the edge of the door, sliding the unit it and fastening the trim on both sides In 1833, JA Blake patented the grandfather on the tubular lock of today This was installed by drilling only two holes into the door

Walter R Schlage of San Francisco was awarded 11 patents for the development of the tubular lock Mr Linus Yale, his son and employees added to the problems of would be thieves with the non-ending stream of improved bank locks that they made

Mr Samuel Segal, former New York City policeman, is credited for the first jimmy proof locks, and has over 25 patents to prove that he didn't stop when he built the first one in 1916

2

A lock or water lock is an enclosed, rectangular chamber with gates at each end, within which water is raised or lowered to allow boats or ships to overcome differences in water level Locks have a history of over 2,000 years, and although they are most often used by boats on canals, they also are used to transport massive ships between seas

All locks operate on the simple buoyancy principle that any vessel, no matter what size, will float atop a large enough volume of water By raising or lowering the level of a body of water, the vessel itself goes up or down accordingly Locks are used to connect two bodies of water that are at different ground levels as well as to "walk" a vessel up or down a river's more turbulent parts This is done by a series of connecting or "stair-case" locks Locks contributed significantly to the Industrial Revolution (period beginning about the middle of the eighteenth century during which humans began to use steam engines as a major source of power) by making possible the interconnection of canals and rivers, thus broadening commerce They still play a major role in today's industrial society

History

The ancestor of the modern lock is the flash lock It originated in China and is believed to have been used as early as 50 BC The flash lock was a navigable gap in a masonry dam that could be opened or closed by a single wooden gate Opening the gate very quickly would release a sudden surge of water that was supposed to assist a vessel downstream through shallow water This was often very dangerous Using the flash lock to go upstream was usually safe but extremely slow since the gap in the dam was used to winch or drag a vessel through

At some future date, a second gate was added to the flash lock, thus giving birth to the pound lock The first known example of a pound lock (whose dual gates "impound" or capture the water) was in China in AD 984 It consisted of two flash locks about 250 feet (76 meters) apart By raising or lowering guillotine or up-and-down gates at each end, water was captured or released The space between the two gates thus acted as an equalizing chamber that elevated or lowered a vessel to meet the next water level This new method was entirely controllable and had none of the hazards and surges of the old flash lock

Ships in the Miraflores locks on the Panama Canal (Reproduced by permission of

Photo Researchers, Inc

)

The first pound lock in Europe was built at Vreeswijk, the Netherlands, in 1373 Like its Chinese ancestor, it also had guillotine gates The pound lock system spread quickly throughout Europe during the next century, but was eventually replaced by an improved system that formed the basis of the modern lock system During the fifteenth century, Italian artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) devised an improved form of pound lock whose gates formed a V-shape when closed In 1487, Leonardo built six locks with gates of this type These gates turned on hinges, like doors, and when closed they formed a V-shape pointing upstream—thus giving them their name of miter gates One great advantage of miter gates was that they were self-sealing from the pressure of the upsteam water

Construction and operation

The earliest locks were built entirely of wood, with stone and then brick becoming standard materials The gates themselves were always wooden, with some lasting as long as 50 years Filling or emptying these early locks was often accomplished by hand-operated sluices or floodgates built in the gates On later and larger locks, it was found that conduits or culverts built into the lock wall itself were not only more efficient but let the water enter in a smoother, more controlled manner Nearly all locks operate in the following manner: (1) A vessel going downstream to shallower water enters a lock with the front gate closed (2) The rear gate is then closed and the water level in the lock is lowered by opening a valve The vessel goes down as the water escapes (3) When the water level inside the lock is as low as that downstream, the front gate is opened and the vessel continues on its way To go upstream, the process is reversed, with the water level being raised inside the lock What the operators always strive for is to fill or empty the lock in the fastest time possible with a minimum of turbulence

In modern locks, concrete and steel have replaced wood and brick, and hydraulic power or electricity is used to open and close the gates and side sluices Movable gates are the most important part of a lock, and they must be strong enough to withstand the water pressure arising from the often great difference in water levels They are mostly a variation of Leonardo's miter gates, except now they usually are designed to be stored inside the lock's wall recesses

