SQL查询语句大全（一）

Select --从数据库表中检索数据行和列

Insert --向数据库表添加新数据行

Delete --从数据库表中删除数据行

Update --更新数据库表中的数据

Create TABLE --创建一个数据库表

Drop TABLE --从数据库中删除表

Alter TABLE --修改数据库表结构

Create VIEW --创建一个视图

Drop VIEW --从数据库中删除视图

Create INDEX --为数据库表创建一个索引

Drop INDEX --从数据库中删除索引

Create PROCEDURE --创建一个存储过程

Drop PROCEDURE --从数据库中删除存储过程

Create TRIGGER --创建一个触发器

Drop TRIGGER --从数据库中删除触发器

Create SCHEMA --向数据库添加一个新模式

Drop SCHEMA --从数据库中删除一个模式

Create DOMAIN --创建一个数据值域

Alter DOMAIN --改变域定义

Drop DOMAIN --从数据库中删除一个域

GRANT --授予用户访问权限

DENY --拒绝用户访问

REVOKE --解除用户访问权限

COMMIT --结束当前事务

ROLLBACK --中止当前事务

SET TRANSACTION --定义当前事务数据访问特征

DECLARE --为查询设定游标

EXPLAN --为查询描述数据访问计划

OPEN --检索查询结果打开一个游标

FETCH --检索一行查询结果

CLOSE --关闭游标

PREPARE --为动态执行准备 SQL 语句

EXECUTE --动态地执行 SQL 语句

DESCRIBE --描述准备好的查询

declare @id char(10)

--set @id = '10010001'

select @id = '10010001'

---必须以@@开头

declare @x int @y int @z int

select @x = 1 @y = 2 @z=3

if @x >@y

print 'x >y' --打印字符串'x >y'

else if @y >@z

print 'y >z'

else print 'z >y'

use pangu

update employee

set e_wage =

case

when job_level = ’1’ then e_wage*1.08

when job_level = ’2’ then e_wage*1.07

when job_level = ’3’ then e_wage*1.06

else e_wage*1.05

end

declare @x int @y int @c int

select @x = 1 @y=1

while @x <3

begin

print @x --打印变量 x 的值

while @y <3

begin

select @c =100*@x+ @y

print @c --打印变量 c 的值

select @y = @y + 1

end

select @x = @x + 1

select @y = 1

end

--例 等待 1 小时 2 分零 3 秒后才执行 Select 语句

waitfor delay ’01:02:03’

select * from employee

--例 等到晚上 11 点零 8 分后才执行 Select 语句

waitfor time ’23:08:00’

select * from employee

select *(列名) from table_name(表名) where column_name operator value

ex:(宿主)

select * from stock_information where stockid = str(nid)

stockname = 'str_name'

stockname like '% find this %'

stockname like '[a-zA-Z]%' --------- ([]指定值的范围)

stockname like '[^F-M]%' --------- (^排除指定范围)

--------- 只能在使用 like 关键字的 where 子句中使用通配符)

or stockpath = 'stock_path'

or stocknumber <1000

and stockindex = 24

not stocksex = 'man'

stocknumber between 20 and 100

stocknumber in(10,20,30)

order by stockid desc(asc) --------- 排序，desc-降序，asc-升序

order by 1,2 --------- by 列号 stockname = (select stockname from stock_information where stockid = 4)

--------- 子查询

--------- 除非能确保内层 select 只返回一个行的值，

--------- 否则应在外层 where 子句中用一个 in 限定符

select distinct column_name form table_name --------- distinct 指定检索独有的列值，不重复

select stocknumber ,"stocknumber + 10" = stocknumber + 10 from table_name

select stockname , "stocknumber" = count(*) from table_name group by stockname

--------- group by 将表按行分组,指定列中有相同的值

having count(*) = 2 --------- having 选定指定的组

select *

from table1, table2

where table1.id *= table2.id -------- 左外部连接，table1 中有的而 table2 中没有得以 null 表示

table1.id =* table2.id -------- 右外部连接

select stockname from table1

union [all] ----- union 合并查询结果集，all-保留重复行

select stockname from table2

insert into table_name (Stock_name,Stock_number) value ("xxx","xxxx")

value (select Stockname , Stocknumber from Stock_table2)---value 为 select 语句

update table_name set Stockname = "xxx" [where Stockid = 3]

Stockname = default

Stockname = null

Stocknumber = Stockname + 4

delete from table_name where Stockid = 3

truncate table_name ----------- 删除表中所有行，仍保持表的完整性

drop table table_name --------------- 完全删除表

alter table database.owner.table_name add column_name char(2) null .....

