安装 oracle-validated RPM
本文其余部分将逐步介绍如何通过 Oracle 公共 yum 信息库在 Oracle Linux 上安装 oracle-validated 的过程。
以下是针对 Oracle Database 安装使用 oracle-validated 对系统进行预配置的步骤：
作为一个授权用户（如 root）检索配置信息库位置的文件：
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# wget public-yum.oracle/public-yum-el5.repo
使用文本编辑器修改该文件，将字段 enabled=0 更改为 enabled=1 以反映对应于该计算机 *** 作系统版本的信息库。
下面是 public-yum-el5.repo 的部分内容，以粗体显示更改过的行。
[ol5_u7_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever - U7 - $basearch - base
baseurl=public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL5/7/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-el5
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
[el5_addons]
name=Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - addons
baseurl=public-yum.oracle.com/repo/EnterpriseLinux/EL5/addons/$basearch/
gpgkey=public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-el5
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
因为目标系统运行的是适用于 x86_64 的 Oracle Linux 第 5 版 Update 7，所以要启用 [ol5_u7_base] 这个信息库。对于包括 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 的某些发行版本（特别是 Oracle Linux 5.5 和 5.6），还需要信息库 [el5_addons] 来解析 kernel-uek-headers 的依赖项。
接下来，使用 yum install 命令安装 oracle-validated RPM。
清单 1 中的输出显示了安装过程如何检查依赖项，然后下载和安装所需软件包。
清单 1：安装 oracle-validated RPM
# yum install oracle-validated
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with ULN.
ULN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
-->Running transaction check
--->Package oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-14.el5 set to be updated
-->Processing Dependency: unixODBC-devel for package: oracle-validated
unixODBC-devel x86_64 2.2.11-7.1 ol5_u7_base 799 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 22 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total size: 42 M
Total download size: 594 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
glibc-headers-2.5-65.x86_64.rpm | 594 kB 00:00
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
ol5_u7_base/gpgkey | 1.4 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x1E5E0159 "Oracle OSS group (Open Source Software group)
<build@oss.oracle.com>" from http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-el5
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : unixODBC1/22
Installing : libstdc++-devel 2/22
Installing : kernel-headers 3/22
Installing : gdb 4/22
Installing : compat-db 5/22
Installing : sysstat 6/22
Installing : glibc-headers 7/22
Installing : glibc-devel 8/22
Installing : compat-gcc-34 9/22
Installing : glibc-devel10/22
Installing : unixODBC-devel 11/22
Installing : libaio-devel 12/22
Installing : libaio-devel 13/22
Installing : unixODBC 14/22
Installing : libXp 15/22
Installing : gcc16/22
Installing : gcc-c++17/22
Installing : compat-gcc-34-c++ 18/22
Installing : unixODBC-devel 19/22
Installing : elfutils-libelf-devel 20/22
Installing : oracle-validated 21/22
Installing : elfutils-libelf-devel-static 22/22
Installed:
oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-14.el5
Dependency Installed:
compat-db.x86_64 0:4.2.52-5.1
compat-gcc-34.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1
compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1
elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5
elfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5
gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5
gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5
gdb.x86_64 0:7.0.1-37.el5
glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-65
glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-65
glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-65
kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.18-274.el5
libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5
libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5
libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5
libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5
sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-11.el5
unixODBC.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1
unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1
unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1
unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1
Complete!