Probably the best known locks in the world are those used in the Panama Canal—the most-used canal in the world Completed in 1914, the Panama Canal is an interoceanic waterway 51 miles (82 kilometers) long that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Isthmus of Panama It has three major sets of locks, each of which is built in tandem to allow vessels to move in either direction, like a separated, twoway street Each lock gate has two leaves, 65 feet (20 meters) wide by 7 feet (2 meter) thick, set on hinges The gates range in height from 47 to 82 feet (14 to 25 meters) and are powered by large motors built in the lock walls The chambers are 1,000 feet (305 meters) long, 110 feet (34 meters) wide, and 41 feet (13 meters) deep Most large vessels are towed through the locks As with all locks today, they are operated from a control tower using visual signals and radio communications

3

History

The ancestor of the modern lock is the flash lock, also called a navigation weir or stanch It originated in China and is believed to have been used as early as 50 BC The flash lock was a navigable gap in a masonry dam or weir that could be opened or closed by a single wooden gate Opening the gate or sluice very quickly would release a sudden surge of water that was supposed to assist a vessel downstream through shallow water This was often very dangerous Using the flash lock to go upstream was usually safe but extremely slow since the gap in the dam was used to winch or drag a vessel through

At some point, what now seems to be a very obvious improvement was made, and a second gate was added to the flash lock, thus giving birth to the pound lock The first known example of a pound lock (whose dual gates "impound" or capture the water) is in China in 984 AD Supposedly built by Chiao Wei-Yo on the West River section of the Grand Canal near Huai-yin, it consisted of two flash locks about 250 ft (762 m) apart By raising or lowering guillotine gates at each end, water was captured or released The space between the two gates thus acted as an equalizing chamber that elevated or lowered a vessel to meet the next water level This new method was entirely controllable and had none of the hazards and surges of the old flash lock

Although a primitive form of lock was used in Belgium as early as 1180, the first pound lock in Europe was built at Vreeswijk, Holland in 1373 Like its Chinese ancestor, it also had guillotine or up-and-down gates The pound lock system spread quickly throughout Europe during the next century and was eventually replaced by an improved system that formed the basis of the modern lock system During the fifteenth century, the multi-talented Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), served the Duke of Milan as engineer and devised an improved form of pound lock whose gates formed a V-shape when closed In 1487, da Vinci built six locks with gates of this type These gates turned on hinges, like doors, and when closed they formed a vee shape pointing upstream-thus giving them their name of miter gates Da Vinci realized that one great advantage of miter gates is that they were self-sealing by the pressure of the water (since they point upstream) Also when there is a difference in water level between one side and the other, the pressure holding the gates together is at its greatest Most of the great canals of Europe use locks In France, the Briare Canal, completed in 1642, included 40 locks, one series of which was a staircase of six locks that handled a fall of 65 ft (20 m) The famous Canal du Midi that leads to the Mediterranean was finished in 1692 and used 26 locks to surmount the 206-ft (61 m) difference from Garonne to Toulouse It then descended 620 ft (189 m) through 74 locks The first lock in England was built in 1566, but it was not until 1783 that a lock was completed in North America at Lake St Francis in Canada

4

The History Of Locks

Locksmithing is one of the oldest handicrafts known to civilized man Long before the great Pyramids were built, Locksmiths plied their trade in Egypt, Babylon, Assyria and China In fact, it may be said that the first key to be used by mankind was the branch of the tree, which the cavemen used to move aside the boulder that guarded the entrance to his cave In the ruins of ancient cities, archaeologists frequently uncover locking devices that protected the wealth of men who lived before the time of written history

Over forty centuries ago an Egyptian artist painted a fresco on an ancient temple, which showed a lock that was, then in use A similar lock was actually found in the ruins of a once sumptuous palace in a suburb of the biblical city of Nineveh This lock is said to be the oldest lock in existence

It is quite reasonable to suppose that the first barring of a door was done by means of a cross beam, either dropped into sockets of sliding in staples fixed on the door; and it is equally reasonable to suppose that if it slid, a vertical pin dropping into a hole through the staple and beam together, kept the beam in place If the beam was on the outside of the door, the locking pin must be hidden, and reached either through a hole in the beam, or else through a hole in the staple This is the kind of primitive lock as made by the Egyptians