sp_help table_name ---- 显示表已有特征

create table table_name (name char(20), age smallint, lname varchar(30))

insert into table_name select ......... ----- 实现删除列的方法（创建新表）

alter table table_name drop constraint Stockname_default ---- 删除 Stockname 的 default 约束

查询数据库里所有表名和字段名的语句

SQL 查询所有表名：

SELECT NAME FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE TYPE='U'

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

结构化查询语言(Structured Query Language)简称SQL，结构化查询语言是一种数据库查询和程序设计语言，用于存取数据以及查询、更新和管理关系数据库系统；

sql 语句就是对数据库进行 *** 作的一种语言。

扩展资料：

SQL语句常见语句：

1、更新：update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围；

2、查找：select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ （所有包含‘value1’这个模式的字符串）；

3、排序：select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]；

4、求和：select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1；

5、平均：select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1；

6、最大：select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1；

7、最小：select min(field1) as minvalue from table1[separator]。

参考资料来源：百度百科-sql语句

数据库常用sql语句有哪些

SQL语句有哪些？SQL语句无论是种类还是数量都是繁多的，很多语句也是经常要用到的，下文我为大家分享的就是SQL的常用语句，仅供参考！

50个常用的sql语句

Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表

Course(C#,Cname,T#) 课程表

SC(S#,C#,score) 成绩表

Teacher(T#,Tname) 教师表

问题：

1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号；

select a.S# from (select s#,score from SC where C#='001') a,(select s#,score

from SC where C#='002') b

where a.score>b.score and a.s#=b.s#

2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩；

select S#,avg(score)

from sc

group by S# having avg(score) >60

3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩；

select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score)

from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S#

group by Student.S#,Sname

4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数；

select count(distinct(Tname))

from Teacher

where Tname like '李%'

5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名；

select Student.S#,Student.Sname

from Student

where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平')

6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名；

select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#='001'and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#='002')

7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名；

select S#,Sname

from Student

where S# in (select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from Course,Teacher where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname='叶平'))

8、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名；

Select S#,Sname from (select Student.S#,Student.Sname,score ,(select score from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S#=Student.S# and SC_2.C#='002') score2

from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C#='001') S_2 where score2 <score

9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名；

select S#,Sname

from Student

where S# not in (select Student.S# from Student,SC where S.S#=SC.S# and score>60)

10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名；

select Student.S#,Student.Sname

from Student,SC

where Student.S#=SC.S# group by Student.S#,Student.Sname having count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course)

11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名；

select S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in select C# from SC where S#='1001'

12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名；

select distinct SC.S#,Sname

from Student,SC

where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in (select C# from SC where S#='001')

13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩；

update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score)

from SC SC_2

where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平')

14、查询和“1002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名；

select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#='1002')

group by S# having count(*)=(select count(*) from SC where S#='1002')

15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录；

Delect SC

from course ,Teacher

where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname='叶平'

16、向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号、2、

号课的平均成绩；

Insert SC select S#,'002',(Select avg(score)

from SC where C#='002') from Student where S# not in (Select S# from SC where C#='002')

17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩，按如下形式显示： 学生ID,,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分

SELECT S# as 学生ID

,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='004') AS 数据库

,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='001') AS 企业管理

,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='006') AS 英语

,COUNT(*) AS 有效课程数, AVG(t.score) AS 平均成绩

FROM SC AS t

GROUP BY S#

ORDER BY avg(t.score)

18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分

SELECT L.C# As 课程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分

FROM SC L ,SC AS R

WHERE L.C# = R.C# and

L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score)

FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM

WHERE L.C# = IL.C# and IM.S#=IL.S#

GROUP BY IL.C#)

AND

R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score)

FROM SC AS IR

WHERE R.C# = IR.C#

GROUP BY IR.C#

)

19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序

SELECT t.C# AS 课程号,max(course.Cname)AS 课程名,isnull(AVG(score),0) AS 平均成绩

,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) AS 及格百分数

FROM SC T,Course

where t.C#=course.C#

GROUP BY t.C#

ORDER BY 100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) DESC

20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用"1行"显示): 企业管理（001），马克思（002），OO&UML （003），数据库（004）

SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN C# ='001' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理平均分

,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理及格百分数

,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思平均分

,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思及格百分数

,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML平均分

,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML及格百分数

,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库平均分

,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库及格百分数

FROM SC

21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示

SELECT max(Z.T#) AS 教师ID,MAX(Z.Tname) AS 教师姓名,C.C# AS 课程ID,MAX(C.Cname) AS 课程名称,AVG(Score) AS 平均成绩