yum 安装过程在 /var/log/oracle-validated/results/orakernel.log 文件中记录有关内核更改的消息，并在/var/log/oracle-validated/backup 目录中备份当前系统设置。
至此，系统已准备好，可以安装 Oracle Database 了。举例来说，若要安装 Oracle Database 11g 第 2 版，请按照“适用于 Linux 的数据库安装指南”的第 4 章“安装 Oracle Database”中的说明进行 *** 作。
该说明将指示您执行以下 *** 作：
以 root 身份在一个具有足够空间的文件系统中创建一个父目录作为下载文件的目标位置：
# mkdir /home/OraDB11g
# cd /home/OraDB11g
该文件系统中所需的磁盘空间量随具体的安装类型而变化，但大概 zip 文件大小两倍的空间（即 5 GB）就足以容纳相应软件和数据文件。
从 Oracle 技术网上的“Oracle Database 软件下载”页将安装介质文件下载到此目标目录中。
解压缩文件：
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
以 oracle 用户身份登录。转到 database 目录并输入以下命令运行 Oracle Universal Installer：
$ cd /home/OraDB11g/database
$ ./runInstaller
Oracle Universal Installer 执行一些检查，验证是否已经安装必要的 *** 作系统软件包和版本。此外，它还检查通过 oracle-validated 安装设置的内核参数。在内核设置检查期间，安装程序可能将一些设置标志为“failed”，您应对这些失败进行分析。在有些情况下，您仍可以继续数据库安装。如果您检查 /etc/sysctl.conf 中的内核设置，将发现 oracle-validated 为 Oracle Database 10g 推荐的设置不同于 Oracle Database 11g。如果需要，您可以（以 root 身份）编辑 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件来手动指定设置，例如：
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# /sbin/sysctl -p
Oracle Universal Installer 还会执行其他检查，如验证 glibc 版本、磁盘空间是否足够、环境变量和路径设置，以及物理内存和交换空间是否足够。一般来说，安装 oracle-validated 可解决先决条件，因此您可以直接继续安装数据库。
你理解的很正确，oracle-validated-1.1.0-14.el5.x86_64.rpm这个包依赖于很多安装oracle数据库所需要的包，所以你执行yum install oracle-validated的时候，就会把所有需要的包安装好。首先，设置一个yum配置文件，让其指向正确的信息库，然后从该信息库安装oracle-validated RPM，使用yum安装oracle-validated RPM包，主要是为了解决安装该包的依赖关系。为了简化 *** 作，我直接将Oracle Linux系统安装光盘挂载在/mnt目录下，作为信息库，以下是针对Oracle Database安装使用oracle-validated对系统进行预配置的步骤：1.作为一个授权用户（如 root）检索配置信息库位置的文件：
[root@11gR2 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@11gR2 yum.repos.d]#
2.在该目录下创建一个后缀为.repo任意名文件，其内容如下：
[ol5_u8_base]
name=Jialin.Lee Oracle Linux 5.8
baseurl=file:///mnt/Server/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
3.使用yum install命令安装oracle-validated RPM
注：清单1中的输出显示了安装过程如何检查依赖项然后下载和安装所需软件包
清单1：安装oracle-validated RPM
[root@11gR2 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-validated
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with ULN.
ULN support will be disabled.
oel-base | 1.1 kB 00:00
oel-base/primary | 1.4 MB 00:00
oel-base 3298/3298
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
-->Running transaction check
--->Package oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-15.el5 set to be updated
oel-base/filelists | 3.1 MB 00:00
-->Processing Dependency: sysstat for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: unixODBC-devel for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.1/libstdc++.a for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbc.so.1 for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libc.so for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libc.so for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: libXp.so.6 for package: oracle-validated
-->Processing Dependency: libodbc.so.1()(64bit) for package: oracle-validated
-->Running transaction check
--->Package elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated
-->Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel-static-x86_64 = 0.137-3.el5 for package: elfutils-libelf-devel
--->Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated
--->Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated
--->Package glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-81 set to be updated
--->Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-81 set to be updated
--->Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-81 set to be updated
-->Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers
-->Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers
--->Package libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5 set to be updated
--->Package libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated
--->Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated
--->Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated
--->Package sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-11.el5 set to be updated
--->Package unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
-->Processing Dependency: unixODBC = 2.2.11-10.el5 for package: unixODBC-devel
--->Package unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
--->Package unixODBC-libs.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
--->Package unixODBC-libs.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