They shortened the beam in a long bolt, and made it hollow for part of its length, so as to reach the pin hidden in beam and staple through the beam itself The key, which was pushed up the hollow, had pegs on it to match the pins, which held the bolt - for the one pin was now multiplied When the key was well home it was raised, and so its pegs lifted up the pins out of the way, leaving the bolt free Then the bolt was drawn back by the key; the pegs are the latter filling up and engaging with the holes until then filled by the pins It will be noticed that the shank of the key is the arm and the pegs are the fingers of the hand The dropping pins are the true tumblers The Egyptian lock was first described by Eton in his Survey of the Turkish Empire, 1798 Further information about it was given early in the 19th century by Denon, the Frenchman, who said that he had found the locks sculptured in one of the grand old temples of Karnac, which shows that the same kind of lock has served Egypt for 40 centuries Locks almost identical or with very little difference and still made of wood have been seen recently in Iraq and Zanzibar In another class of primitive locks, the pins were reached through a hole in the staple and not through the bolt There is good reason to believe they were once remarkably widespread They have seen comparatively recently in some parts of Scandinavia, in the Hebrides and Faroe Islands They have been observed also upon the West Coast of Africa and in the less frequented parts of certain Balkan States The hole in the

最后一篇没写下，地址在这里：

>

利用任务计划、批处理文件和ORACLE的EXP导出功能，可以根据日期自动生成ORACLE备份文件，大大方便了ORACLE数据备份。

建议一（做周备份并压缩为RAR）以下为ORACLE自动备份批处理文件内容，请配合任务计划实现：

例：

@ECHOOFF

SETBACKPATH=d:

ECHO准备备份数据库

REM7天一个循环

IFEXIST%BACKPATH%ONEGOTOONE

IFEXIST%BACKPATH%TWOGOTOTWO

IFEXIST%BACKPATH%THREEGOTOTHREE

IFEXIST%BACKPATH%FOURGOTOFOUR

IFEXIST%BACKPATH%FIVEGOTOFIVE

IFEXIST%BACKPATH%SIXGOTOSIX

IFEXIST%BACKPATH%SEVENGOTOSEVEN

ECHOE

:ONE

SETBACKPATH_FULL=%BACKPATH%ONE

REN%BACKPATH%ONETWO

GOTOBACK

:TWO

SETBACKPATH_FULL=%BACKPATH%TWO

REN%BACKPATH%TWOTHREE

GOTOBACK

:THREE

SETBACKPATH_FULL=%BACKPATH%THREE

REN%BACKPATH%THREEFOUR

GOTOBACK

:FOUR

SETBACKPATH_FULL=%BACKPATH%FOUR

REN%BACKPATH%FOURFIVE

GOTOBACK

:FIVE

SETBACKPATH_FULL=%BACKPATH%FIVE

REN%BACKPATH%FIVESIX

GOTOBACK

:SIX

SETBACKPATH_FULL=%BACKPATH%SIX

REN%BACKPATH%SIXSEVEN

GOTOBACK

:SEVEN

SETBACKPATH_FULL=%BACKPATH%SEVEN

REN%BACKPATH%SEVENONE

GOTOBACK

:BACK

EXPense/enseFILE=%BACKPATH_FULL%DMP

RARa%BACKPATH_FULL%rar%BACKPATH_FULL%DMP

DEL%BACKPATH_FULL%DMP

SETBACKPATH=

SETBACKPATH_FULL=

EXIT

说明：

文件名以星期来命名

备份后调用rar进行压缩

这样可以保存一个星期的历史数据

注意：需要把programfiles/winrar目录下的rarexe拷贝到系统system32目录下

建议二：

1，批处理文件backupbat

expsystem/managerfile=d:ackuporacleoracle%date:~0,10%dmpowner=systemlog=d:ackuporacleoracle%date:~0,10%log

将生成oracle2006-01-09dmp文件

expsystem/managerfile=d:ackuporacleoracle%date:~11,3%dmpowner=systemlog=d:ackuporacleoracle%date:~11,3%log