FROM SC AS T,Course AS C ,Teacher AS Z

where T.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Z.T#

GROUP BY C.C#

ORDER BY AVG(Score) DESC

22、查询如下课程成绩第 3 名到第 6 名的学生成绩单：企业管理（001），马克思（002），UML （003），数据库（004）

[学生ID],[学生姓名],企业管理,马克思,UML,数据库,平均成绩

SELECT DISTINCT top 3

SC.S# As 学生学号,

Student.Sname AS 学生姓名 ,

T1.score AS 企业管理,

T2.score AS 马克思,

T3.score AS UML,

T4.score AS 数据库,

ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) as 总分

FROM Student,SC LEFT JOIN SC AS T1

ON SC.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = '001'

LEFT JOIN SC AS T2

ON SC.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = '002'

LEFT JOIN SC AS T3

ON SC.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = '003'

LEFT JOIN SC AS T4

ON SC.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = '004'

WHERE student.S#=SC.S# and

ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)

NOT IN

(SELECT

DISTINCT

TOP 15 WITH TIES

ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)

FROM sc

LEFT JOIN sc AS T1

ON sc.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = 'k1'

LEFT JOIN sc AS T2

ON sc.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = 'k2'

LEFT JOIN sc AS T3

ON sc.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = 'k3'

LEFT JOIN sc AS T4

ON sc.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = 'k4'

ORDER BY ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) DESC)

23、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]

SELECT SC.C# as 课程ID, Cname as 课程名称

,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [100 - 85]

,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [85 - 70]

,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [70 - 60]

,SUM(CASE WHEN score <60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [60 -]

FROM SC,Course

where SC.C#=Course.C#

GROUP BY SC.C#,Cname

24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次

SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成绩)

FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成绩

FROM SC

GROUP BY S#

) AS T1

WHERE 平均成绩 >T2.平均成绩) as 名次,

S# as 学生学号,平均成绩

FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩

FROM SC

GROUP BY S#

) AS T2

ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc

25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)

SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数

FROM SC t1

WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score

FROM SC

WHERE t1.C#= C#

ORDER BY score DESC

)

ORDER BY t1.C#

26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数

select c#,count(S#) from sc group by C#

27、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名

select SC.S#,Student.Sname,count(C#) AS 选课数

from SC ,Student

where SC.S#=Student.S# group by SC.S# ,Student.Sname having count(C#)=1

28、查询男生、女生人数

Select count(Ssex) as 男生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='男'

Select count(Ssex) as 女生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='女'；

29、查询姓“张”的.学生名单

SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname like '张%'

30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数

select Sname,count(*) from Student group by Sname having count(*)>1

31、1981年出生的学生名单(注：Student表中Sage列的类型是datetime)

select Sname, CONVERT(char (11),DATEPART(year,Sage)) as age

from student

where CONVERT(char(11),DATEPART(year,Sage))='1981'

32、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列

Select C#,Avg(score) from SC group by C# order by Avg(score),C# DESC

33、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

select Sname,SC.S# ,avg(score)

from Student,SC

where Student.S#=SC.S# group by SC.S#,Sname having    avg(score)>85

34、查询课程名称为“数据库”，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数

Select Sname,isnull(score,0)

from Student,SC,Course

where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# and Course.Cname='数据库'and score <60

35、查询所有学生的选课情况；

SELECT SC.S#,SC.C#,Sname,Cname

FROM SC,Student,Course

where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C#

36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数；

SELECT distinct student.S#,student.Sname,SC.C#,SC.score

FROM student,Sc

WHERE SC.score>=70 AND SC.S#=student.S#

37、查询不及格的课程，并按课程号从大到小排列

select c# from sc where scor e <60 order by C#

38、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名；

select SC.S#,Student.Sname from SC,Student where SC.S#=Student.S# and Score>80 and C#='003'

39、求选了课程的学生人数

select count(*) from sc

40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩

select Student.Sname,score

from Student,SC,Course C,Teacher

where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' and SC.score=(select max(score)from SC where C#=C.C# )

41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数

select count(*) from sc group by C#

42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩

select distinct A.S#,B.score from SC A ,SC B where A.Score=B.Score and A.C# <>B.C#

43、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数

FROM SC t1

WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score

FROM SC

WHERE t1.C#= C#

ORDER BY score DESC

)

ORDER BY t1.C#

44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过10人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列

select C# as 课程号,count(*) as 人数

from sc

group by C#

order by count(*) desc,c#

45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

select S#

from sc

group by s#

having count(*) >= 2

46、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名

select C#,Cname

from Course

where C# in (select c# from sc group by c#)

47、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

select Sname from Student where S# not in (select S# from Course,Teacher,SC where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and SC.C#=course.C# and Tname='叶平')

48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩

select S#,avg(isnull(score,0)) from SC where S# in (select S# from SC where score <60 group by S# having count(*)>2)group by S#

49、检索“004”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号

select S# from SC where C#='004'and score <60 order by score desc

50、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩

delete from Sc where S#='001'and C#='001'

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