什么是NFS（Network File System）网络文件系统？

NFS（Network File System）即网络文件系统，是FreeBSD支持的文件系统中的一种，它允许网络中的计算机之间通过TCP/IP网络共享资源。在NFS的应用中，本地NFS的客户端应用可以透明地读写位于远端NFS服务器上的文件，就像访问本地文件一样。

以下是NFS最显而易见的好处：

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1. 节省本地存储空间，将常用的数据存放在一台NFS服务器上且可以通过网络访问，那么本地终端将可以减少自身存储空间的使用。

2. 用户不需要在网络中的每个机器上都建有Home目录，Home目录可以放在NFS服务器上且可以在网络上被访问使用。

3. 一些存储设备如软驱、CDROM和Zip（一种高储存密度的磁盘驱动器与磁盘）等都可以在网络上被别的机器使用。这可以减少整个网络上可移动介质设备的数量。

组成

NFS体系至少有两个主要部分：

一台NFS服务器和若干台客户机，如右图所示。

客户机通过TCP/IP网络远程访问存放在NFS服务器上的数据。

在NFS服务器正式启用前，需要根据实际环境和需求，配置一些NFS参数。

应用

NFS 有很多实际应用。下面是比较常见的一些：

1. 多个机器共享一台CDROM或者其他设备。这对于在多台机器中安装软件来说更加便宜跟方便。

2. 在大型网络中，配置一台中心 NFS 服务器用来放置所有用户的home目录可能会带来便利。这些目录能被输出到网络以便用户不管在哪台工作站上登录，总能得到相同的home目录。

3. 不同客户端可在NFS上观看影视文件，节省本地空间。

4. 在客户端完成的工作数据，可以备份保存到NFS服务器上用户自己的路径下。

NFS是运行在应用层的协议。随着NFS多年的发展和改进，NFS既可以用于局域网也可以用于广域网，且与 *** 作系统和硬件无关，可以在不同的计算机或系统上运行。

网络文件系统是应用层的一种应用服务，它主要应用于Linux 和Linux 系统、Linux 和Unix系统之间的文件或目录的共享。对于用户而言可以通过 NFS 方便的访问远地的文件系统，使之成为本地文件系统的一部分。采用NFS之后省去了登录的过程，方便了用户访问系统资源。

怎么样？看懂了吗？我们老师（传智播客）讲的还可以吧！

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