将生成oracle星期一dmp文件，则每周循环保留一个备份文件，共7个备份文件循环$date$日期参数可灵活运用。

请采纳我的问题　1、一个女生前一天晚上得到男朋友的订婚戒指，但竟没有一个同学注意到，令她忿忿不平。到下午大家坐着谈天的时候，她突然站起来大声说：“哎呀，这里真热呀，我看我还是把戒指脱下来吧。”2、女主人把女佣叫到面前问她：“你是否怀孕了？”“是啊！”女佣回道。“亏你还说得出口，你还没有结婚，难道不觉得害羞吗？”女主人再次训。“我为什么要害羞，女主人你自己不也怀孕了吗？”“可是我怀的是我丈夫的！”女主人生气地反驳。“我也是啊！”女佣高兴地附和。3、一个人骑摩托车喜欢反穿衣服，就是把口子在后面扣上，可以挡风。一天他酒后驾驶， 翻了，一头栽在路旁。警察赶到：警察甲：好严重的车祸。警察乙：是啊，脑袋都撞到后面去了。警察甲：嗯，还有呼吸，我们帮他把头转回来吧。警察乙：好一、二使劲，转回来了。警察甲：嗯，没有呼吸了4、在一条七拐八拐的乡村公路上，因为时常发生车祸，所以常常有一些鬼故事发生，有一天晚上，有一个出租车司机看见路边有一个长发披肩，身着白衣的女人向他招手，因为这个司机没有见过鬼，所以大胆的停下来让她上车了，这一路上,司机虽然不信有鬼，心里也毛毛的，所以时常从后视镜看后面的女人，开着开着，突然司机发现那个女人不见了！司机吓了一大跳，赶紧踩了一个刹车！只见那个女人满脸是血，表情狰狞。司机吓的牙直打颤。突然那女人开口了：“你会不会开车啊！我低头系个鞋带你突然一刹车我把鼻子都撞破了……”5、一个病人去看病，医生检查了他，皱着眉头说：“您病得太严重了，恐怕不会活多久了。” 病人：“求您告诉我我还能活多久？” 医生：“十……” 病人着急地问：“十什么？十年？？十个月？？？十天？？？？？” 医生：“十，九，八，七，六，五……”6、老师：“你能说一些18世纪科学家共同特点吗？”学生：“能，他们都死了。”7、犀粪蜣和蚊子谈恋爱，蜣问蚊子是做什么工作的，蚊子说：“护士，打针的。”蜣一拍大腿：“缘分呐，我是中药局搓药丸的…”8、一非洲人住在某一宾馆。夜半，起火，不明原因。非洲人见状顾不了那么许多，光着身子就跑出去了。消防员见状惊呼：“我的妈呀！都烧的糊了吧区的了还能跑那么快！”9、一个人想出国考察，但必须得到老总批准。于是他向老总请示，老总给了他一张字条，上面写着：“Go ahead”。 那人想：“Go ahead=前进，老总是批准了。”于是他开始打点行李。 一个同事见到了他问：“你在做什啊？？”他说：“我准备出国考察，老总批准了，给我写了‘Go ahead’。” 同事一见条就乐了：“咱们老总根本就没批准！！咱老总的英语水平你还不知道，他这是在说去个头！”10、牧师对买了他马和马车的农夫说：“这匹马只能听懂教会的语言，叫"感谢上帝"它就跑;叫"赞美上帝"它才停下。”农夫将信将疑，他试着喊了一声感谢上帝，那匹马立刻飞奔起来，越跑越快。一只跑到悬崖边上惊恐的农夫才想起让它停下来的口令“赞美上帝”。果然，马停下来了。死里逃生的农夫长出一口气：“感谢上帝………”我打了很久，请采纳1 the night before, a girl get boyfriend engagement ring, but no one noticed the classmate, make her antics You sit and chat in the afternoon, she suddenly stood up and shouted: \"oh, it's really hot in here, I think I'd better take off your ring\" 2, the mistress called the maid to ask her: \"are you pregnant\" \"Yes!\" The maid answered Export \"kui you still say, you are not married, don't you feel shy\" The hostess training again \"Why should I be shy, you don't the hostess also pregnant\" \"But I conceive is my husband!\" The hostess retorted angrily \"Me too!\" The maid happy to echo 3, a man riding a motorcycle like the dress, is to cut on the back, can the wind Drunk driving one day, he turned over, a planted on the road Police: police a: a good serious car accident Policeman b: yes, his head hit the back Po1: well, still breathing, let's help him turn his head back Po2: good One, two, turn back Policeman a: well, not breathing 4, turn in a curvy country road, because often in a car accident, so often have some ghost story, one night, there's a taxi driver saw the side of the road have a long hair shawls, dressed in a white woman waved to him, because the driver didn't see a ghost, so bold stopped to let her get on the bus, along the way, the driver doesn't believe in ghosts, the in the mind also maomao, so often the woman behind the rearview mirror to see, open open, the driver found the woman suddenly disappeared! The driver startled, hurriedly stepped on a brake! I saw the woman face is blood, grim expression The driver frighten of teeth chatter Suddenly the woman spoke: \"would you drive! I bow to fasten shoelaces are you smashed through a sudden brake my nose\" 5, a patient to see a doctor, the doctor examined him, frowning said: \"you too serious ill, I'm afraid I won't live much longer\" Patient: \"please tell me how long will I live\" Doctor: \"ten\" Patient anxiously asked: \"what Ten years Ten months Ten days\" Doctor: \"ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five\" 6, teacher: \"can you say some 18 th-century scientists common characteristics\" Student: \"yes, they are all dead\" 7, rhino poop Qiang and mosquito fall in love, Qiang asked a mosquito is to do what work, the mosquito said: \"nurse, give or take an injection\" Qiang a clap a thigh: \"the fate, I am a traditional Chinese medicine bureau rub pills\" 8, the africans live in a hotel In the midnight, a fire, unknown reason Before rushing so many africans, naked and ran out Firefighters said exclaimed: \"my mama ah! All paste the burned area can run so fast!\" 9, a person wants to go abroad, but it must be approved by boss So he to the manager for instructions, the boss gave him a note, it read: \"Go ahead\" The man thought, \"Go ahead = progress, boss is approved\" So he started to packing A colleague to see he asked: \"what are you doing\" He said: \"I'm ready to Go abroad investigation, boss approved, wrote me 'Go ahead'\" Colleague of joy at the sight of article: \"let's boss haven't approved!!!!! Our boss English don't you know, he is said to head!\" 10, priests to buy his horse and carriage of the farmer said, \"this horse can only understand the language of the church, call\" thank god \"it ran; called\" praise god \"it didn't stop\" Farmer track, he tried to thank god gave a cry, the horse gallop, immediately ran faster and faster A run to the edge of the cliff frightened farmer remembered that let it stop password \"praise god\" Sure enough, the horse stopped Close the farmer grows a sigh: \"thank god\"I played for a long time, please

