使用uiautomator2实现对手机app的 *** 作（windows)

本文将介绍如何使用uiautomator2对手机app进行点击、翻页、滑动等 *** 作，本次目标app为考研帮

首先在我们本机进行adb工具安装，那么什槐仔么是 adb 工具呢？ adb 工具全称(Android调试桥)命令行窗口，用于通过电慎明郑脑端与模拟器或者是设备之间的交互。 adb 工具包含以下3个部分

 宽颂- adb client ：命令行程序，“adb”用于从shell或者脚本中运行adb命令

 - adb server: ADB Server是运行在PC上的一个后台进程

 - adbd: 程序“adbd” 作为一个后台进程在Android设备或者模拟器系统中运行

adb能用来做什么？

可以安装卸载apk、移动设备和PC之间拷贝文件、查看设备上安装的应用信息、文件管理、按键 *** 作等等。

1、启或举动测试工具 "E:\android-sdk_r24.4.1-windows\android-sdk-windows\tools"中的uiautomatorviewer

2、在  UI Automator Viewer界面点击第二个按钮 Device Screenshot

3、此时出现 Unable to connect to adb. Check if adb is installed correctly 错误：

解决方案：

1、打开  "E:\android-sdk_r24.4.1-windows\android-sdk-windows\tools"中的uiautomatorviewer.bat文件

2、掘团困找到 uiautomatorviewer.bat 文件最后一行

把将其中的binddir=%prog_dir%修改为 SDK 的 platform-tools所在路径判念（我的 SDK 路径为：E:\android-sdk_r24.4.1-windows\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools）。

3、修改后的最后一行为：

4、再次启动工具  UI Automator Viewer，就可以正常运行。

问题

1. error: Failed to start an Appium session, err was: Error: Requested a new session but one was in progress

之前的会话没有关闭，然后你又运行了测试实例，也没有设置覆盖. 

解决: 

1. 重新停止appium服务，开启Appium服务 

2. 在Genarel Setting那里设置覆盖Session，重启Appium

测试结束在AfterClass加driver.quit()

2. error: Failed to start an Appium session, err was: Error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c "D:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s adb server version (32) doesn't match this client (36)killing…

wait-for-device" 

error: could not install smartsocket listener: cannot bind to 127.0.0.1:5037:

没有链接上手机或者模拟器，请确认已经连接成功，重新链接

3. error: Android devices must be of API level 17 or higher. Please change your device to Selendroid or upgrade Android on your device.

手机系统低于4.2，appium不支持4.2.2以下的系统，请换一个手机或者模拟器来测试。

4. Error: Permission to start activity denied.

**activity在清单文件里面没添加Android:exported="true"的话，你不能直接打开对应的activity，需要从启动页activity打开。 

exported属性就是设置是镇野大否允许activity被其它程序调用**

5. error: Failed to start an Appium session, err was: Error: Activity used to start app doesn't exist or cannot ve launched! Make usre it exists and is launchable activity

要打开的activity不存在，activity路径错误，改为完整正确的activity路径

6. error: Failed to start an Appium session, err was: Error: 'java - version' failed. Error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c "java -version"

Java版本错误，请安装最新的版本。

7.>info: [debug] Error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c "D:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 8806a0b0 shell "echo 'ready'"error: unknown host service

链接脊烂手机失败，重新链接手机即可，我就是重新拔插了一下usb

Error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c "D:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 8806a0b0 shell "echo 'ping'""

error: unknown host service

adb被突然占用导致，例如你在运行用例的时候运行了模拟器。

8. UIAutomatorViewer提示: Unable to connect to adb. Check if adb is installed correctly

解决，sdk升级御竖到了25产生的问题。

解决方法:

将adb.exe 复制一份到uiautomatorviewer.bat 目录下

修改uiautomatorviewer.bat文件最后一行（改binddir=%prog_dir%为自己的platform-tools本地路径） 

9 error: Failed to start an Appium session, err was:INSTALL_FAILED_ALREADY_EXISTS: Attempt to re-install io.appium.settings without first uninstalling

When you are at final step to execute test automation script for mobile app testing on a mobile emulator or a virtual device or a real device, you might observe that script execution fails with different kinds of errors, In context to current article you will look at the error and solutions for: INSTALL_FAILED_ALREADY_EXISTS: Attempt to re-install io.appium.settings without first uninstalling.