-->Running transaction check
--->Package elfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated
--->Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.18-308.el5 set to be updated
--->Package unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated
-->Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-validated x86_64 1.1.0-15.el5 oel-base 24 k
Installing for dependencies:
elfutils-libelf-devel x86_64 0.137-3.el5 oel-base 24 k
elfutils-libelf-devel-static x86_64 0.137-3.el5 oel-base 64 k
gcc x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 oel-base 5.3 M
gcc-c++ x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 oel-base 3.8 M
glibc-devel i386 2.5-81 oel-base 2.0 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.5-81 oel-base 2.4 M
glibc-headers x86_64 2.5-81 oel-base 596 k
kernel-headers x86_64 2.6.18-308.el5 oel-base 1.4 M
libXp i386 1.0.0-8.1.el5 oel-base 22 k
libaio-devel i386 0.3.106-5 oel-base 12 k
libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.106-5 oel-base 11 k
libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 oel-base 2.8 M
sysstat x86_64 7.0.2-11.el5 oel-base 187 k
unixODBC x86_64 2.2.11-10.el5 oel-base 291 k
unixODBC-devel i386 2.2.11-10.el5 oel-base 738 k
unixODBC-devel x86_64 2.2.11-10.el5 oel-base 793 k
unixODBC-libs i386 2.2.11-10.el5 oel-base 551 k
unixODBC-libs x86_64 2.2.11-10.el5 oel-base 554 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================
Install 19 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 21 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.5 GB/s | 21 MB 00:00
Running RPM_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : unixODBC-libs 1/19
Installing : unixODBC 2/19
Installing : libstdc++-devel 3/19
Installing : sysstat 4/19
Installing : unixODBC-devel 5/19
Installing : kernel-headers 6/19
Installing : glibc-headers 7/19
Installing : glibc-devel 8/19
Installing : glibc-devel 9/19
Installing : libaio-devel 10/19
Installing : libaio-devel 11/19
Installing : unixODBC-libs 12/19
Installing : libXp 13/19
Installing : gcc 14/19
Installing : gcc-c++ 15/19
Installing : unixODBC-devel 16/19
Installing : elfutils-libelf-devel 17/19
Installing : oracle-validated 18/19
Installing : elfutils-libelf-devel-static 19/19
Installed:
oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-15.el5
Dependency Installed:
elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5
elfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5
gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5
gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5
glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-81
glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-81
glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-81
kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.18-308.el5
libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5
libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5
libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5
libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5
sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-11.el5
unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5
unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5
unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5
unixODBC-libs.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5
unixODBC-libs.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5
Complete!
注：yum安装过程在/var/log/oracle-validated/results/orakernel.log文件中记录有关内核更改的消息，并在 /var/log/oracle-validated/backup目录中备份当前系统设置。
至此系统已准备好，可以安装Oracle Database了，举例来说，若要安装Oracle Database 11g第2版，请按照“适用于Linux的数据库安装指南”的第4章“安装 Oracle Database”中的说明进行 *** 作。在运行./runInstaller起图形界面安装Oracle数据软件时会执行一些检查，验证是否已经安装必要的 *** 作系统软件包和版本，此外还检查通过oracle-validated安装设置的内核参数。在内核设置检查期间，安装程序可能将一些设置标志为“failed”，您应对这些失败进行分析，在有些情况下，您仍可以继续数据库安装。如果您检查/etc/sysctl.conf中的内核设置，将发现oracle-validated为Oracle Database 10g推荐的设置不同于Oracle Database 11g，如果需要，您可以（以root身份）编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件来手动指定设置。Oracle Universal Installer还会执行其他检查，如验证glibc版本、磁盘空间是否足够、环境变量和路径设置，以及物理内存和交换空间是否足够，一般来说，安装oracle-validated可解决先决条件，因此您可以直接继续安装数据库。
安装oracle-validated RPM可以节省在Oracle Linux上安装Oracle Database 10g或11g的时间，RPM 能让系统满足Oracle Database安装的大多数先决条件，从而极大地简化了安装过程。
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