有用，锁的是硬盘，换硬盘就好了。

《彩虹六号》（港台译作《虹彩六号》）（Rainbow Six）是育碧（Ubisoft）旗下的知名系列射击模拟游戏，拥有数代相应作品。其所属平台包括主机和手机客户端。同时游戏支持多人联机进行协作任务（Co-Op）或对抗。于1998年8月发行第一部作品。

《彩虹六号》游戏故事题材改编自已故著名军事小说家汤姆·克兰西（Tom Clancy）的同名小说，发行商育碧公司同时也获得了汤姆·克兰西对旗下所有军事游戏的独家冠名权。游戏描述和扮演的是一支名为“彩虹”的多国合作反恐特种部队，随着他们的视角执行各种相应的作战。

打击恐怖主义对世界的危害。“彩虹六号”这个名字本身根据原著小说的描述是“彩虹”小队的创立者约翰·克拉克（John Clark）的代号。

情节

本作的游戏情节讲述一群恐怖份子数次试图绑架遥感勘测以及火箭专家，并且借助这些科学家的力量开发大规模杀伤力武器。彩虹小队的任务就是阻止恐怖份子防止中东富油地区的潜在冲突。

除了战役模式外，《黑箭》中还将有一大批多人游戏选项，包括“夺取据点”和“夺旗”模式，以及那些在《彩虹六号3》中出现的模式。此外玩家在加入网络战斗前，玩家还可以在在线大厅中与其他玩家讨论作战策略。，以及分屏合作战斗等，最大地利用了xbox live的特点。

所有学长的论文不能参考，因为学校查重可以查到联合对比库，本科用的是pmlc可以检查到大学生论文联合对比库，就是本科学长论文库，研究生用的51或者tmlc可以检查到学术论文联合对比库，就是研究生学长论文库。参考学长的都可以查到。可以多参考一些书上的，因为学校查询不到书上的。同届的不包括，因为同届数据库还没有记录和收录。不要被老师发现就可以。大学生论文联合对比库是不对外开放的，在知网数据库找不到原文。只能知网查重过才能看到相似内容来源。知网你可以到图书馆查重，也可以到一些知网自助查重网站：PaperEasy，学术不端网，蚂蚁查重网等。全程自己 *** 作，也安全快速！

以上就是关于谁给个关于锁的历史及发展的英文介绍啊，急用，不要中全部的内容，包括:谁给个关于锁的历史及发展的英文介绍啊，急用，不要中、研究生毕业论文在知网上查重的话，都是参照哪几个数据库、谁给个关于锁的历史及发展的英文介绍啊！！急用！等相关内容解答，如果想了解更多相关内容，可以关注我们，你们的支持是我们更新的动力！