Error in Appium Server:

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8

   

Error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c

"C:\Users\{User}\AppData\Local\Android\sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -s

emulator-5554 install

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Appium\node_modules\appium\build\settings_apk\settings_apk-debug.apk""

&gtFailed to install C:\Program Files (x86)\Appium\node_modules\appium\build\settings_apk\

settings_apk-debug.apk: Failure [INSTALL_FAILED_ALREADY_EXISTS: Attempt to re-install

io.appium.settings without first uninstalling.]

   

Error in Android studio run console:

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9

   

org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: A new session could not be created.

(Original error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c

"C:\Users\{User}\AppData\Local\Android\sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -s emulator-5554 install

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Appium\node_modules\appium\build\settings_apk\settings_apk-debug.apk""

Failed to install C:\Program Files (x86)\Appium\node_modules\appium\build\settings_apk\

settings_apk-debug.apk: Failure [INSTALL_FAILED_ALREADY_EXISTS: Attempt to re-install

io.appium.settings without first uninstalling.]

) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)

Command duration or timeout: 0 milliseconds

   

For the first time when you execute the script it might pass, but it will fail with above error when you try to execute the same or any other script multiple times. Or when your test script execution fails on the first attempt for some other reason, and when you fix it and execute it again, you might encounter this new issue.

原因：

The reason for this error is that Appium installs 2 mobile applications before executing the script.

1. io.appium.settings

2. io.appium.unlock

These are the supportive mobile applications appium utilizes to execute the test automation script in Mobile Emulator or virtual device or a real mobile device.

Ideally Appium should remove these files every time at the end of the script execution or termination, if it is intends to install them every time a script is executed, or it should conditionally install these apps / apks to the mobile emulator or mobile device.

In your mobile emulator / Virtual Device / Real device, the 2 mobile applications appear as below:

There are multiple ways to troubleshoot this error and go ahead for a successful test script execution.

解决办法

Solution 1: ADB's uninstall command to remove the files.

You can open command prompt, assuming that you already had set the environment variables for ANDROID_HOME and Path variables for sdk tools and platform tools.

And execute commands as shown below:

Solution 2: Uninstall manually

You can open the mobile emulator / virtual device / real device and go to apps and uninstall them.

Solution 3: Write code as part of your test automation script.

As part of your selenium test automation script, you could write instructions to execute the commands provided in solution 1 above, so that this issue would not arise.

Hope this article has been helpful and you are able to proceed further with script execution.

Request to kindly share any of your queries in form of comments, we would try our best to provide any solution for you.

10. 出错信息里含有"ps 'uiautomator'，具体信息未 A new session could not be created. (Original error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c "C:\Users\sxie\AppData\Local\Android\sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -s emulator-5554 shell "ps 'uiautomator'""

android-appium: A new session could not be created

junitexceptionandroidappium自动化

detail log:

org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: A new session could not be created. (Original error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c "C:\Users\sxie\AppData\Local\Android\sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -s emulator-5554 shell "ps 'uiautomator'""

) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)

Command duration or timeout: 0 milliseconds

Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'

System info: host: 'WL00070299', ip: '10.110.12.39', os.name: 'Windows 8.1', os.arch: 'x86', os.version: '6.3', java.version: '1.8.0_40'

Driver info: driver.version: AndroidDriver

at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)

at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)

at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)

at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:215)

at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:167)

at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumProtocolHandShake.createSession(AppiumProtocolHandShake.java:161)

at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumProtocolHandShake.createSession(AppiumProtocolHandShake.java:76)

at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumCommandExecutor.doExecute(AppiumCommandExecutor.java:111)

at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumCommandExecutor.execute(AppiumCommandExecutor.java:162)

at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:637)

at io.appium.java_client.DefaultGenericMobileDriver.execute(DefaultGenericMobileDriver.java:42)

at io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver.execute(AppiumDriver.java:1)

at io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver.execute(AndroidDriver.java:1)

