电脑这个词是谁起的？

是德国数学家莱布尼兹起的。电脑（computer）的原来意义是『计算机』，也就是说，人类会发明电脑，最初的目的是帮助处理复杂的数字运算。而这种人工计算器的概念，最早可以追溯到十七世纪的法国大思想家帕斯卡。帕斯卡的父亲担任税务局长，当时的币制不是十进位，在计算上非常麻烦。帕斯卡为了协助父亲，利用齿轮原理，发明了第一台可以执行加减运算计算器 。后来，德国数学家莱布尼兹加以改良，发明了可以做乘除运算的计算器。之后虽然在计算器的功能上多所改良与精进，但是，真正的电动计算机，却必须等到西元1944年才制造出来。 而第一部真正可以称得上电脑的机器，则诞生於1946年的美国，名字叫做ENIAC。这部电脑使用真空管来处理讯号，所以体积庞大（占满一个房间）、耗电量高（使用时全镇的人都知道，因为家家户户的电灯都变暗了！），而且记忆容量又非常低（只有100多个字），但是，却已经是人类科技的一大进展。而我们通常把这种使用真空管的电脑称为第一代电脑

In 1640s, the first mechanical calculator was manufactured for commercial purposes. Blaise Pascal invented the first commercial calculator, which was a hand-powered adding machine. In 1670s, Gottfried Liebnitz made attempts to invent a calculator that multiplied mechanically, but the first multiplying calculator appeared in Germany just before the American Revolution. This was a gigantic step taken in the world of computing that laid the foundation for inventing computers. In the year 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, Frenchman, built a loom that weaved by reading the punched holes on sheets of hardwood. This loom was created almost 140 years before the computer was invented. Right after the first commercially manufactured calculator in the year 1820, Charles Babbage began his quest to develop a machine that was used for programming. The first programmer, Ada Lovelace used the machine invented by Babbage to mechanically translate a short written work. A decade later, a professor of mathematics named George Boole, came out with ‘An Investigation of the Laws of Thought’, and is considered as the Father of Computing Science. In 1890, the census was tabulated on punch cards on a system that used electric power. This was developed by Herman Hollerith of MIT. Prior to this invention, the first printing calculator was introduced in the year 1892 by William Burroughs. Though the first model was hand-powered, an electronic one was introduced soon after. Unaware of the work of Charles Babbage, Vannevar Bush of MIT also built a device, which he named as differential analyzer. Though it can handle simple calculus problems, accuracy was still not upto the mark. It was then that problems arose as to who invented their device first. Due to poor record keeping and documentation of inventions, one could not really decide which device was invented when. During the year 1935, a German construction engineer named Konrad Zuse develops a mechanical calculator to handle math and calculations in his profession. He then started developing a programmable electronic device and finished it in 1938. In the year 1936, John Vincent Atanasoff started working on developing a digital computer in a campus in Iowa. It was designed to solve linear equations that were much common in physics. However, he left his job for a new offer in Washington. In the year 1937, the Germans developed a complex mechanical encoder named the Enigma and believed it to be unbreakable. Alan Turing proposed the idea of developing a Universal Machine, which would be capable of computing any algorithm. In this year itself, George Steblitz created his machine named Model K(itchen), which was an accumulation of otherwise ineffective and leftover material, in order to solve complex calculations. The design was improved while he was working at Bell Labs and on September 11, 1940, he used the teletype machine to transmit a problem from New Hampshire to his Complex Number Calculator in New York. The problem was met with success and this was the first example of a network. The Enigma was broken by a machine called Colossus Mark I in Poland and then in Britain and US. After this, computers were built that could break not just German but Japanese codes as well. Then came the creation of integrated circuit technology and microprocessors, which decreased the size and cost of computers. The personal computer or PC was created in the 1980s and with the advent of the internet shortly after, computers slowly became essential part of urban households在17世纪40年代，第一台机械计算机（一开始“计算机”不叫“Computer”，而是叫“计算器”（calculator）。）由于商业目的被造出来了。Blaise Pascal发明了第一台出于商业目的的计算机，属于手动的算术计算机。在17世纪70年代，Gottfried Liebnitz这个人尝试制造一种乘法计算机（我不知道这个现在应该怎么叫，偶又不是学计算机的。）但是这种计算机真正诞生还是在德国，而且在美国独立战争爆发之前。这是人类计算机史上巨大一次跨越，也为后面计算机的发明奠定了基础。在1801年， Joseph-Marie Jacquard（约瑟夫·玛丽·杰卡德）,，这法国人设计的雅卡尔提花织机可以靠读取硬木板上的穿孔来纺织。这种纺织机出世早于计算机差不多140年。真的好长哦，你自己看嘛，就是名字有点多，句子这么简单，我不想再写了。

Computer

Computer is a wonderful machine. It's a great invention in many years. It develops very quickly. The smallest computer is as big as a note-book. We call it pocket computer. Computer becomes more and more important in many ways. It has touched the lives of everyone, even people in faraway villages. It helps us to do with all kinds of information and we get knowledge from it. It can give us a lot fun.

电脑

计算机是一种奇妙的机器.这是一个伟大的发明在许多年.它非常迅速发展.最小的计算机是那样大的笔记本.我们叫它口袋里的计算机.电脑已经成为越来越重要的在很多方面.它没有触及生命每一个人,即使一个人在遥远的村庄.它帮助我们与各种各样的信息,我们从它获得知识.它能给我们许多乐趣.

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