at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:250)

at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:236)

at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.(RemoteWebDriver.java:137)

at io.appium.java_client.DefaultGenericMobileDriver.(DefaultGenericMobileDriver.java:38)

at io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver.(AppiumDriver.java:88)

at io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver.(AppiumDriver.java:112)

at io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver.(AndroidDriver.java:73)

at com.sky.demo.ContactTest.setUp(ContactTest.java:44)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)

at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)

at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)

at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)

at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)

at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24)

at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:27)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)

at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)

at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

==========================================

直接在cmd中执行"C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c "C:\Users\sxie\AppData\Local\Android\sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe -s emulator-5554 shell "ps 'uiautomator'""

bad pid 'uiautomator'"， 报错： bad pid 'uiautomator'

代码内容为

public class ContactTest {

private AndroidDriver driver 

@Before

public void setUp() throws Exception {

//设置apk的路径

File classpathRoot = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"))

File appDir = new File(classpathRoot, "apps")

File app = new File(appDir, "ContactManager.apk")

   //设置自动化相关参数

   DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities()

   capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, "")

   capabilities.setCapability("automationName","Appium") 

   capabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android")

   capabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "Pixel_XL_API_25")// Galaxy_Nexus_API_25

   capabilities.setCapability("noReset", true)

   capabilities.setCapability("avdReadyTimeout", 300000)

   capabilities.setCapability("sessionOverride", true)   

   //设置安卓系统版本

   capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "7.1.1")

   //设置apk路径

   capabilities.setCapability("app", app.getAbsolutePath())

   //设置app的主包名和主类名

   capabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "com.example.android.contactmanager")

   capabilities.setCapability("appActivity", ".ContactManager")

   //初始化

   driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities)

   driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,TimeUnit.SECONDS) 

}

@Test

public void addContact(){

   WebElement el = driver.findElement(By.name("Add Contact"))

   el.click()

   List<WebElement>textFieldsList = driver.findElementsByClassName("android.widget.EditText")

   textFieldsList.get(0).sendKeys("feimaoyuzhubaobao")

   textFieldsList.get(2).sendKeys("forever together")

   driver.swipe(100, 500, 100, 100, 2)

   driver.findElementByName("Save").click()

}    

@After

public void tearDown() throws Exception {

   driver.quit()

}

}

解决办法：

resolved by this way:

adb.js(C:\Program Files (x86)\Appium\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-adb\lib\adb.js) 中1035 行this.shell("ps '" + name + "'", function (err, stdout) {

对应执行的指令是ps 'uiautomator', Android7不支持这个指令格式，所以执行结果是bad pid 'uiautomator'

目前Appium未对此进行处理,所以需要修改此指令的执行方式

即将

this.shell("ps '" + name + "'", function (err, stdout) {

if (err) return cb(err)

替换成

this.shell_grep("ps", name, function (err, stdout) {

if (err) {

logger.debug("No matching processes found")

return cb(null, [])

}

并增加上面用到的shell_grep函数：

ADB.prototype.shell_grep = function (cmd, grep, cb) {

if (cmd.indexOf('"') === -1) {

cmd = '"' + cmd + '"'

}

var execCmd = 'shell ' + cmd + '| grep ' + grep

this.exec(execCmd, cb)

}

11.Android 7.0系统的手机无法执行appium脚本的问题

Appium Appium 版本 1.4.16，Android 设备固件 7.x，执行脚本时，报错使用语言：python报错如下：

WebDriverException: Message: A new session could not be created. (Original error: Could not extract PIDs from ps output. PIDS: [], Procs: ["bad pid 'uiautomator'"])

这个是因为appium版本1.4.16 使用的 uiatumator1.0不支持的原因导致？如果不升级appium版本，是否有解决方案？

解决办法

uiautomator1.0应该是不支持7.0，不升版本就换用uiautomator2.0吧，或者用下面的改脚本的方法使用。

解决Android 7.0系统的手机无法执行appium脚本的问题，改问题的具体解决方法如下：

找到appium的安装目录下的adb.js文件，windows版本的目录如下：Appium\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-adb\lib

2、 打开adb.js，手动修改该文件下的内容，此方法我已经试验成功。

adb.js 中1035 行this.shell("ps '" + name + "'", function (err, stdout) {

对应执行的指令是ps 'uiautomator', Android7不支持这个指令格式，所以执行结果是bad pid 'uiautomator'

目前Appium未对此进行处理,所以需要修改此指令的执行方式

即将

this.shell("ps '" + name + "'", function (err, stdout) {

if (err) return cb(err)

替换成

this.shell_grep("ps", name, function (err, stdout) {

if (err) {

logger.debug("No matching processes found")

return cb(null, [])

}

并增加上面用到的shell_grep函数：

ADB.prototype.shell_grep = function (cmd, grep, cb) {

if (cmd.indexOf('"') === -1) {

cmd = '"' + cmd + '"'

}

var execCmd = 'shell ' + cmd + '| grep ' + grep

this.exec(execCmd, cb)

}

网上还有如下的修改解决办法：以下我未试验。

ADB.prototype.getPIDsByName = function (name, cb) {

logger.debug("Getting all processes with '" + name + "'")

this.shell("ps '" + name + "'", function (err, stdout) {

if (err) return cb(err)

stdout = stdout.trim()

var procs = []

var outlines = stdout.split("\n")

outlines.shift()//在该处添加此行代码

3、重启appium

技巧

1. 每次测试都重新安装app

为capabilities色设置noReset为true 

capabilities.setCapability("noReset", true)

2. 中文乱码

这都是编码问题:

1.方法1:

Android Studio修改文件编码的方法，最底部的UTf-8,点击选GBK就可以了，reload文件。（ps: 先把文件内容全选复制一下再转换编码，再粘贴，不然文件内容就变乱码了）

2.方法2:

用的是原来的UTF-8编码，然后在测试module的build.gradle里面添加三行代码

tasks.withType(JavaCompile){

options.encoding = 'UTF-8'

}

3. 清除编辑框EditText内容

这个问题好像是看手机系统的，我之前的手机就会出现sendKeys的时候没有全选去掉本来的内容，现在都会自动全选覆盖了，这个也不算问题了。

/**

* 逐字删除编辑框中的文字

* @param element 文本框架控件

*/

public void clearText(AndroidElement element){

String className = element.getClass().getSimpleName()

if (className.equals("EditText")){

String text = element.getText()

//跳到最后

driver.pressKeyCode(KEYCODE_MOVE_END)

for (int i = 0i <text.length()i ++){

//循环后退删除

driver.pressKeyCode(BACKSPACE)

}

}else {

print("不是文本输入框架，无法删除文字")

}

}

1

4. 点击输入法键盘的回车搜索

方法1: 切换输入法

利用adb命令先切换为自己的输入法，按了搜索再切换为appium的输入法

查看当前手机的输入法

cmd执行下面的的代码

adb shell ime list -s

可以看到类似下面的结果，

C:\Users\LITP>adb shell ime list -s

com.baidu.input_mi/.ImeService

com.sohu.inputmethod.sogou.xiaomi/.SogouIME

io.appium.android.ime/.UnicodeIME

C:\Users\LITP>

执行adb命令

先写好一个执行cmd的方法

/**

* 执行adb命令

* @param s 要执行的命令

*/

private void excuteAdbShell(String s) {

Runtime runtime=Runtime.getRuntime()

try{

runtime.exec(s)

}catch(Exception e){

print("执行命令:"+s+"出错")

}

}

在需要搜索的时候执行下面的代码，切换的输入法用自己查看列表的输入法内容，我这里是搜狗输入法

//使用adb shell 切换输入法-更改为搜狗拼音，这个看你本来用的什么输入法

excuteAdbShell("adb shell ime set com.sohu.inputmethod.sogou.xiaomi/.SogouIME")

//再次点击输入框，调取键盘，软键盘被成功调出

clickView(page.getSearch())

//点击右下角的搜索，即ENTER键

pressKeyCode(AndroidKeyCode.ENTER)

//再次切回 输入法键盘为Appium unicodeKeyboard

excuteAdbShell("adb shell ime set io.appium.android.ime/.UnicodeIME")

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